Perpendicular-Cutdepth:Perpendicular Direction Depth Cutting Data Augmentation Method

Depth estimation is an important task in computer vision.Collecting data at scale for monocular depth estimation is challenging,as this task requires simultaneously capturing RGB images and depth information.Therefore,data augmentation is crucial for this task.Existing data augmentationmethods often employ pixel-wise transformations,whichmay inadvertently disrupt edge features.In this paper,we propose a data augmentationmethod formonocular depth estimation,which we refer to as the Perpendicular-Cutdepth method.This method involves cutting realworld depth maps along perpendicular directions and pasting them onto input images,thereby diversifying the data without compromising edge features.To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,we compared it with existing convolutional neural network(CNN)against the current mainstream data augmentation algorithms.Additionally,to verify the algorithm’s applicability to Transformer networks,we designed an encoder-decoder network structure based on Transformer to assess the generalization of our proposed algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that,in the field of monocular depth estimation,our proposed method,Perpendicular-Cutdepth,outperforms traditional data augmentationmethods.On the indoor dataset NYU,our method increases accuracy from0.900 to 0.907 and reduces the error rate from0.357 to 0.351.On the outdoor dataset KITTI,our method improves accuracy from 0.9638 to 0.9642 and decreases the error rate from 0.060 to 0.0598.

Thickness-dependent magnetic properties in Pt/[Co/Ni]_(n) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We systematically investigated the Ni and Co thickness-dependent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)coefficient,magnetic domain structures,and magnetization dynamics of Pt(5 nm)/[Co(t_(Co))/Ni(t_(Ni))]_(5)/Pt(1 nm)multilayers by combining the four standard magnetic characterization techniques.The magnetic-related hysteresis loops obtained from the field-dependent magnetization M and anomalous Hall resistivity(AHR)ρxy showed that the two serial multilayers with t_(Co)=0.2 nm and 0.3 nm have the optimum PMA coefficient K_(U) as well as the highest coercivity H_(C) at the Ni thickness t_(Ni)=0.6 nm.Additionally,the magnetic domain structures obtained by magneto-optic Kerr effect(MOKE)microscopy also significantly depend on the thickness and K_(U) of the films.Furthermore,the thickness-dependent linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance is inversely proportional to K_(U) and H_(C),indicating that inhomogeneous magnetic properties dominate the linewidth.However,the intrinsic Gilbert damping constant determined by a linear fitting of the frequency-dependent linewidth does not depend on the Ni thickness and K_(U).Our results could help promote the PMA[Co/Ni]multilayer applications in various spintronic and spin-orbitronic devices.

Investigation of magnetization reversal and domain structures in perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets by first-order reversal curves and magneto-optical Kerr effect

Perpendicular synthetic-antiferromagnet(p-SAF) has broad applications in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory and magnetic sensors. In this study, the p-SAF films consisting of (Co/Ni)3]/Ir(tIr)/[(Ni/Co)3are fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology. We study the domain structure and switching field distribution in p-SAF by changing the thickness of the infrared space layer. The strongest exchange coupling field(Hex) is observed when the thickness of Ir layer(tIr) is 0.7 nm and becoming weak according to the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida-type coupling at 1.05 nm,2.1 nm, 4.55 nm, and 4.9 nm in sequence. Furthermore, the domain switching process between the upper Co/Ni stack and the bottom Co/Ni stack is different because of the antiferromagnet coupling. Compared with ferromagnet coupling films, the antiferromagnet samples possess three irreversible reversal regions in the first-order reversal curve distribution.With tIrincreasing, these irreversible reversal regions become denser and smaller. The results from this study will help us understand the details of the magnetization reversal process in the p-SAF.

Spin–orbit torque in perpendicularly magnetized[Pt/Ni]multilayers

The performance of spin–orbit torque(SOT)in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal periodic multilayers has attracted widespread attention.In this paper,we have successfully fabricated a series of perpendicular magnetized[Pt(2-t)/Ni(t)]_4 multilayers,and studied the SOT in the multilayers by varying the thickness of Ni layer t.The current induced magnetization switching was achieved with a critical current density of 1×10^(7)A/cm^(2).The damping-like SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)was extracted from an extended harmonic Hall measurement.We demonstrated that theξ_(DL)can be effectively modulated by t_(Pt)/t_(Ni)ratio of Pt and Ni in the multilayers.The SOT investigation about the[Pt/Ni]N multilayers might provide new material candidates for practical perpendicular SOT-MRAM devices.

High repetition granular Co/Pt multilayers with improved perpendicular remanent magnetization for high-density magnetic recording

Thanks to the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA), excellent processing compatibility as well as novel spintronic phenomenon, Co/Pt multilayers have been attracting massive attention and widely used in magnetic storage.However, reversed magnetic domains come into being with the increasing layer repetition ‘N’ to reduce magneto-static energy, resulting in the remarkable diminishment of the remanent magnetization(Mr). As a result, the product of Mrand thickness(i.e., the remanent moment-thickness product, Mrt), a key parameter in magnetic recording for reliable data storing and reading, also decreases dramatically. To overcome this issue, we deposit an ultra-thick granular [Co/Pt]80multilayer with a total thickness of 68 nm on granular SiNxbuffer layer. The Mrt value, Mrto saturation magnetization(Ms) ratio as well as out of plane(OOP) coercivity(Hcoop) are high up to 2.97 memu/cm^(2), 67%, and 1940 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m^(-1)),respectively, which is remarkably improved compared with that of continuous [Co/Pt]80multilayers. That is because large amounts of grain boundaries in the granular multilayers can efficiently impede the propagation and expansion of reversed magnetic domains, which is verified by experimental investigations and micromagnetic simulation results. The simulation results also indicate that the value of Mrt, Mr/Msratio, and Hcoopcan be further improved through optimizing the granule size, which can be experimentally realized by manipulating the process parameter of SiNxbuffer layer. This work provides an alternative solution for achieving high Mrt value in ultra-thick Co/Pt multilayers, which is of unneglectable potential in applications of high-density magnetic recording.

Electric-field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by resistive switching via electrochemical metallization

Electric-field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) is a feasible way to manipulate perpendicular magnetization,which is of great importance for realizing energy-efficient spintronics.Here,we propose a novel approach to accomplish this task at room temperature by resistive switching(RS) via electrochemical metallization(ECM) in a device with the stack of Si/SiO_(2)/Ta/Pt/Ag/Mn-doped ZnO(MZO)/Pt/Co/Pt/ITO.By applying certain voltages,the device could be set at high-resistance-state(HRS) and low-resistance-state(LRS),accompanied with a larger and a smaller coercivity(H_(C)),respectively,which demonstrates a nonvolatile E-field control of PMA.Based on our previous studies and the present control experiments,the electric modulation of PMA can be briefly explained as follows.At LRS,the Ag conductive filaments form and pass through the entire MZO layer and finally reach the Pt/Co/Pt sandwich,leading to weakening of PMA and reduction of H_(C).In contrast,at HRS,most of the Ag filaments dissolve and leave away from the Pt/Co/Pt sandwich,causing partial recovery of PMA and an increase of H_(C).This work provides a new clue to designing low-power spintronic devices based on PMA films.

从一道概率题的错解说起

从一道概率题的错解与正解出发,利用线性代数、初等数论的有关知识,给出了二者相等的几种情况,以及有关概率计算的一点启示.

外加电场和B/N掺杂对锡烯带隙的影响

锡烯具有超高载流子密度、无质量狄拉克费米子和高导热性等优良性质,并且存在能带反转现象,被认为是拓扑绝缘体,拓扑绝缘体在一定条件下可以获得无耗散电流,具有极高的应用潜力.由于锡烯在布里渊区高对称点K处的能带存在狄拉克锥,带隙为零,大大限制了锡烯在半导体领域的应用.本文采用在锡烯中掺杂B/N元素和在垂直于锡烯平面方向施加电场的方法来打开锡烯在K点处的带隙,并研究掺杂和施加电场强度对锡烯结构和电子性质的变化.研究发现施加掺杂B元素和垂直电场都能在保留锡烯拓扑性质的同时打开K点处的带隙,并且施加的垂直电场强度与K点处带隙呈正相关.在掺杂B元素的同时施加垂直电场可以增大K点处的带隙,当电场强度为0.5 V/A时,带隙达到0.092 eV.掺杂N元素后,锡烯变为间接带隙半导体,带隙为0.183 eV.施加垂直电场不能改变N元素掺杂锡烯的结构,施加的垂直电场强度与K点处带隙则呈负相关,当电场强度为0.5 V/A时,K点处带隙减小到0.153 eV.

不锈钢槽式预埋组件受剪性能研究

为研究不锈钢槽式预埋组件在剪力作用下的破坏模式和承载性能,完成了3组9个带混凝土基材的不锈钢槽式预埋组件试件的受剪试验。试验结果表明,平行受剪工况下破坏模式为齿牙剪切破坏,垂直受剪工况下破坏模式为混凝土边缘破坏及槽道卷边受弯破坏。在试验的基础上,通过ABAQUS软件建立了有限元分析模型,并验证了模型的准确性。通过数值分析研究了齿牙尺寸、混凝土强度、边缘距离、锚件中心线间距及预埋槽道有效埋深等参数对极限承载力的影响。结果表明,平行受剪工况下,平齿型槽道的齿牙数量、宽度及厚度的增加均可提高极限承载力,齿牙高度对极限承载力影响较小;垂直受剪工况下,平齿型和燕尾型槽道的混凝土强度及边缘距离的增加均可提高极限承载力,而锚件中心线间距的增加则使极限承载力降低,预埋槽道有效深度对极限承载力影响较小。给出了不同破坏模式下的受剪承载力计算公式,通过试验结果与有限元模拟结果的对比,验证了承载力计算公式的有效性。

翻转启闭机构设计与优化研究

为了满足压力罐密闭门可靠开启、启闭角度足够大、自动开闭锁等要求,采用机构功能时序组合、空间多连杆连续耦合作动的设计思想,开发了一种可变回转点的空间多连杆快速作动翻转机构,构建了参数化机构动力学模型,以开启角度、启闭机构体积、最大驱动载荷为优化目标进行了机构铰点多目标优化,运用Max-min准则从多目标优化所得Pareto解集中选出了折中方案。通过动力学数值计算、缩比试验和产品试验验证了该设计和优化方法的可行性,为翻转启闭系统的机构设计提供了一定的参考。

正交下穿截污管盾构开挖面被动失稳颗粒流模拟研究

目的 对砂土地层土压平衡式盾构下穿截污管施工工况进行研究,以解决由于支护压力过大导致的开挖面被动失稳问题。方法 以沈阳地铁三号线下穿截污管区段为背景,利用颗粒流程序建立数值模型,研究截污管存在下的开挖面被动失稳模式、支护压力变化以及地层应力分布。同时分析了管隧垂直净距与细观摩擦系数对极限支护压力的影响。结果 开挖面失稳模式和极限支护压力均受盾构开挖位置的影响,当开挖面位于管道前方1.0 D时,管道对失稳模式的影响最大;盾构穿越管道前,管道下部土层出现应力增大现象;极限支护压力随着管隧垂直净距、颗粒摩擦系数的增大而增大。结论 在盾构接近且未穿越截污管时,管道对开挖面被动失稳机理产生了显著影响。

不同衬底沉积的Co/Pt多层膜及Co层厚度对其垂直磁各向异性的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法,分别在100μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚酰亚胺(PI)和Si衬底上沉积Ta(2 nm)/Pt(20 nm)[Co(t)/Pt(0.5 nm)]4/Pt(1.5 nm)的磁性多层膜。考察了Co层厚度及刚性Si、柔性PVDF和PI衬底对Co/Pt多层膜垂直磁各向异性的影响。结果表明,Co/Pt多层膜的垂直磁各向异性随着Co的厚度增大而减弱,表现为磁畴尺寸随Co的厚度增大而减小。通过对比生长在刚性衬底与柔性衬底上的Co/Pt多层膜的磁各向异性常数、矫顽力、磁畴尺寸,发现制备的柔性Co/Pt多层膜仍保持优异的垂直磁各向异性,其垂直磁各向异性与刚性衬底上生长的薄膜相近。

超深大直径旋喷桩垂直度检测及控制研究

旋喷桩施工深度的增加不仅意味着地层条件更加复杂,也给旋喷桩的垂直度控制增加难度。以某锚碇区域深层地基处理项目为例,结合超深大直径旋喷桩施工关键质量控制手段,同时引入自寻北光纤陀螺仪垂直度偏差检测技术,对旋喷桩施工不同阶段的垂直度检测以及控制措施进行了分析。在分析深层超高压旋喷桩垂直度的影响因素的基础上提出了不同施工阶段旋喷桩垂直度的控制措施,旋喷桩垂直度受引孔施工和旋喷施工两个过程影响,具体影响因素包括地层条件、引孔机械及配套设备、引孔钻进工艺以及旋喷钻杆等多个方面,由此提出了一系列的针对性措施。试验结果表明,多种手段的结合能够有效使得深层地基加固旋喷桩施工垂直度达到设计要求以及质量控制指标。

带垂直度测量功能的钻孔电视在基桩钻芯法检测中的应用

灌注桩成桩和钻芯孔成孔均存在一定的垂直度偏差,往往导致钻芯法检测时出现钻芯孔偏出桩外的情况。RS-TV02钻孔电视系统将钻孔电视和钻孔倾斜度测量功能相结合,提供了一种钻芯孔垂直度测量的新思路。本文通过室内模拟试验和工程实例证明了该系统测量钻芯孔垂直度的准确性和实用性,在钻芯孔偏出桩身且能够观测到钻芯孔偏出桩身的方位时可以计算桩身垂直度的范围,明确其原因和责任,为新增钻芯孔的开孔位置提供指导。同时指出该系统存在的缺点和改进的方向。

无孔型轧制电极扁钢方坯表面垂直度计算与分析

电极扁钢又称作阴极扁钢,主要用于电解铝行业中的阴极电解电极,代表牌号有Q195、Q215、Q235。为满足钢坯尺寸的多样化,使用无孔型轧制,依靠压下量的精确设计满足客户需要。与限制孔型轧制相比,无孔型轧制的关键技术在于通过轧制参数设计保证钢坯的表面垂直度。以280 mm×325 mm方坯为研究对象,进行了无孔型轧制计算。由于方坯和轧辊结构对称,将模型简化为1/4模型,调整和优化道次压下量、轧制速度、轧制出口高度和宽度等参数,得到截面尺寸为165 mm×210 mm的方坯。该方坯在Z轴的高度由中心向两侧逐渐升高,上表面的表面垂直度为2.7 mm,在Y轴的宽度由中心向两侧逐渐缓慢增加,左侧面的表面垂直度仅为0.4 mm,模型对轧辊间距的简化处理对钢坯形变没有产生影响。根据对称分布关系,该无孔型轧制模型的参数设计可以满足方坯对4个表面的垂直度在3 mm以内的要求,为电极扁钢方坯的实际生产提供了理论依据。

Magnetron sputtering deposition of [FePt/Ag]_n multilayers for perpendicular recording

[FePt/Ag]n multilayers were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and ex situ annealed at 550℃ for 30 min. The effects of inserted Ag layer thickness and the number of bilayer repetitions （n） on the structure and magnetic properties of the multilayers were investigated. It was found that the difference between in-plane and out-of-plane coercivities varied with an increase of inserted Ag layer thickness in the [FePt 2 nm/Ag x nm]10 multilayers. The ratio of out-of-plane coercivity to in-plane coercivity reached the maximum value with the Ag layer thickness of 5 nm, indicating that the Ag layer thickness plays an important role in obtaining perpendicular orientation. For the [FePt 2 nm/Ag 5 um]n multilayers, perpendicular orientation is also influenced by n. The maximum value of the ratio of out-of-plane coercivity to in-plane coercivity appeared when n was given as 8. It was found that the [FePt 2 nm/Ag 5 nm]8 had a high perpendicular coercivity of 520 kA/m and a low in-plane one of 88 kA/m, which shows a strong perpendicular anisotropy.

Nonmonotonic effects of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on current-driven vortex wall motions in magnetic nanostripes

In a magnetic nanostripe, the effects of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy（PMA） on the current-driven horizontal motion of vortex wall along the stripe and the vertical motion of the vortex core are studied by micromagnetic simulations.The results show that the horizontal and vertical motion can generally be monotonously enhanced by PMA. However, when the current is small, a nonmonotonic phenomenon for the horizontal motion is found. Namely, the velocity of the horizontal motion firstly decreases and then increases with the increase of the PMA. We find that the reason for this is that the PMA can firstly increase and then decrease the confining force induced by the confining potential energy. In addition, the PMA always enhances the driving force induced by the current.

Electron-Induced Perpendicular Graphene Sheets Embedded Porous Carbon Film for Flexible Touch Sensors

Graphene-based materials on wearable electronics and bendable displays have received considerable attention for the mechanical flexibility,superior electrical conductivity,and high surface area,which are proved to be one of the most promising candidates of stretching and wearable sensors.However,polarized electric charges need to overcome the barrier of graphene sheets to cross over flakes to penetrate into the electrode,as the graphene planes are usually parallel to the electrode surface.By introducing electron-induced perpendicular graphene(EIPG)electrodes incorporated with a stretchable dielectric layer,a flexible and stretchable touch sensor with"in-sheet-chargestransportation"is developed to lower the resistance of carrier movement.The electrode was fabricated with porous nanostructured architecture design to enable wider variety of dielectric constants of only 50-μm-thick Ecoflex layer,leading to fast response time of only 66 ms,as well as high sensitivities of 0.13 kPa-1 below 0.1 kPa and 4.41 MPa-1 above 10 kPa,respectively.Moreover,the capacitance-decrease phenomenon of capacitive sensor is explored to exhibit an object recognition function in one pixel without any other integrated sensor.This not only suggests promising applications of the EIPG electrode in flexible touch sensors but also provides a strategy for internet of things security functions.

Micromagnetic studies of perpendicular recording FePt media with controllable grain size distributions

A 3-dimensional (3D) micromagnetic model combined with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method was built up to study the writability in the L10 FePt perpendicular medium. The effects of controllable grain size distributions were studied by grain growth simulation. It is found that the cross-track-averaged magnetization changes little between the L10 FePt medium with uniform or non-uniform grain size distribution.

Magnetic properties of a Pt/Co_2 FeAl/MgO structure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Ta/Pt/Co 2 FeAl（CFA）/MgO multilayers are studied to understand perpendicular magnetic anisotropy（PMA） of half-metallic full-Heusler alloy films.PMA is realized in a 2.5-nm CFA film with B2-ordered structure observed by a high resolution transmission electron microscope.It is demonstrated that a high quality interface between the ferromagnetic layer and oxide layer is not essential for PMA.The conversions between in-plane anisotropy and PMA are investigated to study the dependence of magnetic moment on temperature.At the intersection points,the decreasing slope of the saturation magnetization（M s） changes because of the conversions.The dependence of M s on the annealing temperature and MgO thickness is also studied.