International Comparative Study on Education Laws of the Persons with Disabilities: An Observation on Regulations on the Education of Persons with Disabilities

The issue of education for people with disabilities has become of increasing concern. How can we effectively guarantee the basic right to education for persons with disabilities? Will the revised Regulation on Education for Persons with Disabilities meet their needs? This article takes the Regulation on Education for Persons with Disabilities as the core and compares it with the related special educational laws of the United States, Britain and Japan. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: In terms of educational concept, the three countries follow the concept of inclusive education, and pursue equity and educational justice. They not only pay attention to inclusive education but also focus on improving the quality of education for students with disabilities. All three countries focus on accommodating children with special needs, but each implements its programs in a different way. These practices can be used as reference for the development of a special needs education law in China.

Autoimmune hepatitis:Towards a personalized treatment

Autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon condition that affects both adults and children and is characterized by chronic and recurrent inflammatory activity in the liver.This inflammation is accompanied by elevated IgG and autoantibody levels.Historically,treatment consists of steroids with the addition of azathioprine,which results in remission in approximately 80%of patients.Despite significant advancements in our understanding of the immune system over the past two decades,few modifications have been made to treatment algorithms,which have remained largely unchanged since they were first proposed more than 40 years ago.This review summarized the various treatment options currently available as well as our experiences using them.Although steroids are the standard treatment for induction therapy,other medications may be considered.Cyclosporin A,a calcineurin inhibitor that decreases T cell activation,has proven effective for induction of remission,but its long-term side effects limit its appeal for maintenance.Tacrolimus,a drug belonging to the same family,has been used in patients with refractory diseases with fewer side effects.Sirolimus and everolimus have interesting effects on regulatory T cell populations and may become viable options in the future.Mycophenolate mofetil is not effective for induction but is a valid alternative for patients who are intolerant to azathioprine.B celldepleting drugs,such as rituximab and belimumab,have been successfully used in refractory cases and are useful in both the short and long term.Other promising treatments include anti-tumor necrosis factors,Janus kinases inhibitors,and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.This growing armamentarium allows us to imagine a more tailored approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in the near future.

血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标影响的Meta分析

目的:通过收集血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练的相关文献,依照系统评价和Meta分析的范式,分析血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标和专项能力的不同影响,旨在为运动者在训练实践中运用血流限制训练提供数据支持。方法:检索中外数据库(中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和SPORTDiscus),应用血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对对象为运动者中大学生运动者肢体围度、肌肉质量、肌肉力量和专项运动能力影响的随机对照试验,检索起止时间为2000-01-01/2023-10-12。至少2名研究者采用Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具和标准对纳入文献进行质量评价。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行异质性检验、数据合并、亚组分析、绘制森林图和敏感性分析,绘制漏斗图并进行发表偏倚评价和敏感性分析。评价指标为肢体围度、肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力等,对不同专项运动能力进行亚组分析。结果:①共纳入18项随机对照试验,共403例受试者,根据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具,纳入文献中文献质量为A级的有16篇,B级有2篇。②将血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练之间的效果进行对比,在肢体围度方面,两组间无显著性差异(SMD=0.03,95%CI:-0.16-0.21,P=0.78);在肌肉厚度方面(SMD=0.14,95%CI:0.01-0.27,P=0.03)及肌肉力量方面(SMD=0.37,95%CI:0.14-0.60,P=0.001)两组间有显著性差异。③对专项能力指标进行亚组分析结果显示,距离指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=73%),时间指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=55%),分析可能原因是各研究的测试方法及评估指标意义的不同导致;功率指标的分析结果显示无异质性(I2=0%);血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对距离指标具有显著影响(P<0.01)。④合并效应结果显示,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练比较抗阻训练对于专项能力的影响(P=0.41),提示不同训练方法对于专项能力不存在显著性影响。结论:①两种训练方法均能够促进大学生运动者的肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练相较于抗阻训练在促进运动员肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和部分专项能力方面具有显著性效果。因此,可以在专项训练之中科学合理地融合血流限制训练法,以差异性的生理刺激综合作用于肌肉,以取得更好的训练效果。②然而,由于纳入的研究数量较少,以及其他可能存在的局限性,今后需要纳入更多的高质量、多项目类型和性别的随机对照试验来证实。

Study of Yield Combining Ability and Genetic Relationship Among Exotic Tropical,Subtropical Maize(Zea mays L.) Inbreds and Temperate Maize Inbreds in China

Information on the genetic relationship between tropical maize (Zea mays L), germplasm and temperate maize germplasm is of great value to maize breeding. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability and genetic relationship of 25 inbreds extracted from five tropical maize populations and a land race, with four temperate maize inbreds (Huangzaosi, Mol7, B73 and Dan 340). The 25 tropical inbreds were crossed with the four temperate inbreds and evaluated. Lines from Suwanl and POP28 had high general combining ability (GCA) for grain yield. The lines from POP32 (ETO) had the highest special combining ability (SCA) with B73; the average SCA value of the 5 lines was 879 kg/ha. The lines from Suwanl had the second-highest SCA (584 kg/ha) with Huangzaosi. The lines from Suwanl had the greatest relative heterosis (20%) with B73, followed by the lines from POP32 (ETO) with B73 (19%). Five heterotic patterns have been identified from this study: Suwanl × Reid, ETO × Reid, POP28× Reid, POP28× Ludahong-gu, and Suwan1× Lancaster.

The ability of modern secretary

Modern secretaries need to master a lot of oldand new skills including some required skills and some modernabilities.And secretaries in modern offices also have to mastersome special skills to be supportive to their bosses.

Analysis of Combining Ability for Resistance of Sugarcane Parents and Cross Combinations to Brown Stripe Disease

[Objectives] The paper was to screen resistant sugarcane varieties against brown stripe disease,and to breed disease-resistant germplasm resource.[Methods]The combining ability for resistance to sugarcane brown stripe disease was analyzed based on 23 female parents,21 male parents and 29 cross combinations. [Results]The average heritability of resistance to sugarcane brown stripe disease successively were female parents（ 95. 3%）,cross combinations（ 93. 0%）and male parents（ 79. 1%）. The general combining ability of 12 female parents showed negative effect,including Pma 98-40,Yacheng 93-26,Yunrui 05-283,Yuetang 91-976,Chuanzhe 19,ROC10,Yunzhe 06-80,ROC26,Zhanzhe 74-141,K86-110,Yunzhe 03-194 and ROC25. The general combining ability of 10 male parents showed negative effect,including Q 199,Yunrui 06-649,Yunrui 05-733,CP 84-1198,CP 88-1762,Yacheng 84-125,Yunrui 05-784,Yuetang 00-236,CP72-3591 and CP 94-110. The special combining ability of 16 cross combinations showed negative effect,including Pma 98-40 × Yunrui 05-649,Yacheng 93-26 ×Yunrui 05-733,Yunrui 05-283 × Q199,Yuetang 91-976 × CP 84-1198,Chuanzhe 19 × CP 88-1762 and ROC10 × Yuenong 73-204. [Conclusions] There were significant differences in combining ability among female parents,male parents and cross combinations,which were mainly controlled by additive and non-additive gene.

Effect of personality on fraud detection： The Malaysian case

Auditing standards require external auditors to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements, either due to fraud or error. Inability of the external auditors to detect the material misstatements, particularly fraud, may expose them to litigation. The present study aims to examine the effect of personality factors （i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and agreeableness） on the external auditors＇ ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. An experimental approach is adopted by sending case materials to audit partners and audit managers attached to auditing firms operating in Malaysia. The result shows that personality does not have a positive effect on the external auditors＇ ability to detect the likelihood of fraud.

China＇s High-Speed Railway Industry and Applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law

China＇s high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspeetive of competition policy. This paper focuses on the industrial organization of China＇s high-speed railway industry and the applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law. We intend to answer the following questions： （l） Why is the high-speed railway industry not an industry of natural monopoly？ Which segments of the industry have elements of natural monopoly？ （2） At the level of corporate organization, what is the legal and economic rationale behind the patterns of China＇s high-speed railway undertakings evolving from government-affiliated enterprises to special legal person enterprises and then shareholding companies？ （3） The applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the high-speed railway industry. Our conclusions from the perspective of competition policy are worth referencing for similar industries such as electric power, telecommunications, and water and gas supply.

生成式人工智能何以赋能学习、能力与评价?

生成式人工智能(Artificial Intelligence Generated Content,AIGC)技术的飞速发展,为教育教学的创新性、颠覆性发展提供了无限可能。文章从学习、能力、评价三个向度,探讨了AIGC何以赋能大规模个性化学习和大规模协作学习、AIGC何以赋能学习者能力培养、AIGC何以赋能学习评价三个关键问题:AIGC赋能学习呈现从“千人一面”转为“千人千面”的特征,可从学习内容、学习方式、学习评价、答疑解惑、学习反馈五个方面赋能大规模个性化学习,并从适应性群体形成、专家促进、虚拟代理、智能调节四个方面赋能大规模协作学习;AIGC赋能能力呈现从“千篇一律”转为“标新领异”的特征,可促进学习者“传统认知能力”的全面发展,并为学习者“21世纪技能”的培养与评价提供支持;AIGC赋能评价呈现从评价学习转为理解学习、促进学习与重塑学习的特征,通过提供细粒度信息、提供及时评价与反馈、赋能学习评价达成AIGC赋能评价的目的。文章有助于教育工作者更深入地理解AIGC的赋能作用,并为推动AIGC与教育教学的深度融合、促进AIGC赋能教育高质量发展提供参考。

跨学科“双创”实验班人才培养模式探究

为探索跨学科融合创新创业实践人才的培养模式,成立了湘潭大学虚实交互机器人“双创”实验班。通过引入导师指导与学生自主管理相结合的模式创建创新创业教育实验班,为学生提供创新环境;通过不同专业的指导老师合作创建各方向技术前沿的实践课程体系对学生进行个性化培养,拓宽学生视野;通过协同不同专业的学生进行创新实践,培养学生团队精神和团队意识,逐步形成基本完善的跨学科“双创”实验班个性化人才培养模式。该模式的改革探索中培养了一批智能制造与控制、机器视觉、硬件电路设计、虚拟仪器等领域里的创新实践人才,对跨学科“双创”实验班个性化人才培养有一定的借鉴作用。

社团活动对提升大学生综合素质的作用

随着社会的快速发展,大学生综合素质越来越受到重视。社团活动作为提升大学生综合素质的重要途径之一,对大学生的成长和发展起到了极为重要的作用。探讨大学社团活动对大学生学术素质、人际交往能力、个人发展、职业发展、领导力和组织能力产生的影响。

个体特征与能力对临床医学生儿科就业意愿的影响分析

目的了解个体特征与能力对临床医学生儿科行业就业意愿的影响。方法采用问卷调查的方式,对某高校全日制本科生的个体特征(性别、年级、生源地)和个人能力(专业类别、是否有儿科行业相关知识的储备)进行调查研究。结果发出问卷1000份,回收问卷955份,问卷回收率95.5%;性别和生源地变量对儿科行业就业意愿没有相关性(P>0.05),年级、专业类别和有无儿科相关知识储备对儿科行业就业意愿有影响(P<0.05)。结论年级、专业类别与有无儿科相关知识储备对儿科行业就业意愿有影响,高校可优化培养模式,增加医学生对儿科行业的兴趣和了解,促进儿科专业队伍的可持续发展,从而解决儿科医生短缺现象。

知识图谱赋能教学的逻辑框架及其在医学教育中的实践探索

目的/意义构建知识图谱型智能教学应用系统,为医学院校持续优化专业建设、提高医学及相关专业人才培养质量提供数据支撑。方法/过程采用文献归纳法,系统梳理当前知识图谱应用于教学的进展,基于布鲁姆教学认知模型,结合学生学习情况及底层算法,构建知识图谱型智能教学应用系统。结果/结论系统通过精准检测、内容推送及路径规划,形成动态闭环的教学反馈机制,有助于提升临床教师的精准教学能力,促进医学生个性化学习。

语义密构解析:农民集体所有与本集体成员集体所有

民法典第261条第1款规定:“农民集体所有的不动产和动产,属于本集体成员集体所有”。其条文中有三个“集体”和两个“所有”,但其同一词语并非表达同一概念。在该条立法假定部分,表达集体所有制客观存在的事实状态,其中“集体”“所有”为政治经济学概念;在立法处理部分,表达设定集体所有权的法律状态,其中“集体”“所有”为法学概念。我国宪法和民法典通过在特定规范中语境设置转换,实现“集体”“所有”的语义设定由政治经济学范畴迁移至法学范畴。对“集体”“所有”的语义自设不同,反映词语所指的概念界定不同,进而反映法律叙事者的观察视野与观念表达不同,这是农村集体经济法治领域许多学术观点争议与立法方案竞争得以发生的底层原因。依民法典第261条第1款之本旨,民法典中的“农民集体”是政治经济学概念,反映物质性的经济关系;“农村集体经济组织”是法学概念,反映观念性的法律关系。农民集体是农村集体经济组织的经济本质,农村集体经济组织是农民集体的法律形式,两者之间是异质同体的社会存在。

专家参与庭审的角色定位与意见归属

近年来颁布的司法解释赋予有专门知识的人(专家)参与庭审过程的权利已超越诉讼法预设的初衷,专家的角色定位与意见归属亟待重新审视和界定。为保护质证权,立法不应对被告人申请专家出庭设置障碍。现行立法不苛求参与庭审的专家须具备鉴定人资质,但不意味专家毋庸具备体现专业优势的条件,唯此才能适用意见规则。专家参与庭审的基本职能为辅助一方质证,作证是司法解释赋予专家的扩张职能。现有规定造成专家的角色定位模糊,专家辅助人向专家证人转型的过程存在诉讼构造、证据种类法定等制约性因素。专家参与庭审发表意见具有多元化的性质归属,对鉴定意见提出意见可理解为对证据的反驳。而专家对专门性问题提出意见性质上类同于反证,此类意见具有证据属性,可归入专门性证据范畴接受质证。

IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对PE患者自护能力、血压控制的影响

目的:探究IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对子痫前期(PE)患者自护能力、血压控制的影响。方法:随机数字表法将2021年3月-2023年2月本院就诊的PE患者200例分为观察组与对照组各100例,两组均予以常规护理干预,观察组同时予以信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型框架下小组个性化护理干预,均干预至妊娠分娩。比较两组自护能力[自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)评分]、负性心理[焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分]、治疗依从性、血压控制情况及分娩结局。结果:干预后观察组ESCA各维度评分均高于对照组,SDS(42.55±4.28分)、SAS(43.39±4.21分)评分均低于对照组(48.36±4.33分、47.57±4.36分),治疗依从性(94.0%)高于对照组(83.0%),收缩压及舒张压(127.6±7.5 mmHg、93.5±4.3 mmHg)低于对照组(142.5±8.4mmHg、104.6±5.5 mmHg),不良分娩结局低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:对PE患者实施IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预可提高患者的自护能力与治疗依从性,减轻负性心理,有利于血压控制及改善妊娠结局,提高了护理效果。

侵犯公民个人信息罪中敏感个人信息的特殊保护研究

大数据时代,敏感个人信息与公民人身、财产安全直接相关且易受侵犯,故需作特殊保护。近年来,侵犯公民个人信息罪中敏感个人信息特殊保护的规范,经历了从无到有、从有到优、从粗到细的过程,并由此形成了比较完善的敏感个人信息分类保护规则、从严保护规则、弹性保护规则。侵犯公民个人信息罪中敏感个人信息的范围和分类,可基于刑法保护法益的独立性原则,作适当有别于《个人信息保护法》的评判。侵犯公民个人信息罪中高度敏感个人信息与低度敏感个人信息的区别保护模式应继续坚持,高度敏感个人信息和低度敏感个人信息的既有数量标准不宜调整,高度敏感个人信息的既有种类不宜增加,高度敏感个人信息的司法认定应坚持实质标准从严慎重判断。《个人信息保护法》施行后,应在坚持刑法保护敏感个人信息的模式不变、力度不减的基础上,着力通过《个人信息保护法》等前置法的严格实施,增强敏感个人信息法律保护的整体效能。

新医科背景下基于主观能动性培养的教学改革与实践——以安徽中医药大学《中医骨伤科学》为例

新医科建设是国家对医学教育的新要求,也是提高高等教育质量的重要措施。新医科对中医专业、针灸推拿学等国家级一流专业《中医骨伤科学》教学提出更高的要求,要求牢固树立守正创新的教学理念,抓紧构建交叉学科的“新结构”,积极探索新医科建设的“新模式”。因此,本研究通过综合策略更新教学法,革新评估体系,培养创新中医人才,助力中医药复兴。

导师指导如何影响研究生科研能力?——基于有调节链式中介模型的实证分析

研究生作为科技创新的主力军,其科研能力水平的高低受到多种因素影响。研究基于西部高校500份调查问卷,构建了研究生科研能力影响的结构模型。研究发现,研究生的课程设置对个人知识具有显著的正向影响;个人知识和科研兴趣在课程设置对科研能力的作用中不仅具有单独的中介作用,还存在链式中介效应;导师指导在个人知识与科研兴趣链式中介关系中起到调节作用。基于此,研究认为高校应强化研究生个人知识和学术兴趣的内生动力,发挥导师在个人知识与学术兴趣间的导力作用,凸显课程设置的参与性和前沿性,促进研究生科研能力的提升。