宠物犬对“空巢父母”身心健康影响的研究

采用量表法以642个成年人为被试研究了是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬和身心健康之间的关系。差异检验表明,饲养宠物犬的空巢父母身体更健康,一年内就医次数更少、生活满意感更高。相关分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬与身心健康显著相关。回归分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬对就医次数和生活满意感有较好预测作用。

宠物犬的社会支持作用机制

目的:考察饲养宠物犬、依恋宠物犬的社会支持作用机制。方法:本文为横断面研究,使用问卷法,采取阶段随机抽样,对在北京城八区中随机抽取的4个区中的321名饲养宠物犬和418名不饲养任何宠物的40岁及以上的受试进行调查。结果:(1)饲养宠物犬对身体健康、生活满意感具有显著影响,相对于不饲养宠物的受试,饲养宠物犬的受试身体更健康(β=0.074;P<0.05)、生活满意感更高(β=0.110;P<0.01)。(2)饲养宠物犬会改变最近生活事件对身体健康的影响,但不会改变最近生活事件对生活满意感的影响(Z=2.59;P<0.01)。(3)依恋宠物犬对生活满意感具有显著影响(β=-0.198;P<0.01),对宠物犬越依恋的受试,生活满意感越高。结论:饲养宠物犬的社会支持主效应及社会支持缓冲作用显著,表现为其对最近生活事件和身体健康的调节效应显著;依恋宠物犬的社会支持主效应显著,但缓冲作用不显著。

宠物饲养与6～7岁德国儿童哮喘关系分析

目的 分析宠物饲养与儿童哮喘的关系。方法 以2000-2002年德国Wilhelmshaven镇和Delmenhorst镇小学入学儿童为研究对象；调查问卷采用国际儿童哮喘与过敏性疾病研究第一阶段问卷中的核心问题；宠物饲养与儿童哮喘的关系主要采用Logistic回归分析。结果 养狗对阴性过敏性疾病家族史的儿童哮喘有保护作用；家中养猫与儿童哮喘无显著相关性；养鸟对阳性过敏性疾病家族史的儿童哮喘可能有保护作用。过敏性疾病家族史在本组数据中为非宠物饲养的混杂因素。不同家族史对宠物饲养与儿童哮喘关系有不同的影响。结论 宠物饲养对儿童哮喘并无明显负面影响。家中养狗对儿童哮喘有保护作用，尤其对阴性过敏性疾病家族史的儿童；养狗与儿童哮喘的OR呈显著性负相关。

Personalities and health in older cat and dog owners: A HUNT-study

The aim of this population study was to identify personality traits among older (>65 years) male and female owners of cats and dogs and to compare their general health status in relation to their personality. Further, the aim was to examine whether current cat and dog ownership could be predicted by the owners’ personality and health. Data were collected from the North-Tr&#248ndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway. Included were a total of 1897 cat or dog owners between the ages of 65 years and 101 years. The results showed that there were a higher proportion of introverted male cat owners than extraverted ones. Moreover, a majority of women with cats reported that their health was not good. Furthermore, female cat owners who displayed higher scores on neurotic traits experienced significantly poorer health compared to those female cat owners that experienced good health. The same was true for female cat owners who considered themselves to be introverted. Neither personality nor health could predict pet-ownership, but it was more likely for older individuals (80-101 years) to own a cat than a dog. This study has shown that human personality is associated with cat and dog ownership, but there are other factors connected with pet ownership as well.

被动吸烟与家养宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状影响

目的探讨被动吸烟与家养宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应。方法采用整群随机抽样方法在广西百色市随机抽取6所小学,采用国际统一的标准问卷美国胸腔协会(ATS)调查表对所选学校的所有儿童进行有关被动吸烟、饲养宠物以及哮喘及哮喘样症状等情况调查。结果广西百色市3 473名儿童中,持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患的发生率分别为11.52%(400/3 473)、6.68%(232/3 473)、7.63%(265/3 473)、2.04%(71/3 473)、4.15%(144/3 473),17.71%(615/3 473)的儿童目前家中饲养宠物,目前暴露环境烟雾的比率高达39.48%(1 371/3 473);在调整了儿童的年龄、性别、父母文化程度等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明,与既不被动吸烟又不家养宠物的儿童比较,单纯暴露被动吸烟或家养宠物可使儿童患有持续咳嗽的风险分别增高28%(OR=1.28,95%CI=0.98～1.66)和8%(OR=1.08,95%CI=0.73～1.61),而同时暴露于这2个因素使儿童患有持续咳嗽的危险性增加155%(OR=2.55,95%CI=1.85～3.51);暴露于被动吸烟和家养宠物对儿童持续咳嗽影响的交互效应有统计学意义(χ2=5.50,P=0.019),但对哮喘及其他哮喘样症状影响的交互效应均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论被动吸烟与家养宠物均可增加儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的风险,且两者对儿童持续咳嗽的影响存在明显交互效应。