Why The Constitution Should Protect Personal Credit Information?——An Approach of Right Argumentation

Protecting personal credit information through constitutional rights is not only essemtial for individuals to defend against infringements on their personal credit information rights and interests by public power in the social credit system,but also a requirement for unified legislation on social credit to explore the basis for constitutional norms.In the era of the credit economy,personal credit information has become a vital resource for realizing personal autonomy.Along with the increase in the state’s supervision and control of personal credit,the realization of the autonomous value in the interests related to personal credit information has also set more obligations for the state.Therefore,interests related to personal credit information should be regarded as a constitutional right.Because of its significant economic interest and value,the right to personal credit information should be classified as a constitutional property right.As a constitutional property right,the right to personal credit information can not only help protect people’s economic interests,but also achieve the goal of safeguarding their personality interests.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Personal Credit Based on a Risk Management Model in the Background of Big Data

Between states, between enterprises and enterprises, between people, it can be stated that credit is full of every corner of our lives. But the current lack of social credit is fundamental. Credit risk is particularly prominent. In the extensive data generation today, the information on personal credit statistics is very large, but still lack the data system processing and screening. Through the information retrieval of 200 credit information reports, this paper constructs the evaluation system of personal credit by using the basic information of the individual. The basic information of these individuals has great convenience in information collection and information statistics, and this basic information covers all aspects that are likely to result in the breach of contract. Through the use of single factor analysis and logistic model to solve the index system, you can not only find the impact of individual indicators on the degree of personal credit, but also see the overall impact of indicators on the degree of credit, that is, the weight of the indicators. Finally, four different credit ratings are divided by assigning the indicators to the scores. Credit rating can clearly measure the respective credit situation. Through the classification of these levels, measuring the credit line when a person in the individual credit operation, at the same time, it can provide reference and proval to administrative departments, which is benefit for managing credit risks. It has a substantial meaning and value in use. The solution to the rating system cannot only be applied to individuals, but also to the enterprises, with a wide range of versatility.

Integrative therapy for personality disorders: Experiences in developing integrative approaches for treatment-refractory personality-disordered clients

Personality Disordered (herein referred to as PD) clients are challenging to statutory mental healthcare programmes. They can be difficult to diagnose: their disorders can be obscured by second-order problems such as anxiety and depression, caused by PD cognitive processes. Treatment-as-usual (the predominant model of psychiatric intervention) for PD clients in crisis tends to focus on these second-order presentations, but provide no means of identifying underlying PD. The purpose of this paper is to describe how heuristic methods of diagnosis can be used to reframe the client’s distress in the context of personality disorders (according to DSM-IV criteria), and how subsequent application of integrative therapies can break their cycle of recidivism. Method: Two case studies of treatment-refractory individuals with cyclical patterns of crisis-point service engagement for self-harm or psychotic depression where heuristic/ integrative therapies were used. Results: The use of integrative therapies in the case studies presented resulted in a marked change in recidivism and quality of life for each client, as measured by a significant reduction in presentation of symptoms and hypervigilance. Discussion: By understanding the maladaptive cognitive-behavioural processes of PD clients, they can be modified to reduce the client’s self-defeating behavioural patterns, breaking the cycle of recidivism. However, a new diagnostic strategy must first be formulated that looks at the clients past use of mental health services to detect underlying PD.

A new method of AHP applied to personal credit evaluation

This paper presents a new negative judgment matrix that combines the advantages of the reciprocal judgment matrix and the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix, and then puts forth the properties of this new matrix. In view of these properties, this paper derives a clear sequencing formula for the new negative judgment matrix, which improves the sequencing principle of AHP. Finally, this new method is applied to personal credit evaluation to show its advantages of conciseness and swiftness.

Research on Personal Credit Risk Assessment Model Based on Instance-Based Transfer Learning

Personal credit risk assessment is an important part of the development of financial enterprises. Big data credit investigation is an inevitable trend of personal credit risk assessment, but some data are missing and the amount of data is small, so it is difficult to train. At the same time, for different financial platforms, we need to use different models to train according to the characteristics of the current samples, which is time-consuming. In view of these two problems, this paper uses the idea of transfer learning to build a transferable personal credit risk model based on Instance-based Transfer Learning (Instance-based TL). The model balances the weight of the samples in the source domain, and migrates the existing large dataset samples to the target domain of small samples, and finds out the commonness between them. At the same time, we have done a lot of experiments on the selection of base learners, including traditional machine learning algorithms and ensemble learning algorithms, such as decision tree, logistic regression, xgboost and so on. The datasets are from P2P platform and bank, the results show that the AUC value of Instance-based TL is 24% higher than that of the traditional machine learning model, which fully proves that the model in this paper has good application value. The model’s evaluation uses AUC, prediction, recall, F1. These criteria prove that this model has good application value from many aspects. At present, we are trying to apply this model to more fields to improve the robustness and applicability of the model;on the other hand, we are trying to do more in-depth research on domain adaptation to enrich the model.

Web integration based on classification ontology

In order to eliminate semantic heterogeneity and implement semantic combination in web information integration, the classification ontology is introduced into web information integration. It constructs a standard classification ontology based on web-glossary by extracting classified structures of websites and building mappings between them in order to get unified views. Mapping is defined by calculating concept subordinate matching degrees, concept associate matching degrees and concept dominate matching degrees. A web information integration system is realized, which can effectively solve the problem of classification semantic heterogeneity and implement the integration of web information source and the personal configuration of users.

A Cuideto Personal Credit

The construction of a social credit system is a social systematic pro-ject.China’s social credit system includes four aspects:social credit sys-tem,credit management and service system,credit practices。

A low-cost personal navigation unit

For the purpose of positioning in various scenes, including indoors, on open road, and side street buildings, a low-cost personal navigation unit is put forward. The unit consists of a low-cost MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical system) accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer and a GPS(global positioning system) chip, and it is capable of switching modes between indoor and outdoor situations seamlessly. The outdoor mode is MIMU(MEMS-inertial measurement unit)/GPS/magnetometer integrated mode and the indoor mode is MIMU/magnetometer integrated mode. The outdoor algorithm uses the extended Kalman filter to fuse data and provide optimum parameters. The indoor algorithm is dead reckoning, which uses vertical and forward accelerations to judge steps and uses a magnetometer to define heading. The two-axis acceleration data is used to calculate the adaptive threshold and estimate the confidence value of the steps, and when the confidence of both two axes data meet the conditions, the steps can be detected in the adaptive time windows. The detection precision is more than 95%. An experiment was conducted in complex situations. The experiment participant wearing the unit walked about 1 600 m in the experiment. The results show that the positioning error is less than 0.2% of the total route distance.

我国社会信用体系建设面临的主要挑战及对策建议

党的十八大以来,国家高度重视社会信用体系建设,在一些基础领域和关键环节取得了重要进展,总体社会信用状况得到明显改善。然而,社会信用体系建设是一项长期且极为复杂的系统工程,目前仍面临着理论研究和法治建设滞后,社会信用体系建设的目标定位和功能边界不够清晰,商务征信体系不健全、企业账款拖欠严重,以及其他发展不平衡不充分等问题。建议在系统总结前期经验教训的基础上,加强理论研究,厘清认识和实践误区,进一步明确社会信用体系建设的目标定位和功能边界,加快推进信用立法,健全商务信用体系,破解企业账款拖欠难题,大力发展信用经济,并做好面向公众的宣传引导工作。

社会交互成本理论与社会信用法的法理重构

社会信用体系建设探索实践面对法治拷问,社会交互成本理论对社会信用法治之路将如何前行进行了回应。该理论通过揭示和描述社会信用机制的内在规律,对我国社会信用体系建设当前实践给出了学理解读。在社会交互成本理论看来,社会信用建设现有的法治探索经验显示,社会信用法在法律的调整对象等一系列方面已然显现新的特征,以“行为本位”为前提的法理思维已经无法涵括社会信用法领域出现的新的法律现象。在依据社会交互成本理论形成的法理观念看来,社会信用法的调整对象已不只是信用行为,而是信用行为习惯及其背后的社会关系;调整手段不只是国家的强制力,而是国家强力规制与社会自我管理有机融合;调整方式不再是单纯的负面惩戒,而是以正向调整鼓励守信为主。

“双元制”下职业教育学分银行的现实困境、发展方向与改进路径

职业教育学分银行建设是强化职业教育类型属性、推动技能型社会建设、打造国家资历框架的综合性项目,也是推动职普融通、产教融合、科教融汇的系统性工程。在职业教育与学术教育“双元制”育人范式下,职业教育学分银行还存在框架制度不完善、功能结构不健全、管理运行有滞碍、评估评价尚待改进等制约性因素,外部应用还存在机制、跨界、管理的时度效等制度性障碍。当前,必须明确学分银行未来建设发展的方向,致力打造成为教育与技术协同互动的桥梁纽带、职业教育高质量发展的统筹抓手、职业教育系统化改革的重要内容。因此,要以“双元制”范式为指引,建立学分银行的组织框架,健全学分银行的功能属性,创新学分银行管理模式,规范学分银行评价体系,真正推动职业教育学分银行赋能、提质、增效。

个人信用信息采集范围最小化原则之替代方案

被许多国家立法奉为个人信息收集行为基本准则的最小化原则,适用至个人征信领域会产生理论不适和现实弊端。三种优势互补的系统组合方案可以成为个人信用信息采集范围最小化原则替代之选:以绝对敏感信息为主要内容的负面清单制度,通过确定禁止采集的信用信息范围实现对信用主体核心权益的底线保护;相关性原则将最小化原则意涵中的直接相关性拓展至间接相关性,这使得相对敏感信息和替代数据能够有条件地进入个人征信系统;从采集最小化原则到使用最小化原则体现了“严进”向“严出”征信理念的转变,它要求个人征信机构和信用信息使用者做到“最少使用”和“最小侵害”。

基于逻辑回归的个人信用评分卡模型研究

构建有效的个人信用风险评价系统,用以应对潜在的个人信贷风险,这对金融行业和社会公众皆有重要的现实意义。文章首先对数据进行清洗、预处理,然后通过WOE编码分箱、IV值进行变量筛选,构建了逻辑回归模型并基于逻辑回归模型建立了个人信用评分卡模型,该模型可辅助决策者制定合理的授信政策、定价策略以及其他相关业务运营策略。

跨学科“双创”实验班人才培养模式探究

为探索跨学科融合创新创业实践人才的培养模式,成立了湘潭大学虚实交互机器人“双创”实验班。通过引入导师指导与学生自主管理相结合的模式创建创新创业教育实验班,为学生提供创新环境;通过不同专业的指导老师合作创建各方向技术前沿的实践课程体系对学生进行个性化培养,拓宽学生视野;通过协同不同专业的学生进行创新实践,培养学生团队精神和团队意识,逐步形成基本完善的跨学科“双创”实验班个性化人才培养模式。该模式的改革探索中培养了一批智能制造与控制、机器视觉、硬件电路设计、虚拟仪器等领域里的创新实践人才,对跨学科“双创”实验班个性化人才培养有一定的借鉴作用。

征信体系建设下个人信息保护的进路研究

目前,我国征信体系在社会多个领域实现了覆盖且仍在深入。为弥补“结果保护”理念引发的个人信息收集与共享泛化、个人信息处理规则透明度较低等缺陷,应引入“过程保护”理念,明晰个人征信信息收集、共享的范围,加强有关征信规则的有效应用。同时,要统筹个人征信与失信惩戒的体系建设,明晰个人征信信息侵权赔偿的认定标准,进而实现对个人信息的有效保护。

政务诚信建设脉络、经验及标准化探析

政务诚信是第一诚信,对其他社会主体诚信建设发挥着重要的表率和导向作用。本文首先对政务诚信的发展脉络进行梳理,对地方政务诚信发展现状进行分析,在此基础上对政务诚信标准化问题进行分析,从当下政策依据、现实需求、实践基础的角度,提出制定政务诚信评价国家标准的必要性以及标准研制的主要思路。

个人信用信息异议权保护研究

个人信用信息异议权在保障个人信用信息权益层面发挥着重要作用,但在个人信用信息异议权的立法中存在异议处理程序不完善、不良信息保存规则不合理、信息处理者事先告知义务缺失以及举证责任规定不一致等问题。为解决上述问题,应在结合我国实际情况的基础上借鉴域外有益经验,完善异议处理程序,细化异议处理机制,确保个人信息主体能够充分行使个人信用信息异议权。

重新认识“信用科技”

信用科技是推动信用经济和数字经济发展的新动力。金融信控界、信控服务业和信用理论界三个领域的专家学者对信用科技应包含的技术门类和技术边界存在着不同的认识,在技术门类方面三个领域之间存在着后者包含前者的关系。信用科技方法具有自然科学属性,却应用于市场经济和社会治理领域。其中的非接触式信用科技方法适用于解决经济社会的信用风险控制问题,在该领域我国的技术水平或能跟得上国际第一梯队;而接触式信用科技方法适用于对个人失信行为的预防和矫正,在该研究领域我国尚处于空白状况。鉴于目前信用科技在我国尚处于初级发展阶段,以国家实验室形式整合资源和推动技术进步应是可取之策。

足迹检验技术现状与发展

如何传承足迹检验技术优势与进一步提高该项技术的可靠性和科学性,一直是刑事技术工作者迫切需要解决的问题。通过对足迹检验技术的发展现状及问题进行深入剖析,关注人才梯队建设及管理激励机制,指出其专业理论在指导实践方面的滞后性,提出深化足迹基础理论体系研究,加强足迹的发现提取和特征识别技术以及深度挖掘特征信息,促进足迹检验技术与信息化等现代刑侦技术的相互融合,提高足迹检验技术的应用效率。

基于改进的随机森林—模糊积分模型的家庭农牧场信用评级研究

缓解融资难融资贵问题是实现家庭农牧场可持续发展的关键,而构建家庭农牧场信用评级体系是解决该难题的基础。针对家庭农牧场信用风险评估中样本数据指标多、噪声复杂、非线性乃至高维度等问题,以内蒙古自治区12个盟市500个家庭农牧场为信用评价对象,将XGBoost算法、随机森林算法、模糊积分模型进行组合,构建了改进的随机森林—模糊积分模型,对家庭农牧场进行信用评级。分析结果表明:运用改进的随机森林—模糊积分模型对家庭农牧场进行信用评级的准确率、精确率、召回率、F1分数更高。