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Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)
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作者 Muhammad Asad Rashad Rasool Khan +6 位作者 Ahmed B.Aljuboory Muhammad Haroon URashid Uttam Kumar Inzamam Ul Haq Aqsa Hafeez Ahmed Noureldeen Khadiga Alharbi 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2023年第4期1161-1172,共12页
The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops.Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the b... The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops.Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the beneficial community and environment.Most importantly,the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to manage.Therefore,alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently required.The use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management program.To evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW,we selected six plant species(Lantana camara,Aloe vera,Azadirachta indica,Cymbopogon citratus,Nicotiana tabacum,and Ocimum basilicum)for initial screening experiment.Four out of six plant species such as A.indica,N.tabacum,C.citratus and O.basilicum showed promising mortality of more than 50%.Therefore,we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent experiments.Through contact bioassay,A.indica showed high mortality 66.63%,followed by the N.tabacum 53.33%,at 10%w/v concentration.Similarly,N.tabacum showed the highest mortality rate,66%at 10%w/v concentration,followed by the A.indica 46%through feeding bioassay.Furthermore,the feeding deterrence assay showed that C.citratus had a high antifeedant index(−50)followed by A.indica(−39),and N.tabacum(−28).In living plant assay,the N.tabacum extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by C.citratus 4.5 and A.indica 5.5.Hence,extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW,which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals,particularly for small landholding farmers.Further studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use. 展开更多
关键词 Bioassay methods feeding deterrence botanical pesticide pest management sustainable agriculture
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Effects of Selected Pesticidal Plants on Termites Affecting Maize Production in Arusha, Tanzania 被引量:1
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作者 Shaban James Patrick A. Ndakidemi Ernest R. Mbega 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2020年第3期510-527,共18页
Investigations under laboratory and field conditions were carried out with purpose of understanding the effects of pesticides of Cupressus lusitanica, Tephrosia vogelii, Eucalpytus dalrympleana, Lantana camara and Aza... Investigations under laboratory and field conditions were carried out with purpose of understanding the effects of pesticides of Cupressus lusitanica, Tephrosia vogelii, Eucalpytus dalrympleana, Lantana camara and Azadirachta indica in the control of termites which affect maize production in Arusha, Tanzania. Termites were collected before and during maize season of 2018 and identified at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) laboratory. A total of 5279 out of 5307 termite species identified belong to genus Macrotermes, 23 species to genus Odontotermes and 5 species were unknown. The results entailed that the area is rich in species of genus Macrotermes. Moreover, concentrations i.e. 5 g, 10 g and 20 g of each botanical were tested for Macrotermes spp. mortality and repellency ability in the laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results showed that 98.33% Macrotermes spp. mortality was caused by T. vogelii followed by 93.33% recorded from E. dalrympleana after 24 hours. Besides, C. lusitanica repelled Macrotermes spp. by 97% followed by 95% recorded from T. vogelii and E. dalrympleana each. For field trials, 20 g of each botanical was applied using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. The results obtained from field indicated that T. vogelii was more effective to protect maize with an average of 6 maize stands and 3.4 kg of dry total weight of maize grains next to positive control per plot. Also, average of 4 maize stands and 3 kg dry total weight of maize grains were recorded from treatments of E. dalrympleana and C. lusitanica each. Such results highlight the potential of developing bio-termiticides from T. vogelii, C. lusitanica and E. dalrympleana to control Macrotermes spp. 展开更多
关键词 Damage MORTALITY pesticidal Plants REPELLENCY TERMITES MAIZE
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The Potential of Using Indigenous Pesticidal Plants for Insect Pest Control to Small Scale Farmers in Africa
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作者 Angela G. Mkindi Kelvin M. Mtei +1 位作者 Karoli N. Njau Patrick A. Ndakidemi 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2015年第19期3164-3174,共11页
Pesticidal plants are scientifically proven for their effectiveness in controlling insect pests. Their activity is enhanced by active compounds contained, which are known for their repellant and antifeedant potentials... Pesticidal plants are scientifically proven for their effectiveness in controlling insect pests. Their activity is enhanced by active compounds contained, which are known for their repellant and antifeedant potentials to the insects. Use of pesticidal plants by local small scale farmers has been a point of concern following information that majority of farmers do not widely use pesticidal plants despite of an indigenous knowledge that they possess. Improvement of the technologies used by local farmers in previous times, that are easy and effective need to help farmers abstain from the use of synthetic pesticides that are detrimental to the environment and to their own health. This paper reviews the potentiality of pesticidal plants to small holder farmers. It also gives the status of pesticidal plants use, their possible effectiveness against insect pests, persistence as well as the knowledge that indigenous people possess in their use. Again, the paper suggests the need for more instrumental research on practical improvement of indigenous knowledge on the use of pesticidal plants with scientific evidences. 展开更多
关键词 INSECT PESTS pesticidal PLANTS Environment HEALTH Indigenous Knowledge
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Pesticidal Impact on the Protein Metabolism of Freshwater Field Crab, Oziotelphusa Senex Senex(Fabricius)
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作者 K. RADHAKRISHNAIAH B. SIVARAMAKRISHNA: A. SURESH AND P. CHAMUNDESWARI(Department of Zoology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,Anantopur 515 003, A. P, India) 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1995年第2期137-148,共12页
The total protein increased in the gills and decreased in the muscle of the freshwater field crab Oziotelphusa senex senex at days 1 and 2 on exposure to lethal concentrations and at days 1 and 10 to sublethal concent... The total protein increased in the gills and decreased in the muscle of the freshwater field crab Oziotelphusa senex senex at days 1 and 2 on exposure to lethal concentrations and at days 1 and 10 to sublethal concentrations of furadan, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and a mixture of these three in a 100:10: 1 ratio. The increase in the gill protein was greater on exposure to the sublethal concentrations than to the lethal concentrations while the decrease in the muscle protein was greater on exposure to the lethal concentrations than to the sublethal concentrations. In the hepatopancreas, the protein content decreased on exposure to the lethal concentrations, but, in contrast, increased on exposure to the sublethal concentrations. These results clearly indicate that changes in the protein content are not only organ-dependent but also concentration-dependent, i.e., lethal versus sublethal. Irrespective of the changes in the total protein, the levels of free amino acids and the activities of protease, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and glutamate dehydrogenase increased in all the three organs of the crabs exposed to the lethal and sublethal concentrations, (more in lethal than in sublethal) and increased at a greater rate over time of exposure. Ammonia toxicity, measured by an increase in the hemolymph ammonia and a decrease in the urea, was also observed at the lethal concentrations of all the three pesticides. The ammonia and urea levels increased in the crabs exposed to the sublethal concentrations. Although the effect of each pesticide on the protein metabolism was similar, the degree of toxicity was the lowest on exposure to furadan, intermediate on exposure to endosulfan and chlorpyrifos, and cumulative on exposure to a mixture of the three pesticides 展开更多
关键词 Oziotelphusa Senex Senex pesticidal Impact on the Protein Metabolism of Freshwater Field Crab Fabricius
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Potentials of Pesticidal Plants in Enhancing Diversity of Pollinators in Cropped Fields
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作者 Juliana Godifrey Ernest R. Mbega Patrick A. Ndakidemi 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2018年第13期2659-2675,共17页
Declines in populations of pollinators in agricultural based landscapes have raised a concern, which could be associated with various factors such as intensive farming systems like monocropping and the use of non-sele... Declines in populations of pollinators in agricultural based landscapes have raised a concern, which could be associated with various factors such as intensive farming systems like monocropping and the use of non-selective synthetic pesticides. Such practices are likely to remove beneficial non-crop plants around or nearby the cropped fields. This may in turn result into losses of pollinators due to loss of the natural habitats for insects therefore, interfering the interaction between beneficial insects and flowering crop plants. Initiatives to restore friendly habitats for pollinators require multidisciplinary approaches. One of these could be the use of pesticidal flowering plants as part of field margin plants with the aim of encouraging the population of pollinators whilst reducing the number of pests. Farmers should be fully engaged in the efforts of creating conducive environments to pollinators and be well equipped with the knowledge of proper habitats management strategies in agricultural fields. Developing appropriate conservation strategies to combat decline of pollinators is of high importance and thus there is a need to evaluate management practices, which potentially favour the populations of pollinators. Therefore, this review aims at unravelling available evidences on habitats manipulation options through provision of flowering plants along the field margins that have shown to increase plant biodiversity surrounding the cropped fields. It also summarizes the options for increasing plant biodiversity, which have improved habitats for the pollinating insects and beneficially boosting pollination services in agro-ecosystems. 展开更多
关键词 Beneficial INSECTS CROPPING OPTIONS Plant-Insects Interaction pesticidal Plants POLLINATORS
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Kinetic Modelling of Pesticidal Degradation and Micro-bial Growth in Soil 被引量:3
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作者 LIUDUO-SEN WANGZONG-SHENG 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1994年第1期11-18,共8页
This paper discusses such models for the degradation kinetics of pesticides in soil as the model expressingthe degradation rate as a function of two variables: the pesticide concentration and the number of pesticide-d... This paper discusses such models for the degradation kinetics of pesticides in soil as the model expressingthe degradation rate as a function of two variables: the pesticide concentration and the number of pesticide-degrading microorganisms, the model expressing the pesticide concentration as an explicit or implicit functionof time, and the model expressing the pesticide loss rate constants as functions of temperature. These modelsmay interpret the degradation curves with an inflection point . A kinetic model describing the growth processesof microbial populations in a closed system is reported as well. 展开更多
关键词 DEGRADATION microbial growth modelling pesticide
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Potential of Indigenous Pesticidal Plants in the Control of Field and Post-Harvest Arthropod Pests in Bambara Groundnuts (<i>Vigna subterranea</i>(L.) Verdc.) in Africa: A Review
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作者 Nicodemus S. Tlankka Ernest R. Mbega Patrick A. Ndakidemi 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2020年第5期745-772,共28页
Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important leguminous crop native in Africa and is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious grains. However, bambara groundnuts production is constrained by m... Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important leguminous crop native in Africa and is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious grains. However, bambara groundnuts production is constrained by many insect pests including aphids (Aphids sp.), leaf hopers (Hilda patruelis), foliage beetles (Ootheca mutabilis), pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis), red spider mites (Tetrunychus sp.), groundnut jassids in the field and bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus, and Callosobruchus subinnotatus) in the storage. Smallholder farmers usually apply synthetic pesticides to control those insect pests. However, synthetic pesticides are potentially harmful to the environment, non-targeted animals and human’s health. Pesticidal plants such as B. pilosa, L. camara, T. vogelii, V. amygdalina, L. javanica, T. diversifolia, and C. dichogamus which are available in most parts of Africa where the crop is cultivated, possess bioactive chemicals which have insecticidal properties and have been revealed to be potential in the control of field and storage insect pests. Therefore, they can be used as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Bambara groundnuts being one of the neglected crops, the insects affecting the crop have not been well explored in terms of their abundance and damage they cause to the crop in the field and on storage. Thus, in this review, the common arthropod pests of the bambara groundnuts and the potential of the bioactive compounds from the common plants with pesticidal properties have been described. It is recommended that the potential of these pesticidal plants to be investigated on bambara groundnut pests control on the field and on storage to optimize their use by smallholder farmers in insect control to reduce dependence on synthetic pesticides. 展开更多
关键词 NEGLECTED Crop Synthetic PESTICIDES Bioactive Compounds INSECTICIDAL Properties
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Correction:Making the Complicated Simple:A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides
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作者 Wenjie Shangguan Qiliang Huang +6 位作者 Huiping Chen Yingying Zheng Pengyue Zhao Chong Cao Manli Yu Yongsong Cao Lidong Cao 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期174-176,共3页
The Nano-Micro Letters(2024)16:193,article by Shangguan et al.,entitled“Making the Complicated Simple:A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides”(Nano-Micro Lett.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01... The Nano-Micro Letters(2024)16:193,article by Shangguan et al.,entitled“Making the Complicated Simple:A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides”(Nano-Micro Lett.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01413-5),was published online on 14 May,2024,with errors.The structural formulas and captions of the three acyl chlorides in Fig.3A were wrong.They should be as shown below. 展开更多
关键词 PESTICIDES FORMULAS structural
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Coordination of distinctive pesticide adjuvants and atomization nozzles on droplet spectrum evolution for spatial drift reduction
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作者 Shidong Xue Jingkun Han +3 位作者 Xi Xi Zhong Lan Rongfu Wen Xuehu Ma 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期250-262,共13页
Pesticide adjuvants,as crop protection products,have been widely used to reduce drift loss and improve utilization efficiency by regulating droplet spectrum.However,the coordinated regulation mechanisms of adjuvants a... Pesticide adjuvants,as crop protection products,have been widely used to reduce drift loss and improve utilization efficiency by regulating droplet spectrum.However,the coordinated regulation mechanisms of adjuvants and nozzles on droplet spectrum remain unclear.Here,we established the relationship between droplet spectrum evolution and liquid atomization by investigating the typical characteristics of droplet diameter distribution near the nozzle.Based on this,the regulation mechanisms of distinctive pesticide adjuvants on droplet spectrum were clarified,and the corresponding drift reduction performances were quantitively evaluated by wind tunnel experiments.It shows that the droplet diameter firstly shifts to the smaller due to the liquid sheet breakup and then prefers to increase caused by droplet interactions.Reducing the surface tension of sprayed liquid facilitates the uniform liquid breakup and increasing the viscosity inhibits the liquid deformation,which prolong the atomization process and effectively improve the droplet spectrum.As a result,the drift losses of flat-fan and hollow cone nozzles are reduced by about 50%after adding organosilicon and vegetable oil adjuvants.By contrast,the air induction nozzle shows a superior anti-drift ability,regardless of distinctive adjuvants.Our findings provide insights into rational adjuvant design and nozzle selection in the field application. 展开更多
关键词 Pesticide drift Spray droplets Particle size distribution Spray atomization Transport processes ADJUVANTS
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On-site rapid detection of multiple pesticide residues in tea leaves by lateral flow immunoassay
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作者 Junxia Gao Tianyi Zhang +7 位作者 Yihua Fang Ying Zhao Mei Yang Li Zhao Ye Li Jun Huang Guonian Zhu Yirong Guo 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期276-283,共8页
The application of pesticides (mostly insecticides and fungicides) during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea. Thus, it is necessary to ascertain whether pe... The application of pesticides (mostly insecticides and fungicides) during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea. Thus, it is necessary to ascertain whether pesticide residues in tea products exceed the maximum residue limits. However, the complex matrices present in tea samples comprise a major challenge in the analytical detection of pesticide residues. In this study, nine types of lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (LFICSs) were developed to detect the pesticides of interest (fenpropathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and iprodione). To reduce the interference of tea substrates on the assay sensitivity, the pretreatment conditions for tea samples, including the extraction solvent, extraction time, and purification agent, were optimized for the simultaneous detection of these pesticides. The entire testing procedure (including pretreatment and detection) could be completed within 30 min. The detected results of authentic tea samples were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), which suggest that the LFICS coupled with sample rapid pretreatment can be used for on-site rapid screening of the target pesticide in tea products prior to their market release. 展开更多
关键词 Lateral flow immunoassay Rapid detection Pesticide multi-residue Tea matrix Sample rapid pretreatment
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Paradoxical systemic toxicity by inhaled paraquat poisoning: A case report
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作者 Tulika Garg Jaspreet Kaur Yuvraj Singh Cheema 《Journal of Acute Disease》 2024年第1期40-42,I0001-I0005,共8页
Rationale:Multi-organ failure is a symptom of paraquat poisoning,resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates.Though paraquat is widely available,poisoning through inhalation is rare.Patient’s Concern:A 37-year-ol... Rationale:Multi-organ failure is a symptom of paraquat poisoning,resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates.Though paraquat is widely available,poisoning through inhalation is rare.Patient’s Concern:A 37-year-old male reported to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting after an alleged history of inhalation of paraquat while at work.Diagnosis:Paraquat poisoning.Interventions:Supportive management along with multiple sessions of hemodialysis.Outcomes:Renal complications caused by paraquat were improved after multiple sessions of hemodialysis.However,the patient developed respiratory complications and later due to persistent hypoxemia and non-responsive to supportive therapy,he succumbed to his illness.Lessons:Acute kidney injury is a complication of paraquat poisoning.However,kidney involvement with the inhalational mode is rare.It is caused by reduction and oxidation cycles,as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species,necessitating hemodialysis as the treatment.Without a clear history,a specific clinical trait,or a diagnostic test,diagnosis can be difficult.Our case thus highlights the inhaled paraquat poisoning,presenting with acute kidney injury with late respiratory impairment as a consequence. 展开更多
关键词 Paraquat poisoning PESTICIDE Acute kidney injury Respiratory insufficiency HEMODIALYSIS
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Sensitivity of Commercial Enzyme Inhibition Colorimetric Pesticide Residue Rapid Test Kit to a Variety of Pesticides
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作者 Junxia LUO Qianqian ZHAO +4 位作者 Lumei DUAN Yanzhen LI Huifang QIAO Zhipei DOU Jianbo ZHAO 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第5期29-32,共4页
[Objectives]To fully understand the quality of commercial enzyme inhibition-colorimetric pesticide residue rapid detection kits,so that they can play a greater role in the detection and supervision of agricultural pro... [Objectives]To fully understand the quality of commercial enzyme inhibition-colorimetric pesticide residue rapid detection kits,so that they can play a greater role in the detection and supervision of agricultural products.[Methods]The sensitivity of 28 kinds of pesticides was determined by using the commercially available enzyme inhibition colorimetric rapid detection kit with Hendu brand.[Results]There was a significant difference in the sensitivity of the kit to each pesticide,and the kit was more sensitive to dichlorvos among the 28 pesticides tested.The sensitivity to methyl isosalifos,dimethoate,isocarbophos,fenthion and phorate was poor,and the sensitivity to quinalphos was different between 3.0 and 2.5 mL.[Conclusions]The large difference of the sensitivity of the enzyme inhibition-colorimetric rapid detection kit for pesticide residues to different kits is a reason for the false positive and false negative test results of the kit,which needs to be considered by relevant personnel. 展开更多
关键词 Enzyme inhibition-colorimetry Reagent kit PESTICIDE Inhibition rate Sensitivity
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Resistance Monitoring of Field Populations of Panonychus citri to Three Pesticides
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作者 Yang HAN Tingmi YANG 《Plant Diseases and Pests》 2024年第2期4-8,共5页
[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the development of Panonychus citri resistance to commonly used pesticides in major citrus producing areas in China,and to screen out new green and efficient agents for its con... [Objectives]The paper was to investigate the development of Panonychus citri resistance to commonly used pesticides in major citrus producing areas in China,and to screen out new green and efficient agents for its control and prevention.[Methods]The resistance changes of field populations of P.citri to abamectin,pyridaben,and bifenazate in 12 locations across five provinces in China were compared using the leaf disc impregnation method.[Results]P.citri in the tested areas exhibited the most severe resistance to abamectin,with approximately 91.7%of the field populations showing high levels of resistance to abamectin(112.1-560.5 times);50%of P.citri populations exhibited high levels of resistance to pyridaben(123.0-202.7 times),while the remaining populations showed intermediate levels of resistance(25.6-80.3 times);except for the Zhejiang Xiangshan 2019 and Jiangxi Yudu 2019 populations,which exhibited a medium level of resistance to bifenazate,the remaining 10 monitored populations demonstrated a high level of resistance to bifenazate(140.4-686.1 times).[Conclusions]It is advisable to discontinue the use of abamectin and bifenazate due to significant resistance observed in populations of P.citri monitored in 12 locations across 5 provinces.It is recommended to reduce the frequency of pyridaben use and alternate with other acaricides that have different mechanisms of action due to the varying degrees of resistance developed. 展开更多
关键词 Panonychus citri RESISTANCE PESTICIDE Biological activity
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Research Progress of QuEChERS Pretreatment Technique in the Detection of Multiple Pesticide Residues
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作者 Bo LIU Dawei WANG +3 位作者 Yuhang GUO Xuehua WANG Lei WANG Yajuan SONG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 2024年第2期10-11,37,共3页
The QuEChERS extraction technique is a pretreatment technique that has been rapidly applied in recent years and is widely used in the field of pesticide residues with many advantages. This technique is based on solid ... The QuEChERS extraction technique is a pretreatment technique that has been rapidly applied in recent years and is widely used in the field of pesticide residues with many advantages. This technique is based on solid phase extraction (SPE), which uses the interaction between adsorbent and impurities in the matrix to achieve the purpose of purification. The method has easier operation and better purification effect than SPE. In this paper, the research progress of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in different fields in recent years and its future development were reviewed, hoping to provide reference for further development and utilization of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in the future. 展开更多
关键词 QUECHERS PRETREATMENT Pesticide residues Research progress
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Determination of 14 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Mutton by Gel Permeation Chromatography-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GPC-GC-MS)
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作者 Junpeng ZHAO Richard Avoi +2 位作者 Azman Bin Atil@Azmi Jiao CHEN Ling YUN 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 2024年第3期28-30,33,共4页
[Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ga... [Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in selective ion scanning mode(SIM).[Results]The organophosphorus pesticide standard solutions showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0μg/ml with correlation coefficients(r)not lower than 0.999,and the detection limits(S=3 N)ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg.The average recovery values were in the range of 80.2%-99.7%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=3)in the range of 1.8%-6.3%,at the addition levels of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg.[Conclusions]The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in mutton. 展开更多
关键词 MUTTON Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Gel permeation chromatography ORGANOPHOSPHORUS Pesticide residue
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Research Progress on Detection Techniques of Fungicide Residues in Chinese Chives
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作者 Xiuying CHEN Zhe MENG +5 位作者 Chen DING Huihui LIU Yancheng ZHOU Jinlu LI Yanhua YAN Lei WANG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 2024年第1期43-48,共6页
Chinese chive is a kind of medicinal and edible plant,with many diseases,and chemical fungicides are usually used for control.In order to find out the risk of pesticide residues in Chinese chives,this paper summarized... Chinese chive is a kind of medicinal and edible plant,with many diseases,and chemical fungicides are usually used for control.In order to find out the risk of pesticide residues in Chinese chives,this paper summarized relevant literatures published in recent years,and sorted out and analyzed the types of pesticides used and detection techniques of common diseases in Chinese chives. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese chive Pesticide residues FUNGICIDE Detection technique
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Cholinesterase Activity as an Indicator of Health Risks among Kou Valley Farmers
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作者 Thiombiano Cherileila Hien S. Aristide +5 位作者 Koevi Nadège Bayili Bazoma Ouattara Abdoulaye Traore Patrice Traore T. Isidore Hien Herve 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2024年第7期71-86,共16页
Introduction: Pesticides are currently an essential component of agricultural production techniques for controlling pests and weeds. In Burkina Faso, non-compliance with good practice in the use of pesticides poses a ... Introduction: Pesticides are currently an essential component of agricultural production techniques for controlling pests and weeds. In Burkina Faso, non-compliance with good practice in the use of pesticides poses a real health problem for the population. This study examines the health risks associated with pesticide management in rice-growing areas. Material and Methods: A field survey was conducted in Bama, involving farmers, focusing on their socio-demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and health effects. Cholinesterase levels were measured in subsample of farmers using a portable device. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, calculating means and percentages for various practices. Health consultations, protection methods, and pesticide management were studied. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was compared before and after treatment. Data were categorised into classes based on inhibition levels, and correlation analyses determined relationships between variables such as age, years of experience, and cholinesterase activity. Results: The results indicate that rice cultivation is mainly carried out by a fairly young population, with nearly 63% being under the age of 50. Common poor practices in pesticide use include improper storage and reuse of leftover pesticides. Seven types of pesticides were identified, including organophosphates such as glyphosate, which was used in 26.7% of cases. This organophosphate has resulted in class B poisoning, causing a 30% - 50% reduction in erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. The health effects of pesticide use are felt by agricultural farmers through various symptoms of poisoning. Conclusion: To reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, it is essential to launch information and awareness campaigns among the population and farmers to promote safe practices in pesticide use in Bama, Burkina Faso. 展开更多
关键词 PESTICIDES ENVIRONMENTAL Sanitary Risk ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FARMERS Bama Burkina Faso
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The Role of Abdominal CT in the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Gastric Lavage after Pesticide Poisoning
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作者 Minghui Gong Zhengdong Wan 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2024年第5期293-299,共7页
Pesticide poisoning is one of the most common diseases in the emergency department, characterized by rapid changes in condition, a high misdiagnosis rate, and a poor prognosis. Measures for early removal of poisons ar... Pesticide poisoning is one of the most common diseases in the emergency department, characterized by rapid changes in condition, a high misdiagnosis rate, and a poor prognosis. Measures for early removal of poisons are crucial, and gastric lavage is one of the important measures. Regarding the post-gastric lavage effect, abdominal CT scanning has an important application value in the assessment of the gastric lavage effect after pesticide poisoning. 展开更多
关键词 Abdominal CT Gastric Lavage Pesticide Poisoning ASSESSMENT
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Evaluation of Agricultural Contamination Level by Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediments of Rivers and Water Bodies for Shrimp Fishing in the Lower Ouémé: Case of the Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele Stations in Benin
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作者 Souradjou Orou Goura Fadéby Modeste Gouissi +3 位作者 Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou Nonvignon Martial Fassinou 《Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry》 CAS 2024年第2期25-46,共22页
This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochl... This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations. 展开更多
关键词 PESTICIDES Heavy Metals SEDIMENTS Shrimp Fishing Area Lower Ouémé
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Agricultural Contamination of the Surface Waters of the Upper Ouémé in Benin: The Case of Heavy Metals and Pesticides
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作者 Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Nonvignon Martial Fassinou +5 位作者 Fadéby Modeste Gouissi Zoulkanerou Orou Piami Dossou Armel Géraldo Houndeton Souradjou Orou Goura Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2024年第1期83-99,共17页
Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. Method: To this end, data were collected in December 2022 from four specific samp... Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. Method: To this end, data were collected in December 2022 from four specific sampling stations: Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro. Levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead, were measured and subjected to in-depth statistical analysis using graphical summation models. In addition, the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients present in the samples were interpreted and evaluated. The statistical data collected during this study were processed using R software, version 3.5.0. Results: The values obtained at the different stations Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro are respectively Arsenic (2 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L;2.2 × 10<sup>-1</sup> mg/L;1.2 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L;2 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L), Cadmium (4.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup> mg/L;1.1 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/L;10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L;4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L). Then Copper (7 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L;3 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mg/L;7 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L;1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L), Iron (1.51 mg/L;6.4 × 10<sup>-1</sup> mg/L;2.0012 mg/L;2.9 × 10<sup>-1</sup> mg/L), Lead (0 mg/L;0 mg/L;1.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mg/L;1.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mg/L). Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead) were all below the guideline standards set by the WHO in 2006 for uncontaminated surface waters. This indicates that the surface waters of the Upper Ouémé were below acceptable contamination thresholds in terms of heavy metals. However, the presence of pesticide active ingredients such as cyfluthrin, endosulfan-alpha, endosulfan-beta, profenosfos, tihan, atrazine, gala super and glycel clearly indicates that these surface waters are subject to agricultural contamination. 展开更多
关键词 Agricultural Contamination Heavy Metals PESTICIDES Surface Water North Benin
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