Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being.By merely broadening the setpoint of indoor temperatures,we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning systems.In recent years,there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management(PTM),aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings,clothing,and skin.The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering.An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management(PRTM),which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation.However,it is less taken into account in traditional textiles,and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM.In this review,we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM.Specifically,we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms,fabrication methods of textiles,and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities,including radiative cooling,radiative heating,and dual-mode thermoregulation.Furthermore,we will shine a light on the current hurdles,propose potential strategies,and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.

Bifunctional Asymmetric Fabric with Tailored Thermal Conduction and Radiation for Personal Cooling and Warming

Personal thermal management is emerging as a promising strategy to provide thermal comfort for the human body while conserving energy.By improving control over the heat dissipating from the human body,personal thermal management can provide effective personal cooling and warming.Here,we propose a facile surface modification approach to tailor the thermal conduction and radiation properties based on commercially available fabrics,to realize better management of the whole heat transport pathway from the human body to the ambient.A bifunctional asymmetric fabric(BAF)offering both a cooling and a warming effect is demonstrated.Due to the advantages of roughness asymmetry and surface modification,the BAF demonstrates an effective cooling effect through enhanced heat conduction and radiation in the cooling mode;in the warming mode,heat dissipation along both routes is reduced for personal warming.As a result,a 4.6℃ skin temperature difference is measured between the cooling and warming BAF modes,indicating that the thermal comfort zone of the human body can be enlarged with one piece of BAF clothing.We expect this work to present new insights for the design of personal thermal management textiles as well as a novel solution for the facile modification of available fabrics for both personal cooling and warming.

基于蝶翅三级微纳米结构的定制光子工程辐射制冷纺织品

People could potentially mitigate heat discomfort when outdoors by combining passive radiative cooling(PRC)strategies with personal thermal management techniques.However,most current PRC materials lack wearing comfort and durability.In this study,a microarray technique is applied to fabricate the tailoring photonic-engineered textiles with intriguing PRC capability and appealing wearability.The developed radiative cooling textiles(RCTs)demonstrate appropriate air-moisture permeability,structural stability,and extended spectroscopic response with high sunlight reflectivity(91.7%)and robust heat emissivity(95.8%)through the atmospheric transparent spectral window(ATSW).In a hot outdoor cooling test,a skin simulator covered by the RCTs displays a temperature drop of approximately 4.4℃at noon compared with cotton textiles.The evolution of our mimetic structures may provide new insights into the generation of wearable,thermal-wet comfortable,and robust textiles for exploring PRC techniques in personal thermal management applications.

Robust,Breathable and Flexible Smart Textiles as Multifunctional Sensor and Heater for Personal Health Management

Smart textiles with high sensitivity and rapid response for various external stimuli have gained tremendous attentions in human healthcare monitoring,personal heat management,and wearable electronics.However,the current smart textiles only acquire desired signal passively,regularly lacking subsequent on-demand therapy actively.Herein,a robust,breathable,and flexible smart textiles as multi-function sensor and wearable heater for human health monitoring and gentle thermotherapy in real time is constructed.The composite fiber as strain sensor(CFY@PU)was fabricated via warping carbon fiber yarns(CFY)onto polyurethane fibers(PU),which endowed composite fiber with high conductivity,excellent sensitivity(GF=76.2),and fantastic dynamic durability(7500 cycles)in strain sensing.In addition,CFY@PU can detect various degrees of human movements such as elbow bending,swallowing and pulse,which can provide effective information for disease diagnosis.More surprisingly,weaving CFY@PU into a fabric can assemble highly sensitive pressure sensor for remote communication and information encryption.Warping CFY onto Kevlar would obtain temperature-sensitive composite fiber(CFY@Kevlar)as temperature sensor and wearable heater for on-demand thermotherapy,which provided unique opportunities in designing smart textiles with ultrahigh sensitivity,rapid response,and great dynamic durability.

High Solar Energy Absorption and Human Body Radiation Reflection Janus Textile for Personal Thermal Management

A large of energy consumption is required for indoor and outdoor personal heating to ameliorate the comfortable and healthy conditions.Main personal thermal management strategy is to reflect mid-infrared human body radiation for human surface temperature(THS)regulation.We demonstrate a visible Janus light absorbent/reflective air-layer fabric(Janus A/R fabric)that can passively reflect radiative heating meanwhile can actively capture the solar energy.A series of azobenzene derivatives functionalized with alkyl tails are reported to co-harvest the solar and phase-change energy.The THS covered by Janus A/R fabric can be heated up to~3.7°C higher than that covered by air-layer fabric in cold environment(5°C).Besides,integrating the thermo-and photo-chromic properties is capable of monitoring comfort THS and residue energy storage enthalpy,respectively.According to the colour monitors,intermittent irradiation approach is proposed to prolong comfortable-THS holding time for managing energy efficiently.

Domain ontology development of knowledge base in cardiovascular personalized health management

In China,cardiovascular disease has become the leading killer in recent years,and mortality from cardiovascular disease is continuing to rapidly increase.Extant medical research has proven that personal health management(prevention,intervention,and recuperation)of chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,is the best strategy for their prevention and treatment.Currently,the public can obtain health management knowledge through the Internet,newspapers,books,and other channels.However,with the explosive growth of available information,the public is limited to obtain effective health management guidance due to the characteristics of multiple sources,uneven accuracy(even some contradictory knowledge)and a major paucity of personalization,especially for the general public who lack professional medical knowledge.To address these problems,this paper proposes a knowledge base framework(i.e.domain ontology library)of health management programs based on the cardiovascular disease domain,which can standardize knowledge of health management programs both logically and structurally.In order to satisfy the needs of personalized health management,the core ontology of the domain ontology library is health-management-program ontology.In addition to common ontologies(e.g.disease ontology,drug ontology,etc.),basic ontologies include the ontology of individual health characteristics(e.g.individual-healthcharacteristics and environmental-characteristics ontology),and ontologies comprising diet and sport(e.g.ingredients,recipes,physical exercise,etc.).We then construct the ontology library through the professional ontology tool,Protégé.With a case study,we translate a piece of text health management knowledge into instances of an ontology library.At the same time,we present a personalized health management program recommendation algorithm based on the ontology library,and a recommendation case is realized according to this algorithm.As a basic research,the results of this paper can also support other health management applications in the future.

Personal Information Self-Management:A Survey of Technologies Supporting Administrative Services

This paper presents a survey of technologies for personal data self-management interfacing with administrative and territorial public service providers.It classifies a selection of scientific technologies into four categories of solutions:Personal Data Store(PDS),Identity Manager(IdM),Anonymous Certificate System and Access Control Delegation Architecture.Each category,along with its technological approach,is analyzed thanks to 18 identified functional criteria that encompass architectural and communication aspects,as well as user data lifecycle considerations.The originality of the survey is multifold.First,as far as we know,there is no such thorough survey covering such a panel of a dozen of existing solutions.Second,it is the first survey addressing Personally Identifiable Information(PII)management for both administrative and private service providers.Third,this paper achieves a functional comparison of solutions of very different technical natures.The outcome of this paper is the clear identification of functional gaps of each solution.As a result,this paper establishes the research directions to follow in order to fill these functional gaps.

A review of intensified conditioning of personal micro-environments:Moving closer to the human body

Various systems and technologies have been developed in recent years to fulfil the growing needs of high-performance HVAC systems with better performance of energy efficiency,thermal comfort,and occupancy health.Intensified conditioning of human occupied areas and less intensified conditioning of surrounding areas are able to effectively improve the overall satisfaction by individual control of personalized micro-environments and also,achieve maximum energy efficiency.Four main concepts have been identified chronologically through the devel-opment of personal environmental conditioning,changing the intensified conditioning area closer to the human body and enhancing conditioning efforts,namely the task ambient conditioning(TAC)system,personal envi-ronmental control system(PECS),personal comfort system(PCS),and the personal thermal management(PTM)system.This review follows a clue of the concept progress and system evaluation,summarizes important findings and feasible applications,current gaps as well as future research needs.

Autoimmune Hepatitis in the Asia-Pacific Area

Autoimmune hepatitis has been considered as a relatively rare immunological liver disease,especially in the Asia-Pacific area.Although the diagnosis criteria and immunosuppressive treatment regimens have been established,there are still some challenges.According to the different presentations,the personalized management of patients who suffer from this disease,including those with chronic or acute severe onset,the autoantibody-negative phenotype and cirrhosis are necessarily descriptive.Each subgroup of patients should receive an individualized therapy.Here,we review the recent studies of autoimmune hepatitis,mainly focusing on the epidemiology and genetics,personalized diagnostics,individualized treatment strategies,special subgroups and outcomes.Most of the research in the literature is based on Japanese and Chinese populations.