Perpendicular-Cutdepth:Perpendicular Direction Depth Cutting Data Augmentation Method

Depth estimation is an important task in computer vision.Collecting data at scale for monocular depth estimation is challenging,as this task requires simultaneously capturing RGB images and depth information.Therefore,data augmentation is crucial for this task.Existing data augmentationmethods often employ pixel-wise transformations,whichmay inadvertently disrupt edge features.In this paper,we propose a data augmentationmethod formonocular depth estimation,which we refer to as the Perpendicular-Cutdepth method.This method involves cutting realworld depth maps along perpendicular directions and pasting them onto input images,thereby diversifying the data without compromising edge features.To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,we compared it with existing convolutional neural network(CNN)against the current mainstream data augmentation algorithms.Additionally,to verify the algorithm’s applicability to Transformer networks,we designed an encoder-decoder network structure based on Transformer to assess the generalization of our proposed algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that,in the field of monocular depth estimation,our proposed method,Perpendicular-Cutdepth,outperforms traditional data augmentationmethods.On the indoor dataset NYU,our method increases accuracy from0.900 to 0.907 and reduces the error rate from0.357 to 0.351.On the outdoor dataset KITTI,our method improves accuracy from 0.9638 to 0.9642 and decreases the error rate from 0.060 to 0.0598.

Thickness-dependent magnetic properties in Pt/[Co/Ni]_(n) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We systematically investigated the Ni and Co thickness-dependent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)coefficient,magnetic domain structures,and magnetization dynamics of Pt(5 nm)/[Co(t_(Co))/Ni(t_(Ni))]_(5)/Pt(1 nm)multilayers by combining the four standard magnetic characterization techniques.The magnetic-related hysteresis loops obtained from the field-dependent magnetization M and anomalous Hall resistivity(AHR)ρxy showed that the two serial multilayers with t_(Co)=0.2 nm and 0.3 nm have the optimum PMA coefficient K_(U) as well as the highest coercivity H_(C) at the Ni thickness t_(Ni)=0.6 nm.Additionally,the magnetic domain structures obtained by magneto-optic Kerr effect(MOKE)microscopy also significantly depend on the thickness and K_(U) of the films.Furthermore,the thickness-dependent linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance is inversely proportional to K_(U) and H_(C),indicating that inhomogeneous magnetic properties dominate the linewidth.However,the intrinsic Gilbert damping constant determined by a linear fitting of the frequency-dependent linewidth does not depend on the Ni thickness and K_(U).Our results could help promote the PMA[Co/Ni]multilayer applications in various spintronic and spin-orbitronic devices.

Investigation of magnetization reversal and domain structures in perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets by first-order reversal curves and magneto-optical Kerr effect

Perpendicular synthetic-antiferromagnet(p-SAF) has broad applications in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory and magnetic sensors. In this study, the p-SAF films consisting of (Co/Ni)3]/Ir(tIr)/[(Ni/Co)3are fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology. We study the domain structure and switching field distribution in p-SAF by changing the thickness of the infrared space layer. The strongest exchange coupling field(Hex) is observed when the thickness of Ir layer(tIr) is 0.7 nm and becoming weak according to the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida-type coupling at 1.05 nm,2.1 nm, 4.55 nm, and 4.9 nm in sequence. Furthermore, the domain switching process between the upper Co/Ni stack and the bottom Co/Ni stack is different because of the antiferromagnet coupling. Compared with ferromagnet coupling films, the antiferromagnet samples possess three irreversible reversal regions in the first-order reversal curve distribution.With tIrincreasing, these irreversible reversal regions become denser and smaller. The results from this study will help us understand the details of the magnetization reversal process in the p-SAF.

Spin–orbit torque in perpendicularly magnetized[Pt/Ni]multilayers

The performance of spin–orbit torque(SOT)in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal periodic multilayers has attracted widespread attention.In this paper,we have successfully fabricated a series of perpendicular magnetized[Pt(2-t)/Ni(t)]_4 multilayers,and studied the SOT in the multilayers by varying the thickness of Ni layer t.The current induced magnetization switching was achieved with a critical current density of 1×10^(7)A/cm^(2).The damping-like SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)was extracted from an extended harmonic Hall measurement.We demonstrated that theξ_(DL)can be effectively modulated by t_(Pt)/t_(Ni)ratio of Pt and Ni in the multilayers.The SOT investigation about the[Pt/Ni]N multilayers might provide new material candidates for practical perpendicular SOT-MRAM devices.

High repetition granular Co/Pt multilayers with improved perpendicular remanent magnetization for high-density magnetic recording

Thanks to the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA), excellent processing compatibility as well as novel spintronic phenomenon, Co/Pt multilayers have been attracting massive attention and widely used in magnetic storage.However, reversed magnetic domains come into being with the increasing layer repetition ‘N’ to reduce magneto-static energy, resulting in the remarkable diminishment of the remanent magnetization(Mr). As a result, the product of Mrand thickness(i.e., the remanent moment-thickness product, Mrt), a key parameter in magnetic recording for reliable data storing and reading, also decreases dramatically. To overcome this issue, we deposit an ultra-thick granular [Co/Pt]80multilayer with a total thickness of 68 nm on granular SiNxbuffer layer. The Mrt value, Mrto saturation magnetization(Ms) ratio as well as out of plane(OOP) coercivity(Hcoop) are high up to 2.97 memu/cm^(2), 67%, and 1940 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m^(-1)),respectively, which is remarkably improved compared with that of continuous [Co/Pt]80multilayers. That is because large amounts of grain boundaries in the granular multilayers can efficiently impede the propagation and expansion of reversed magnetic domains, which is verified by experimental investigations and micromagnetic simulation results. The simulation results also indicate that the value of Mrt, Mr/Msratio, and Hcoopcan be further improved through optimizing the granule size, which can be experimentally realized by manipulating the process parameter of SiNxbuffer layer. This work provides an alternative solution for achieving high Mrt value in ultra-thick Co/Pt multilayers, which is of unneglectable potential in applications of high-density magnetic recording.

Electric-field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by resistive switching via electrochemical metallization

Electric-field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) is a feasible way to manipulate perpendicular magnetization,which is of great importance for realizing energy-efficient spintronics.Here,we propose a novel approach to accomplish this task at room temperature by resistive switching(RS) via electrochemical metallization(ECM) in a device with the stack of Si/SiO_(2)/Ta/Pt/Ag/Mn-doped ZnO(MZO)/Pt/Co/Pt/ITO.By applying certain voltages,the device could be set at high-resistance-state(HRS) and low-resistance-state(LRS),accompanied with a larger and a smaller coercivity(H_(C)),respectively,which demonstrates a nonvolatile E-field control of PMA.Based on our previous studies and the present control experiments,the electric modulation of PMA can be briefly explained as follows.At LRS,the Ag conductive filaments form and pass through the entire MZO layer and finally reach the Pt/Co/Pt sandwich,leading to weakening of PMA and reduction of H_(C).In contrast,at HRS,most of the Ag filaments dissolve and leave away from the Pt/Co/Pt sandwich,causing partial recovery of PMA and an increase of H_(C).This work provides a new clue to designing low-power spintronic devices based on PMA films.

以煤层倾向为参考方向的锐角优化垂线法煤柱设计方法

垂线法广泛应用于我国矿区地表建(构)筑物的保护煤柱的设计,但其原理中存在走向方向不明确导致计算时需人工干预和小角值拐角处保护煤柱过估等问题。针对村庄尺度的建筑物群,提出应按位置给出不同的开采参数和松散层参数;用煤层倾向作为垂线法的参考方向,代替指向不明确的走向,实现垂线计算公式选择、垂线长度计算的自动化;提出锐角优化算法,解决煤柱角点角值较小时出现的煤柱留设尺寸过大问题。基于上述优化,通过MATLAB编程实现煤柱自动化计算,并一定程度上减小了煤柱的尺寸。优化后的垂线法能够更好地应用于矿山保护煤柱设计。

从一道概率题的错解说起

从一道概率题的错解与正解出发,利用线性代数、初等数论的有关知识,给出了二者相等的几种情况,以及有关概率计算的一点启示.

不同界面次序CoFeMnSi多层膜的磁各向异性

利用磁控溅射仪制备Ta作缓冲层、最上层Pd作保护层的Ta/Pd/CoFeMnSi/MgO(t_(MgO))/Pd多层膜以及仅界面次序不同的Ta/MgO(t_(MgO))/CoFeMnSi/Pd多层膜,其中,t MgO分别为1.0 nm、1.2 nm、1.4 nm、1.6 nm、1.8 nm、2.0 nm、2.2 nm和2.4 nm,在300℃真空条件下退火30 min,探究界面次序不同导致多层膜不同磁各向异性的物理机理。磁性测试结果表明,Ta/Pd/CoFeMnSi/MgO(t_(MgO))/Pd多层膜在t MgO为1.6~2.0 nm时显示较好的垂直磁各向异性(PMA),Ta/MgO(t_(MgO))/CoFeMnSi/Pd多层膜在MgO厚度测试范围内均显示面内磁各向异性(IMA)。分析界面处元素化学态得到Ta/MgO/CoFeMnSi/Pd结构多层膜不能实现PMA的原因包括:Ta层对O的抢夺导致Co、Fe与O的键合不足;CoFeMnSi中Si和Mn发生一定量的氧化,进一步使Co-O、Fe-O键合含量减少。

外加电场和B/N掺杂对锡烯带隙的影响

锡烯具有超高载流子密度、无质量狄拉克费米子和高导热性等优良性质,并且存在能带反转现象,被认为是拓扑绝缘体,拓扑绝缘体在一定条件下可以获得无耗散电流,具有极高的应用潜力.由于锡烯在布里渊区高对称点K处的能带存在狄拉克锥,带隙为零,大大限制了锡烯在半导体领域的应用.本文采用在锡烯中掺杂B/N元素和在垂直于锡烯平面方向施加电场的方法来打开锡烯在K点处的带隙,并研究掺杂和施加电场强度对锡烯结构和电子性质的变化.研究发现施加掺杂B元素和垂直电场都能在保留锡烯拓扑性质的同时打开K点处的带隙,并且施加的垂直电场强度与K点处带隙呈正相关.在掺杂B元素的同时施加垂直电场可以增大K点处的带隙,当电场强度为0.5 V/A时,带隙达到0.092 eV.掺杂N元素后,锡烯变为间接带隙半导体,带隙为0.183 eV.施加垂直电场不能改变N元素掺杂锡烯的结构,施加的垂直电场强度与K点处带隙则呈负相关,当电场强度为0.5 V/A时,K点处带隙减小到0.153 eV.

页岩气开采中的压力变化与气液传质规律

根据页岩气的赋存及流动机理,建立考虑页岩渗吸与吸附、渗流与扩散的流动方程,采用线段源叠加解等效为压裂产生的压力分布作为方程的初始条件,使用非结构PEBI(perpendicular bisection)网格对水平井多段压裂井进行网格划分,有限体积法进行离散。利用高频压力监测的闷井压力数据验证了算法程序的可靠性。研究得出以下结果:(1)发现页岩气开发的压力双漏斗及气液双向传质流动规律;(2)依据这一规律给出页岩气压最佳闷井时间和最优排采制度。

不锈钢槽式预埋组件受剪性能研究

为研究不锈钢槽式预埋组件在剪力作用下的破坏模式和承载性能,完成了3组9个带混凝土基材的不锈钢槽式预埋组件试件的受剪试验。试验结果表明,平行受剪工况下破坏模式为齿牙剪切破坏,垂直受剪工况下破坏模式为混凝土边缘破坏及槽道卷边受弯破坏。在试验的基础上,通过ABAQUS软件建立了有限元分析模型,并验证了模型的准确性。通过数值分析研究了齿牙尺寸、混凝土强度、边缘距离、锚件中心线间距及预埋槽道有效埋深等参数对极限承载力的影响。结果表明,平行受剪工况下,平齿型槽道的齿牙数量、宽度及厚度的增加均可提高极限承载力,齿牙高度对极限承载力影响较小;垂直受剪工况下,平齿型和燕尾型槽道的混凝土强度及边缘距离的增加均可提高极限承载力,而锚件中心线间距的增加则使极限承载力降低,预埋槽道有效深度对极限承载力影响较小。给出了不同破坏模式下的受剪承载力计算公式,通过试验结果与有限元模拟结果的对比,验证了承载力计算公式的有效性。

翻转启闭机构设计与优化研究

为了满足压力罐密闭门可靠开启、启闭角度足够大、自动开闭锁等要求,采用机构功能时序组合、空间多连杆连续耦合作动的设计思想,开发了一种可变回转点的空间多连杆快速作动翻转机构,构建了参数化机构动力学模型,以开启角度、启闭机构体积、最大驱动载荷为优化目标进行了机构铰点多目标优化,运用Max-min准则从多目标优化所得Pareto解集中选出了折中方案。通过动力学数值计算、缩比试验和产品试验验证了该设计和优化方法的可行性,为翻转启闭系统的机构设计提供了一定的参考。

基于显微视觉的UVW直驱平台运动学标定

面向高端制造装备对多自由度纠偏对位系统的快速精密对位要求,设计一种UVW直驱运动平台,提出一种基于显微视觉测量的运动学标定方法,实现平台结构参数误差与垂直度误差的标定与补偿。推导平台基坐标系与末端坐标系间的映射关系,采用图解法分析移动副垂直度误差引起的平台末端位移耦合,建立正逆运动学解析解,在此基础上引入工具坐标系偏差建立误差传递模型;面向平台末端位姿测量,构建一种基于绝对编码图案的显微视觉测量系统,通过对齐测量坐标系与平台基坐标系,获取不同位姿下的平台坐标;搭建UVW运动平台及其视觉测量系统,开展所提方法的运动学标定实验。实验结果表明,平台标定后的X、Y、C轴RMSE由原来的0.2177 mm、0.2298 mm、0.0057°下降到0.0043 mm、0.0083 mm、0.0019°,相比常规方法进一步降低93.97%、19.41%、56.81%,验证了标定方法的有效性,也为UVW平台的精密纠偏定位奠定了基础。

正交下穿截污管盾构开挖面被动失稳颗粒流模拟研究

目的 对砂土地层土压平衡式盾构下穿截污管施工工况进行研究,以解决由于支护压力过大导致的开挖面被动失稳问题。方法 以沈阳地铁三号线下穿截污管区段为背景,利用颗粒流程序建立数值模型,研究截污管存在下的开挖面被动失稳模式、支护压力变化以及地层应力分布。同时分析了管隧垂直净距与细观摩擦系数对极限支护压力的影响。结果 开挖面失稳模式和极限支护压力均受盾构开挖位置的影响,当开挖面位于管道前方1.0 D时,管道对失稳模式的影响最大;盾构穿越管道前,管道下部土层出现应力增大现象;极限支护压力随着管隧垂直净距、颗粒摩擦系数的增大而增大。结论 在盾构接近且未穿越截污管时,管道对开挖面被动失稳机理产生了显著影响。

不同衬底沉积的Co/Pt多层膜及Co层厚度对其垂直磁各向异性的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法,分别在100μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚酰亚胺(PI)和Si衬底上沉积Ta(2 nm)/Pt(20 nm)[Co(t)/Pt(0.5 nm)]4/Pt(1.5 nm)的磁性多层膜。考察了Co层厚度及刚性Si、柔性PVDF和PI衬底对Co/Pt多层膜垂直磁各向异性的影响。结果表明,Co/Pt多层膜的垂直磁各向异性随着Co的厚度增大而减弱,表现为磁畴尺寸随Co的厚度增大而减小。通过对比生长在刚性衬底与柔性衬底上的Co/Pt多层膜的磁各向异性常数、矫顽力、磁畴尺寸,发现制备的柔性Co/Pt多层膜仍保持优异的垂直磁各向异性,其垂直磁各向异性与刚性衬底上生长的薄膜相近。

基于激光干涉的多轴运动平台垂直度测量

测量垂直度误差的常用方法有实物量具法、体积测量法、CCD测量法、平面光栅测量法、激光跟踪仪测量法和激光干涉仪测量法等,这几种方法普遍存在操作不简便,使用成本高或无法实现在线测量等缺点。为此,提出了一种基于激光干涉仪原理的多轴运动平台垂直度在线测量方法,利用激光器、五角分光棱镜、五角棱镜、直线度干涉镜、直线度反射镜等组件构建了一种多轴激光干涉垂直度测量装置。通过光路设计,可以将此装置搭建于被测多轴运动平台上,从而实现高效率、高精度的垂直度在线测量。最后通过与花岗石角尺测量垂直度的方法进行精度比对测试。测试结果表明,偏差为1.4″,归一化偏差E_(n)<1,结果较理想,证明了方案的可行性。

超深大直径旋喷桩垂直度检测及控制研究

旋喷桩施工深度的增加不仅意味着地层条件更加复杂,也给旋喷桩的垂直度控制增加难度。以某锚碇区域深层地基处理项目为例,结合超深大直径旋喷桩施工关键质量控制手段,同时引入自寻北光纤陀螺仪垂直度偏差检测技术,对旋喷桩施工不同阶段的垂直度检测以及控制措施进行了分析。在分析深层超高压旋喷桩垂直度的影响因素的基础上提出了不同施工阶段旋喷桩垂直度的控制措施,旋喷桩垂直度受引孔施工和旋喷施工两个过程影响,具体影响因素包括地层条件、引孔机械及配套设备、引孔钻进工艺以及旋喷钻杆等多个方面,由此提出了一系列的针对性措施。试验结果表明,多种手段的结合能够有效使得深层地基加固旋喷桩施工垂直度达到设计要求以及质量控制指标。

带垂直度测量功能的钻孔电视在基桩钻芯法检测中的应用

灌注桩成桩和钻芯孔成孔均存在一定的垂直度偏差,往往导致钻芯法检测时出现钻芯孔偏出桩外的情况。RS-TV02钻孔电视系统将钻孔电视和钻孔倾斜度测量功能相结合,提供了一种钻芯孔垂直度测量的新思路。本文通过室内模拟试验和工程实例证明了该系统测量钻芯孔垂直度的准确性和实用性,在钻芯孔偏出桩身且能够观测到钻芯孔偏出桩身的方位时可以计算桩身垂直度的范围,明确其原因和责任,为新增钻芯孔的开孔位置提供指导。同时指出该系统存在的缺点和改进的方向。

无孔型轧制电极扁钢方坯表面垂直度计算与分析

电极扁钢又称作阴极扁钢,主要用于电解铝行业中的阴极电解电极,代表牌号有Q195、Q215、Q235。为满足钢坯尺寸的多样化,使用无孔型轧制,依靠压下量的精确设计满足客户需要。与限制孔型轧制相比,无孔型轧制的关键技术在于通过轧制参数设计保证钢坯的表面垂直度。以280 mm×325 mm方坯为研究对象,进行了无孔型轧制计算。由于方坯和轧辊结构对称,将模型简化为1/4模型,调整和优化道次压下量、轧制速度、轧制出口高度和宽度等参数,得到截面尺寸为165 mm×210 mm的方坯。该方坯在Z轴的高度由中心向两侧逐渐升高,上表面的表面垂直度为2.7 mm,在Y轴的宽度由中心向两侧逐渐缓慢增加,左侧面的表面垂直度仅为0.4 mm,模型对轧辊间距的简化处理对钢坯形变没有产生影响。根据对称分布关系,该无孔型轧制模型的参数设计可以满足方坯对4个表面的垂直度在3 mm以内的要求,为电极扁钢方坯的实际生产提供了理论依据。