Attitudes Toward People Who Stutter in the Chinese Context: An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Knowledge Sources

The public’s attitudes can affect the experience of stuttering of people who stutter.This study investigated the attitudes held by the public about people who stutter in China.A web-based written survey with closed and open-ended questions was implemented to develop a rich understanding.One hundred and two respondents in 26 provinces and 3 municipalities provided comments on people who stutter in their life aspects such as personality,speech,social life,work,life participation,education,dating and marriage,capability,and communication skills.The predominantly negative attitudes towards the overall domains were identified.Attitudes to people who stutter varied according to the different sources of knowledge.Familiarity with people who stutter might reduce stereotypes.However,knowledge from the media might aggravate stereotypes.Implications and future research orientation were also discussed.

Essence of Xi’s Book

THE second volume of President Xi Jinping＇s book on governance was published in both Chinese and English in November 2017. Since the publication of its first volume in September 2014 which collected Xi＇s works from November 15, 2012 to June 13, 2014, the book has received widespread atten- tion and praise from readers at home and abroad.

MMSE与CDR检测社区老年人认知障碍的有效性比较

目的比较两种常用的筛查量表——简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)在社区老年人中检测与阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关认知损害的敏感性和特异性。方法选取桂林市象山社区400名60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象,分别来用CDR和MMSE对研究对象及知情者进行测评,进行为期2年的随访,比较两种量表的初始筛查疑似率和判断疾病严重程度的差异。结果MMSE初始筛查疑似率(10.75%)高于CDR(5.50%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MMSE在记忆、计算和回忆能力评估中表现出优越性,而CDR则在社会活动与兴趣爱好等日常生活能力方面评估中具有优势,可考虑作为MMSE的补充,利于提高敏感性。轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的诊断率方面,MMSE阳性率(8.75%)高于CDR(4.75%)(P<0.05)。结论MMSE早期识别MCI的敏感度略高于CDR,两者联合取舍优缺点再进一步评估可减少漏诊,在早期筛查、预防和延缓AD方面具有重要的临床意义。

Comfortable Housing-the Essence of a People’s Livelihood-An Interview with Jampa Phuntsok,the Chairman of the Government of TAR

In the 1^(st) Session of the 9^(th) People's Congress of e Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR),held on nuary 22,2008,Mr.Jampa Phuntsok was again ted Chairman of the Tibetan Government.There is no doubt that the election outcome demonstrates once more that the population of over 2.8 million Tibetans ac- knowledges the achievements of the preceding leadership. Not surprisingly,in this five-year administrative

形上之路:“Una essentia-tres personae”——论奥古斯丁的三位一体上帝论的哲学建构

在奥古斯丁的《三位一体》出现以前,基督教哲学一直面临着这样的矛盾:按照三位一体的官方表述,上帝的本质和存在便不全等。因为如果上帝的本质是关联性的,则其本质便不是简质的,而上帝必是一种简质性存在。为解决这一难题,奥古斯丁创造了一种模态式的三一论,即三个位格可被理解为至一的三个模态。他抛弃了Ousis和Hypostasis的理论,而用位格(person)的概念将上帝的至一性解释为无可消解的关系性,其根本原则便是位格概念中体现出的本质和存在的统一。从而,父和子的至一性,不意味着父与子各自独立的简质性。对于任何一个位格的表述,都是在关联其他位格、关联整体的意义上讲的。

Analysis of the Positive Personalities of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind

Gone with the Wind,the masterpiece of the Margaret,M who has spent about ten years on writing this novel and it takes over half a year of her to verify the specific time and place of the involved historical event.Once the masterpiece is published on June 30,1936,it soon broke several records in sales of American publishing;later,it won the prize of Pulitzer and Association of American publishers.While the leading lady of this novel,Scarlett,become an object of admiration among thousands of people.What attract the readerséyes deeply is her unique origin,outstanding features and noble actions.In the meantime,the charming personality of Margaret's Scarlett has conquered us.She is strong to the difficulties;she is persistent to her love;and she is witty to her family.She is the strongest among the people who has endured the hardship as her no matter she has suffered from the war,the poor and leaving her family.What makes her be responsible to the Taylor Manor is her braveness.At the end of the story,she still tells us:tomorrow is another day! We admire her positive attitude to life,and this is why the female character can be everlasting.

Autism spectrum disorder and personality disorders: Comorbidity and differential diagnosis

BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis,comorbidities and overlaps with other psychiatric disorders are common among adults with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),but clinical assessments often omit screening for personality disorders(PD),which are especially common in individuals with high-functioning ASD where there is less need for support.AIM To summarize the research findings on PD in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability,focusing on comorbidity and differential diagnosis.METHODS PubMed searches were performed using the key words“Asperger’s Syndrome”,“Autism”,“Personality”,“Personality disorder”and“comorbidity”in order to identify relevant articles published in English.Grey literature was identified through searching Google Scholar.The literature reviews and reference sections of selected papers were also examined for additional potential studies.The search was restricted to studies published up to April 2020.This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.RESULTS The search found 22 studies carried out on ASD adults without intellectual disability that met the inclusion criteria:16 evaluated personality profiles or PD in ASD(comorbidity),five compared ASD and PD(differential diagnosis)and one performed both tasks.There were significant differences in the methodological Cluster A and cluster C PD are the most frequent co-occurring PD,but overlapping features should be considered.Data on differential diagnosis were only found with cluster A and cluster B PD.CONCLUSION ASD in high-functioning adults is associated with a distinct personality profile even if variability exists.Further studies are needed to explore the complex relationship between ASD and PD.

ZTE's ZXPCS10.0 Personal Wireless Communication System

As we know, the future generation com-munication system is on the way to bedigitalized, integrated, broadband, intel-ligent, standardized and customized, andthe personal wireless communication systemmeets the demands.ZTE’s personal wireless communicationsystem (ZXPCS) is based on the personalhandset system (PHS) and deployed in morethan 110 cities in China. It is working well andwidely accepted by the carriers, which makesgreat contributions to the local economy and

What Is the Personal Experience of IBD Patients about Their Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy?

AIM: To evaluate and compare the patients opinion on the two types of anti- TNF-α therapies in a Hungarian cohort of IBD patients. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, questionnaire-based observational study carried out in three Hungarian tertiary centres. From April to September 2014, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD), who have received infliximab (IFX) and/or adalimumab (ADA). The survey focused on the preferences of the two anti-TNF-α therapies on the basis of the efficacy, the administration routes and the side effects. RESULTS: 292 IBD patients, 216 CD, 75 UC and 1 indeterminate colitis patient completed the questionnaire. The mean duration of biological therapy was 1.7 (1 - 7) years. IFX treated patients noticed improvement of symptoms at 4 - 5 weeks while ADA treated patients noticed at 5 - 6 weeks. There was no difference between the patients’ satisfaction regarding the types of anti-TNF-α therapy if they received both. However, subcutaneous administration was preferred by ADA-treated patients previously receiving IFX (p = 0.007) compared to intravenous route and they did not intend to change the mode of therapy (p = 0.040). 90% of the patients, receiving only IFX or ADA were satisfied with their present therapy. The majority of patients (186/292, 63.7%) would not switch therapy. 63 of 291, 22% of the patients reported to have some concern with biological therapy—the majority (32/63, 50.8%) due to fear from side effects. CONCLUSION: Generally, patients preferred and would not change the present anti-TNF-α therapy, however, subcutaneous administration was preferred among those patients who had have experience with both.

Changes in Chinese People's Personal Incomes

Thegeneralsituationofpersonalincomesfrom1956to1978Itisnecessarytohaveknowledgeofthesituationofpersonalincomesfrom1956to1978beforewemakeasurveyofthepeople'sincomesatpresent.In1978Chinabeganintroducingthepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,thusus...

AR Display Method of a Person＇s Identifier near the Head on a Camera Screen Based on the GPS Information and Face Detection Using Ad hoc and P2P Networking

The spread of social media has increased contacts of members of communities on the lntemet. Members of these communities often use account names instead of real names. When they meet in the real world, they will find it useful to have a tool that enables them to associate the faces in fiont of them with the account names they know. This paper proposes a method that enables a person to identify the account name of the person （＂target＂） in front of him/her using a smartphone. The attendees to a meeting exchange their identifiers （i.e., the account name） and GPS information using smartphones. When the user points his/her smartphone towards a target, the target＇s identifier is displayed near the target＇s head on the camera screen using AR （augmented reality）. The position where the identifier is displayed is calculated from the differences in longitude and latitude between the user and the target and the azimuth direction of the target from the user. The target is identified based on this information, the face detection coordinates, and the distance between the two. The proposed method has been implemented using Android terminals, and identification accuracy has been examined through experiments.

Explanation of Academic Achievement Based on Personality Characteristics Psycho-Social Climate of the Classroom and Students’ Academic Engagement in Mathematics

This research explains academic achievement based on the personality characteristics, the psycho-social climate of the classroom in terms of academic engagement in mathematics. The population was high schoolboys and girls in Damghan city in Iran. Participants were randomly selected using a multi-stage cluster method (513 boys and girls) and they simultaneously completed three questionnaires: academic engagement, the psycho-social climate of the classroom and personality characteristics. Path analysis was used to analyze data. The results showed that the direct effects of personality characteristics and psycho-social climate of the classroom on academic achievement were not significant. The direct effects of openness, conscientiousness and psycho-social climate of classroom on academic engagement were significant. The indirect effects (with mediation of academic engagement) and overall effects of openness, conscientiousness and psycho-social climate of classroom on academic achievement were significant, also the effect of academic engagement on academic achievement was significant.

A Comparative Study on Obama's Speeches from the Perspective of Interpersonal Function

This paper attempts to conduct a comparative study on Obama’s two speeches—his second inaugural address and his commencement speech in The Ohio State University in 2013 based on Halliday’s theory of Interpersonal Function.The author finds that mood,modality and personal pronouns are the major language means used to realize the interpersonal function;in his two speeches,Obama makes different choices of those resources,and different choices indicate different attitudes and intentions.

The Public Law Construction of Government Agencies’Obligations to Disclose When Handling Personal Information in the Digital Age

The protection of personal information plays an extremely important role in the construction of digital government.The duty to inform is a prerequisite core obligation that the government should fulfill in processing personal information,a concrete expression of the right to self-determination of personal information,and a prerequisite for the right to protection of personal information that works as a fundamental right to defense the intrusion from the government,as well as a procedural regulatory tool to restrain the government’s information power and prevent the risk of infringement.As the rules on the processing of personal information and the duty to inform have both the nature of public law,the government’s processing of personal information is also public law in nature,especially because of the constitutional value and power control function of the duty to inform,the construction of a system for the duty to inform cannot be copied from the rules applicable to private subjects,but should be tailored to the public law characteristics of the government’s processing of personal information,overcoming the shortcomings of the current rough and fragmented legislation,and set up a systematic regulation based on the public law in term of the legal subject,procedure,content,consequences of obligation violations and legal protection.

Achievements in Safeguarding Disabled People's Rights——An Interview with Shen Zhifei,deputy general director of the China Disabled Persons' Federation

There are about 83 million disabled people in China, accounting for 6.34% of the total population, according to a national survey in 2006. As a disadvantaged group, the rights and interests of the disabled are arousing more concerns from all walks of society in the country. Following is Human Rights＇ interview with Shen Zhifei, deputy general director of the China Disabled Persons＇ Federation, on the legal guarantee of the special group＇s rights and interests, their rehabilitation, education and employment.

三重理解论:阅读教学过程本质探析

阅读教学深入发展需要对阅读以及阅读的教学本质展开深入追问。阅读是一个文本、读者和情境相互作用的解释学循环过程,阅读理解的本质是意义的“个性化同构”,它既强调阅读理解的个性化,又可以确保文本的原初意义与核心结构不被扭曲。个性化同构与教学“交往共识观”有着内在的精神契合,二者共同界定了阅读教学的本质:阅读教学是以意义生成为目的,教师和学生基于文本在互动对话中展开“个性化同构”,进而获得共识性理解的集体建构过程。基于这一理解,在阅读教学中师生需要经历三重理解循环,分别是师生个体性的理解、师生交互性的理解和师生、生生之间集体建构走向共识性理解。三重循环层层递进,让师生深度参与到阅读过程之中,在阅读中学会阅读,在阅读中生成素养、充盈生命。

补肾化痰法对Alzheimer′s病模型大鼠脑组织Gsk-3β活性的影响及作用机制

目的:观察补肾化痰法对AD模型大鼠GSK-3β活性的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法:应用脑立体定向技术给大鼠BNM注射凝聚态Aβ25-35+IBO构建AD模型。注射2周后,高、中、低量组分别给大鼠该药水煎液灌胃;西药组用哈伯因混悬液灌胃;正常组、空白组、模型组均给予等容积的生理盐水灌胃。28天后采用酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠脑组织GSK-3β活性。结果:模型组GSK-3β的表达较正常组均有显著性的提高(P<0.01)。给药后发现不但大鼠海马组织Tau蛋白异常磷酸化水平下降,高、中量组与模型组比较显著降低(P<0.01),与西药组也有差异(P<0.01);而且GSK-3β的表达亦明显低于模型组,尤以高量组的作用最明显,高、中、低量组存在一定量效关系(P<0.01)。结论:补肾化痰法可以可能通过抑制GSK-3β的活性,降低Tau蛋白异常磷酸化水平,从而发挥其抗老年性痴呆的作用。

Genetic predisposition to inflammation:a new risk factor of Alzheimer's disease

Inflammation has been shown to play an important role in the progression of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Recent epidemical study indicates that the incidence of AD in some populations is substantially influenced by the gene polymorphisms of the inflammation mediators. Meanwhile, an ensured risk factor, the ApoE ε4 allele is also reported to directly promote inflammation. Accordingly, it appears that an individual genetic background has partly determined his predisposition for AD by the extent of the inflammation response to the chronic stimulus by β-amyloid peptide （Aβ） deposits and other antigen stressor in the elderly. Hence we present a hypothesis that the inflammation genotypes may contribute to AD susceptibility. This may provide a new orientation both for future identification of individuals at risk and for personalized medication.

抑郁症患者与健康人脑功能S-ET的对照研究

目的寻求对抑郁症诊断的客观生物学指标,提高抑郁症的识别和诊断率。方法临床对照研究。结果抑郁症患者与正常人之间脑功能S-ET存在差异。结论脑功能S-ET可为抑郁症的诊断和疗效评价提供客观参考指标。

基于征税行为的A-S模型的探讨

自从税收产生之日,税收流失就与之形影相随,世界各国税收流失都很普遍,个人所得税流失也不例外,并且治理难度较大。个人所得税流失最直接的结果是国家财政收入的减少,进而影响国家职能的实现。对税收流失的影响因素进行一般理论分析的基本框架是1972年由阿林厄姆和桑德莫最先提出的预期效用最大化模型,即A-S模型。本文从传统A-S模型出发,在前人对模型扩展的基础上,利用数学中常用的函数y=e-x,建立一个基于征税角度的A-S模型,分析个人所得、税率、对偷逃税的罚款率以及征税人员的素质对偷逃税行为的影响,并根据分析结果,提出减少个人所得税流失的对策。