The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoi...The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods with the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) algorithm were applied to the physicochemical parameters of 17 boreholes using the calcite (ISC) and dolomite (ISD) saturation indices. The results obtained have shown that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area has an average temperature of 27.52°C (long rainy season) and 27.87°C (long dry season) and has an average pH of 7.09 ± 0.35 during the main rainy season and 7.32 ± 0.35 during the main dry season. They are mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 505.98 ± 302.85 μS/cm during the long rainy season and with 450.33 ± 233.74 μS/cm as average during the long dry season. The main phenomena at the origin of groundwater mineralization are water residence time, oxidation-reduction and surface inflow. The study of the relative age of the water shows that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area is mainly undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. They are therefore very old in the aquifer with a slow circulation speed during the long rainy season and the long dry season.展开更多
Direct and indirect discharges are released in the environment by many economic entities which operate in the territory of Albania.Different installations release many substances from separated sources or widespread,a...Direct and indirect discharges are released in the environment by many economic entities which operate in the territory of Albania.Different installations release many substances from separated sources or widespread,affecting the environmental quality and often causing pollution.Each economic entity that discharges substances in the environment is equipped with an environmental permit which is granted according to a system composed by two categories,A and B.Each Albanian citizen has the right guaranteed by the constitution to collect information regarding the city or country environmental conditions by this system.Furthermore,this system provides data regarding the state of the environment,polluting activity,different chemical components discharged,etc.The purpose of this study is to identify different sources of industrial discharge into water bodies,aiming to provide information that can be useful for the environmental protection,its preservation and improvement,the prevention and reduction of risks related to human and animal health and the improvement of the life quality.Data gained from the identification of economic entities equipped with an active environmental permit type A and B showed the various sources of waste discharges in the Albanian territory.The study was conducted using the QKB(National Business Center)database for a period of eight years from 2014 to 2022.Data show that an increase of technical unit discharging substances into water has increased over years due to a major number of installations of polluting economic entities in the country territory.展开更多
混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土...混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的试验方法。介绍Permit Ion Migration Test的基本原理和试验方法,推导理论计算公式。通过初步试验介绍了基本试验参数的测定方法并对试验数据的规范化处理提出了建议。展开更多
Acid doped Polyaniline(PANI)due to their increased electrical conductivity,are considered to be the most promising conducting filler materials.Hence,the present study,reports the synthesis of the PANI followed by acid...Acid doped Polyaniline(PANI)due to their increased electrical conductivity,are considered to be the most promising conducting filler materials.Hence,the present study,reports the synthesis of the PANI followed by acid doping,electrical conductivity and dielectric properties measurements of H2SO4;HCl and(Conc.HCl+NaNO2mixture)doped PANI.In order to know the effect of acetone washing on the electrical properties of acid doped PANI samples,the electrical properties of the non-acetone washed acid doped PANI samples are compared with that of their acetone washed counterparts.The PANI salt was prepared by conventional route using aniline hydrochloride and ammonium persulphate as an oxidant.PANI salt was subjected to 0.5M NaOH to form PANI base,which was further doped separately with H2SO4;HCl and(Conc.HCl+NaNO2mixture)respectively followed by acetone washing.A comparative electrical conductivity study between the acetone washed and unwashed PANI salt and H2SO4,HCl and Conc.HCl+NaNO2 mixture doped PANI were characterized by dielectric and impedance study.展开更多
The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Sim...The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Simulation results show that: industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development; regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development, but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries. The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.展开更多
Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comp...Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ)/Land Quality Division (LQD) administers Wyoming's coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM) located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD' s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM's specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase (a GIS/GPS approach) was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector's ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.展开更多
This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a compre...This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. (1) Our legal analysis indicates that Russia's view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. (2) Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.展开更多
In order to restrict non-yielding maneuvers of left-turning vehicles,an optimal design of left-lane line extensions is proposed to solve the problem.A field observation was conducted to collect a data set of left-turn...In order to restrict non-yielding maneuvers of left-turning vehicles,an optimal design of left-lane line extensions is proposed to solve the problem.A field observation was conducted to collect a data set of left-turning vehicles at the beginning of a green phase at two similar intersections(one with a permitted phase and the other with a protected phase).The comparative analysis shows no significant difference in the speed distribution using either a permitted phase or a protected phase,but it reveals that a permitted phase can lead to a larger acceleration when the left-turn vehicles pass through the conflict points.Those indicate the existence of non-yielding maneuvers of left-turn vehicles at signalized intersections with a permitted phase.Optimal designed left-lane line extensions contain two types of segments,circular curves and transition curves,and they are only related to four geometry parameters of an intersection.The proposed method is easy to use and it can offer reference for intersection channelization and traffic organization.展开更多
In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internaliza...In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internalization,it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system,find the value of environmental capital,establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital,and then transform the environmental capital,an exogenous factor of economic growth,into an endogenous factor.Of this,the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality;the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market,so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources(represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism,and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.展开更多
With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China's carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China's economic...With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China's carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China's economic growth were analyzed. The results show that it is most effective and feasible to reduce energy consumption per GDP by 25%, and the peak of China's carbon emissions will appear in 2017. As a result, energy conser- vation and emission reduction is realized, and China's international talk power about carbon emission will improved. However, the shallow price and permit rate of carbon emission permit calculated in the situation are the lowest, and the adverse impact of the initial price of carbon emissions on China's economic growth is the largest. Therefore, consideration should be given to both the promotion of pricing and trading of carbon emission permit to reduction of carbon emissions and their adverse effects on GDP in China.展开更多
In Sierra Leone, poor water quality is a major threat to public health and aquatic life. The main source of this problem appears to be poorly?regulated waste disposal. Even though water pollution laws exist, their enf...In Sierra Leone, poor water quality is a major threat to public health and aquatic life. The main source of this problem appears to be poorly?regulated waste disposal. Even though water pollution laws exist, their enforcement is challenged by many gaps and,?seemingly, they?focus on the quest to sustain natural resource exploitation. This work presents a case for?strengthening?such laws to promote public health, economic growth, and resource conservation. The article presents examples of problems that necessitated promulgation of water pollution laws in the US and the UK. Sierra Leone has been affected by similar problems such as public health, war efforts, and industrialization.展开更多
文摘The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods with the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) algorithm were applied to the physicochemical parameters of 17 boreholes using the calcite (ISC) and dolomite (ISD) saturation indices. The results obtained have shown that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area has an average temperature of 27.52°C (long rainy season) and 27.87°C (long dry season) and has an average pH of 7.09 ± 0.35 during the main rainy season and 7.32 ± 0.35 during the main dry season. They are mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 505.98 ± 302.85 μS/cm during the long rainy season and with 450.33 ± 233.74 μS/cm as average during the long dry season. The main phenomena at the origin of groundwater mineralization are water residence time, oxidation-reduction and surface inflow. The study of the relative age of the water shows that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area is mainly undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. They are therefore very old in the aquifer with a slow circulation speed during the long rainy season and the long dry season.
文摘Direct and indirect discharges are released in the environment by many economic entities which operate in the territory of Albania.Different installations release many substances from separated sources or widespread,affecting the environmental quality and often causing pollution.Each economic entity that discharges substances in the environment is equipped with an environmental permit which is granted according to a system composed by two categories,A and B.Each Albanian citizen has the right guaranteed by the constitution to collect information regarding the city or country environmental conditions by this system.Furthermore,this system provides data regarding the state of the environment,polluting activity,different chemical components discharged,etc.The purpose of this study is to identify different sources of industrial discharge into water bodies,aiming to provide information that can be useful for the environmental protection,its preservation and improvement,the prevention and reduction of risks related to human and animal health and the improvement of the life quality.Data gained from the identification of economic entities equipped with an active environmental permit type A and B showed the various sources of waste discharges in the Albanian territory.The study was conducted using the QKB(National Business Center)database for a period of eight years from 2014 to 2022.Data show that an increase of technical unit discharging substances into water has increased over years due to a major number of installations of polluting economic entities in the country territory.
文摘混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的试验方法。介绍Permit Ion Migration Test的基本原理和试验方法,推导理论计算公式。通过初步试验介绍了基本试验参数的测定方法并对试验数据的规范化处理提出了建议。
文摘Acid doped Polyaniline(PANI)due to their increased electrical conductivity,are considered to be the most promising conducting filler materials.Hence,the present study,reports the synthesis of the PANI followed by acid doping,electrical conductivity and dielectric properties measurements of H2SO4;HCl and(Conc.HCl+NaNO2mixture)doped PANI.In order to know the effect of acetone washing on the electrical properties of acid doped PANI samples,the electrical properties of the non-acetone washed acid doped PANI samples are compared with that of their acetone washed counterparts.The PANI salt was prepared by conventional route using aniline hydrochloride and ammonium persulphate as an oxidant.PANI salt was subjected to 0.5M NaOH to form PANI base,which was further doped separately with H2SO4;HCl and(Conc.HCl+NaNO2mixture)respectively followed by acetone washing.A comparative electrical conductivity study between the acetone washed and unwashed PANI salt and H2SO4,HCl and Conc.HCl+NaNO2 mixture doped PANI were characterized by dielectric and impedance study.
基金supported by National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China(No.71173212,41101556 and 71203215)the President Fund of GUCAS(No Y1510RY00)
文摘The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Simulation results show that: industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development; regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development, but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries. The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.
文摘Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ)/Land Quality Division (LQD) administers Wyoming's coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM) located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD' s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM's specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase (a GIS/GPS approach) was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector's ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.
基金Marine Science Research Project for Public Welfare "Assessment for Navigability of Arctic Sea Route and Research & Demonstration for Prediction System for Sea Route" (Grant no. 201205007-6)Research Project of Polar Right and Interest, the Department of International Cooperation of the State Oceanic Administration, China
文摘This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. (1) Our legal analysis indicates that Russia's view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. (2) Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278220)
文摘In order to restrict non-yielding maneuvers of left-turning vehicles,an optimal design of left-lane line extensions is proposed to solve the problem.A field observation was conducted to collect a data set of left-turning vehicles at the beginning of a green phase at two similar intersections(one with a permitted phase and the other with a protected phase).The comparative analysis shows no significant difference in the speed distribution using either a permitted phase or a protected phase,but it reveals that a permitted phase can lead to a larger acceleration when the left-turn vehicles pass through the conflict points.Those indicate the existence of non-yielding maneuvers of left-turn vehicles at signalized intersections with a permitted phase.Optimal designed left-lane line extensions contain two types of segments,circular curves and transition curves,and they are only related to four geometry parameters of an intersection.The proposed method is easy to use and it can offer reference for intersection channelization and traffic organization.
基金Soft Science Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund,"Policy Research on Low Carbon Economy based on Carbon Finance Innovation and Low Carbon Industrial Chain"(Grant No.:10692103400)Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,"Research on Governance Strategy of Blockholders"(Grant No.:70802015)General project of Shanghai Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning,"The Main Factors that Influence China's Transformation of Economic Development Pattern in the Context of Dual Transitions"(Grant No.:2008BJL003).
文摘In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internalization,it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system,find the value of environmental capital,establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital,and then transform the environmental capital,an exogenous factor of economic growth,into an endogenous factor.Of this,the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality;the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market,so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources(represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism,and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.
基金Supported by the Social Science Foundation of Yangtze University(2014csq013)
文摘With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China's carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China's economic growth were analyzed. The results show that it is most effective and feasible to reduce energy consumption per GDP by 25%, and the peak of China's carbon emissions will appear in 2017. As a result, energy conser- vation and emission reduction is realized, and China's international talk power about carbon emission will improved. However, the shallow price and permit rate of carbon emission permit calculated in the situation are the lowest, and the adverse impact of the initial price of carbon emissions on China's economic growth is the largest. Therefore, consideration should be given to both the promotion of pricing and trading of carbon emission permit to reduction of carbon emissions and their adverse effects on GDP in China.
文摘In Sierra Leone, poor water quality is a major threat to public health and aquatic life. The main source of this problem appears to be poorly?regulated waste disposal. Even though water pollution laws exist, their enforcement is challenged by many gaps and,?seemingly, they?focus on the quest to sustain natural resource exploitation. This work presents a case for?strengthening?such laws to promote public health, economic growth, and resource conservation. The article presents examples of problems that necessitated promulgation of water pollution laws in the US and the UK. Sierra Leone has been affected by similar problems such as public health, war efforts, and industrialization.