Although the biological system is a combination of different chemical processes,many of the mechanisms can not be explained by general chemical processes.Therefore,as a driving force of biological system,a distinct en...Although the biological system is a combination of different chemical processes,many of the mechanisms can not be explained by general chemical processes.Therefore,as a driving force of biological system,a distinct entity called'vital force'can be imagined.But this is not essential to explain homeopathy.From the analysis of different phenomena it apparent that biological system has a tendency to maintain a balanced state.Such a good example is catch-up growth.A stimulus is required to disrupt the balance.This stimulus must enter the body from outside or in case of disease it must arise from within inside.This is the primary stimulus.Infection,chronic poisoning,etc.help the expression of the internal stimulus.These are secondary stimulus.The active dose of similar drug acts on the terminal site of the disease process.This causes the actual reversal of the disease process.Allopathic dissimilar drugs act on different stages of the disease process and alter the course of the disease process.The effect of allopathic drugs does not destroy the effect of disease and compete with the effect of the disease.Potentized homeopathic remedies neutralize the effect of disease but do not alter the course of the disease.As a result,either symptoms of the disease are neutralized or the disease process is accelerated.Different other phenomena support that the property of the potentized remedy is not similar to the original substance.It is a new property which is negative pharmacological property.展开更多
Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin ...Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Napoleonaea</span></i><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i>vogelii</...<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Napoleonaea</span></i><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i>vogelii</i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, Lecythidaceae family is a tropical evergreen shrub widely distributed in the coastal regions of West African countries including Benin. It is a medicinal plant whose leaves and bark are of great utility in traditional medicine. Despite its importance, it is little used in ethnoveterinary medicine and its pharmacological basis in this field and especially in the treatment of parasitic diseases caused by <i>Haemonchus</i><span> <i>contortus</i></span> is very little documented. This review aims to synthesise existing data on the chemical composition, pharmacological and zootechnical usefulness of <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> and to identify the gaps of these works in order to propose research perspectives. Google Scholar database was used to gather the majority of useful information available on <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i>. </span>The results showed that of the 23 publications included in the present study, 60.87% dealt distinctly with the pharmacological properties of <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span>. These properties include anthelmintic, antidiabetic, wound healing, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties and <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> contains many secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides which give it its pharmacological properties. The Correspondence Factor Analysis performed for the variables extracts and chemical compounds showed that the presence of a given chemical compound is not dependent on the type of extract. This work has gathered information on <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> and found that the species has powerful therapeutic potentials but very little use in traditional veterinary medicine. More research is needed on this plant to make available ethnoveterinary pharmacological data to enable proper use in the treatment of animal diseases in general and gastrointestinal parasitosis of small ruminants in particular.</span></span></span>展开更多
Medicinal plants are widely employed for healing reasons in many native systems of medicine and are becoming increasingly popular in modern culture as alternatives to manufactured medications.The current study is a de...Medicinal plants are widely employed for healing reasons in many native systems of medicine and are becoming increasingly popular in modern culture as alternatives to manufactured medications.The current study is a descriptive review in which papers were searched from several databases such as Springer,Wiley,Taylor and Francis,Elsevier,etc.It is time to rethink the way we improve our immune systems and seek evidence-based treatments that best use plant-based medicines to benefit patients.Bioactive principles are responsible for medicinal plants’therapeutic actions and give limitless chances for novel drug leads because of their exceptional availability of chemical variety.The chemical characteristics of the included bioactive components determine whether standardized plant extracts are beneficial or poisonous.A summary of research papers on plants such as garlic,aloe vera,stinging nettle,saffron,clove,holy basil,turmeric,cinnamon,giloe,liquorice,and aloe vera having bioactive molecules and cures for several diseases such as influenza virus,gastrointestinal cancer neurodegenerative disorder,cardiovascular diseases,urinary disorder,diabetes,skin disease,obesity,and respiratory disorder is included in this overview.展开更多
Ganoderma lucidum is a Chinese medicinal fungus with a long history of use in healthcare and disease treatment.G.lucidum spores(GLS)are tiny germ cells released from the mushroom cap during the mature stage of growth....Ganoderma lucidum is a Chinese medicinal fungus with a long history of use in healthcare and disease treatment.G.lucidum spores(GLS)are tiny germ cells released from the mushroom cap during the mature stage of growth.They contain all the genetic active substances of G.lucidum.G.lucidum spore oil(GLSO)is a lipid component extracted from broken-walled Ganoderma spores using supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology.GLSO contains fatty acids,Ganoderma triterpenes,sterols and other bioactive compounds.Previous studies have demonstrated that GLSO has a wide range of pharmacological properties,including anti-tumor,anti-aging,neuroprotection,immunomodulation,hepatoprotection and modulation of metabolic diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of GLSO over the past two decades in terms of its bioactive components,extraction and processing techniques,pharmacological effects and safety evaluation.This provides a solid foundation for further research and application of GLSO.展开更多
Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of ...Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.展开更多
Panax notoginseng is an ancient Chinese medicinal plant that has great clinical value in regulating cardiovascular disease in China.As a single component of panax notoginosides,notoginsenoside R1(NGR1)belongs to the p...Panax notoginseng is an ancient Chinese medicinal plant that has great clinical value in regulating cardiovascular disease in China.As a single component of panax notoginosides,notoginsenoside R1(NGR1)belongs to the panaxatriol group.Many reports have demonstrated that NGR1 exerts multiple pharmacological effects in ischemic stroke,myocardial infarction,acute renal injury,and intestinal injury.Here,we outline the available reports on the pharmacological effects of NGR1 in ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.We also discuss the chemistry,composition and molecular mechanism underlying the anti-I/R injury effects of NGR1.NGR1 had significant effects on reducing cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits in cerebral I/R injury,ameliorating the impaired mitochondrial morphology in myocardial I/R injury,decreasing kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in renal I/R injury and attenuating jejunal mucosal epithelium injury in intestinal I/R injury.The various organ anti-I/R injury effects of NGR1 are mainly through the suppression of oxidative stress,apoptosis,inflammation,endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotion of angiogenesis and neurogenesis.These findings provide a reference basis for future research of NGR1 on I/R injury.展开更多
(–)-Epicatechin-3-gallate(ECG),a bioactive polyphenolic compound,has contributed a lot to the health benefits of green tea.Great attention has been focused on(–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),but limited research...(–)-Epicatechin-3-gallate(ECG),a bioactive polyphenolic compound,has contributed a lot to the health benefits of green tea.Great attention has been focused on(–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),but limited research has been performed towards ECG.Like EGCG,ECG also possesses various pharmacological and physiological properties,such as mediation of antioxidant activities,anti-inflammation response,regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis,as well as anticancer properties during angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis stages.Nontoxic ECG has various molecular targets within the cells,including CYP enzymes,phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,as well as pro-inflammatory mediators.The antineoplastic mechanism contains inhibition of phase 1 CYP enzymes,induction of phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,high anti-inflammatory efficacy,arrest of cell cycle progression,regulation of apoptosis,as well as mediation of metastasis processes.In particular,the gallate moiety of ECG is critical for mediating inhibitory effects towards cancer cells.Besides regulation of intracellular signaling pathways,ECG also inhibits RNase A and matrix metalloproteinase enzymatic activity via chelating metals(copper and zinc)in cancer cells.This review has summarized recent studies on pharmacological properties of ECG,and discussed corresponding mechanism on modulation of cellular signaling events by ECG,hoping to broaden its multiple usage.展开更多
Evolution and natural selection have endowed animal venoms,including scorpion venoms,with a wide range of pharmacological properties.Consequently,scorpions,their venoms,and/or their body parts have been used since tim...Evolution and natural selection have endowed animal venoms,including scorpion venoms,with a wide range of pharmacological properties.Consequently,scorpions,their venoms,and/or their body parts have been used since time immemorial in traditional medicines,especially in Africa and Asia.With respect to their pharmacological potential,bioactive peptides from scorpion venoms have become an important source of scientific research.With the rapid increase in the characterization of various components from scorpion venoms,a large number of peptides are identified with an aim of combating a myriad of emerging global health problems.Moreover,some scorpion venom-derived peptides have been established as potential scaffolds helpful for drug development.In this review,we summarize the promising scorpion venoms-derived peptides as drug candidates.Accordingly,we highlight the data and knowledge needed for continuous characterization and development of additional natural peptides from scorpion venoms,as potential drugs that can treat related diseases.展开更多
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or cold laser has been used in medicine for several decades. However, the method utilizes a direct contact of the light beam with a patient. Further research resulted in development of a...Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or cold laser has been used in medicine for several decades. However, the method utilizes a direct contact of the light beam with a patient. Further research resulted in development of another method that enables remote transmission of the pharmacological properties of a medicament into a human body with the application of low-level laser radiation as the light source. 18 patients with different viral diseases were treated with the antiviral drugs placed into the field formed by the unexplained properties of low-level laser radiation of the “device for transfer of the pharmacological properties of a drug into the patient’s body”. This resulted in improvement of the patient’s condition, the absence of side effects and adverse reactions when using drugs in the proposed device and shortened therapy period for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and Covid-19 patients. The long-term follow-up of the patients with chronic hepatitis B infection showed that hepatitis B virus remained at low replication levels under the influence of the therapy, which made it possible to avoid such formidable complications of the disease as cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.展开更多
The flower buds and fruits of Sophora japonica are known as Flos sophorae immaturus(Chinese Huaimi,FSI),Flos sophorae(Chinese Huaihua,FLS)and Fructus sophorae(Chinese Huaijiao,FRS)due to their different physiological ...The flower buds and fruits of Sophora japonica are known as Flos sophorae immaturus(Chinese Huaimi,FSI),Flos sophorae(Chinese Huaihua,FLS)and Fructus sophorae(Chinese Huaijiao,FRS)due to their different physiological forms.FSI and FLS are precious resources of homology of medicine and food,while FRS is a valuable Chinese herb,and all of which have been used for thousands of years.There are great differences in the active ingredients,functions and toxicological properties of FSI,FLS and FRS.However,they are often confused and assumed to have fairly similar validity,which is detrimental to their precision development of resources of homology of medicine and food.This review summarized the active constituents,analytical techniques and pharmacological properties of FSI,FLS and FRS,then systematically compared their differences.The article will help people better understand and distinguish the differences and characteristics of FSI,FLS and FRS in bioactive constituents,content of functional components and pharmacological properties,which can contribute to their highly efficient targeted applications in the future food and medical fields.展开更多
The paper presents the results of the synthesis of complexes of the ty pe Eu(DBM) 3 and Eu(DBM) 3·Q(DBM-dibenzoylmethane,Q-1,10-phenantroline or 4,7-d iphenyl-1,10-phenantroline) and of Tb-and Nd-complexes with t...The paper presents the results of the synthesis of complexes of the ty pe Eu(DBM) 3 and Eu(DBM) 3·Q(DBM-dibenzoylmethane,Q-1,10-phenantroline or 4,7-d iphenyl-1,10-phenantroline) and of Tb-and Nd-complexes with the newly-synthesis ed coumarin derivates 3,3’-[(4-chlorphenyl) methylene) bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) ,3,3’-[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy) methylene) bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) ,etc. Elemental and thermogravimetric analysis,IR,UV,NMR and fluorescence spe ctroscopy and X-ray analysis were applied for characterisation of the complexes. Some peculiarities of the synthetic procedures for both types of complexes were discussed and the influence of the synthetic approach,pH of the reaction mediu m,temperature of synthesis and drying of the complexes on the composition,stab ility and optical properties was reported. The immobilisation of the complexes i n thin films based on sol-gel produced SiO2 and on polymethylmethacrylate was st udied. The optimal conditions for preparation of the matrices(composition of th e starting system,temperature and time of sol aging,etc.) were recommended. Th e film morphology was evaluated by fluorescence,scanning electron and atomic fo rce microscopy. The interaction of the lanthanide ions with the matrices and the influence of their nature,the effect of the in-situ polymerisation and other f actors on photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra and excited state lif e-times of the complexes were followed. The effect of the second ligand on the p hotoluminescence properties of the immobilised diketonates was further elucidate d. Processes involved in the thermal decomposition of the complexes and microcom posites produced on their base were proposed. Preliminary results on the pharmac ological properties of the coumarin complexes reported showed unambiguously high er cytotoxicity of the Nd complex in comparison with that of the respective ligand.展开更多
Berberine,an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Coptis chinens is and other Berber is plants,has a wide range of pharmacological properties.Berberine can be used to treat many diseases,such as cancer...Berberine,an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Coptis chinens is and other Berber is plants,has a wide range of pharmacological properties.Berberine can be used to treat many diseases,such as cancer and digestive,metabolic,cardiovascular,and neurological diseases.Berberine has protective capacities in digestive diseases.It can inhibit toxins and bacteria,including Helicobac terpylo riprotect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury,and ameliorate liver injury.Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis.Recent evidence has confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapies.In addition,berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism,improves energy expenditure,reduces body weight,and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Berberine also improves cardiovascular hemodynamics,suppresses ischemic arrhythmias,attenuates the development of atherosclerosis,and reduces hypertension.Berberine shows potent neuroprotective effects,including antioxidative,antiapoptotic,and anti-ischemic.Furthermore,berberine exerts protective effects against other diseases.The mechanisms of its functions have been extensively explored,but much remains to be clarified.This article summarizes the main pharmacological actions of berberine and its mechanisms in cancer and digestive,metabolic,cardiovascular,and neurological diseases.展开更多
文摘Although the biological system is a combination of different chemical processes,many of the mechanisms can not be explained by general chemical processes.Therefore,as a driving force of biological system,a distinct entity called'vital force'can be imagined.But this is not essential to explain homeopathy.From the analysis of different phenomena it apparent that biological system has a tendency to maintain a balanced state.Such a good example is catch-up growth.A stimulus is required to disrupt the balance.This stimulus must enter the body from outside or in case of disease it must arise from within inside.This is the primary stimulus.Infection,chronic poisoning,etc.help the expression of the internal stimulus.These are secondary stimulus.The active dose of similar drug acts on the terminal site of the disease process.This causes the actual reversal of the disease process.Allopathic dissimilar drugs act on different stages of the disease process and alter the course of the disease process.The effect of allopathic drugs does not destroy the effect of disease and compete with the effect of the disease.Potentized homeopathic remedies neutralize the effect of disease but do not alter the course of the disease.As a result,either symptoms of the disease are neutralized or the disease process is accelerated.Different other phenomena support that the property of the potentized remedy is not similar to the original substance.It is a new property which is negative pharmacological property.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China (2021YFE0103600) for International Scientific and Technological Innovative Cooperation between Governments。
文摘Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Napoleonaea</span></i><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i>vogelii</i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, Lecythidaceae family is a tropical evergreen shrub widely distributed in the coastal regions of West African countries including Benin. It is a medicinal plant whose leaves and bark are of great utility in traditional medicine. Despite its importance, it is little used in ethnoveterinary medicine and its pharmacological basis in this field and especially in the treatment of parasitic diseases caused by <i>Haemonchus</i><span> <i>contortus</i></span> is very little documented. This review aims to synthesise existing data on the chemical composition, pharmacological and zootechnical usefulness of <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> and to identify the gaps of these works in order to propose research perspectives. Google Scholar database was used to gather the majority of useful information available on <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i>. </span>The results showed that of the 23 publications included in the present study, 60.87% dealt distinctly with the pharmacological properties of <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span>. These properties include anthelmintic, antidiabetic, wound healing, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties and <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> contains many secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides which give it its pharmacological properties. The Correspondence Factor Analysis performed for the variables extracts and chemical compounds showed that the presence of a given chemical compound is not dependent on the type of extract. This work has gathered information on <i>N</i><span>. <i>vogelii</i></span> and found that the species has powerful therapeutic potentials but very little use in traditional veterinary medicine. More research is needed on this plant to make available ethnoveterinary pharmacological data to enable proper use in the treatment of animal diseases in general and gastrointestinal parasitosis of small ruminants in particular.</span></span></span>
文摘Medicinal plants are widely employed for healing reasons in many native systems of medicine and are becoming increasingly popular in modern culture as alternatives to manufactured medications.The current study is a descriptive review in which papers were searched from several databases such as Springer,Wiley,Taylor and Francis,Elsevier,etc.It is time to rethink the way we improve our immune systems and seek evidence-based treatments that best use plant-based medicines to benefit patients.Bioactive principles are responsible for medicinal plants’therapeutic actions and give limitless chances for novel drug leads because of their exceptional availability of chemical variety.The chemical characteristics of the included bioactive components determine whether standardized plant extracts are beneficial or poisonous.A summary of research papers on plants such as garlic,aloe vera,stinging nettle,saffron,clove,holy basil,turmeric,cinnamon,giloe,liquorice,and aloe vera having bioactive molecules and cures for several diseases such as influenza virus,gastrointestinal cancer neurodegenerative disorder,cardiovascular diseases,urinary disorder,diabetes,skin disease,obesity,and respiratory disorder is included in this overview.
基金supported by Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(No.201610010113)the Open Research Fund of NMPA Key Laboratory for Rapid Testing Technology of Drugs,Guangdong Institute for Drug Control(No.KF2022002,KF2022006)Research Project of Chinese Medicine in TCM Bureau of Guangdong Province(No.20231202).
文摘Ganoderma lucidum is a Chinese medicinal fungus with a long history of use in healthcare and disease treatment.G.lucidum spores(GLS)are tiny germ cells released from the mushroom cap during the mature stage of growth.They contain all the genetic active substances of G.lucidum.G.lucidum spore oil(GLSO)is a lipid component extracted from broken-walled Ganoderma spores using supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology.GLSO contains fatty acids,Ganoderma triterpenes,sterols and other bioactive compounds.Previous studies have demonstrated that GLSO has a wide range of pharmacological properties,including anti-tumor,anti-aging,neuroprotection,immunomodulation,hepatoprotection and modulation of metabolic diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of GLSO over the past two decades in terms of its bioactive components,extraction and processing techniques,pharmacological effects and safety evaluation.This provides a solid foundation for further research and application of GLSO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274313)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2023GHZD43).
文摘Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.
文摘Panax notoginseng is an ancient Chinese medicinal plant that has great clinical value in regulating cardiovascular disease in China.As a single component of panax notoginosides,notoginsenoside R1(NGR1)belongs to the panaxatriol group.Many reports have demonstrated that NGR1 exerts multiple pharmacological effects in ischemic stroke,myocardial infarction,acute renal injury,and intestinal injury.Here,we outline the available reports on the pharmacological effects of NGR1 in ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.We also discuss the chemistry,composition and molecular mechanism underlying the anti-I/R injury effects of NGR1.NGR1 had significant effects on reducing cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits in cerebral I/R injury,ameliorating the impaired mitochondrial morphology in myocardial I/R injury,decreasing kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in renal I/R injury and attenuating jejunal mucosal epithelium injury in intestinal I/R injury.The various organ anti-I/R injury effects of NGR1 are mainly through the suppression of oxidative stress,apoptosis,inflammation,endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotion of angiogenesis and neurogenesis.These findings provide a reference basis for future research of NGR1 on I/R injury.
基金funded by Hubei Science and Technology Plan Key Project(G2019ABA100)Open fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization(201932103)fund from Assessment and Comprehensive Utilization of Characteristic Biological resources in Dabie Mountains(4022019006)。
文摘(–)-Epicatechin-3-gallate(ECG),a bioactive polyphenolic compound,has contributed a lot to the health benefits of green tea.Great attention has been focused on(–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),but limited research has been performed towards ECG.Like EGCG,ECG also possesses various pharmacological and physiological properties,such as mediation of antioxidant activities,anti-inflammation response,regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis,as well as anticancer properties during angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis stages.Nontoxic ECG has various molecular targets within the cells,including CYP enzymes,phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,as well as pro-inflammatory mediators.The antineoplastic mechanism contains inhibition of phase 1 CYP enzymes,induction of phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,high anti-inflammatory efficacy,arrest of cell cycle progression,regulation of apoptosis,as well as mediation of metastasis processes.In particular,the gallate moiety of ECG is critical for mediating inhibitory effects towards cancer cells.Besides regulation of intracellular signaling pathways,ECG also inhibits RNase A and matrix metalloproteinase enzymatic activity via chelating metals(copper and zinc)in cancer cells.This review has summarized recent studies on pharmacological properties of ECG,and discussed corresponding mechanism on modulation of cellular signaling events by ECG,hoping to broaden its multiple usage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31930015,31900332 and 31900375)the Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB31000000)+1 种基金the Biological Resources Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-BRP-008-003)the KC Wong Education Foundation and Yunnan Province Grant(Nos.2019ZF003,2019YT053,202003AD150008,202001AT070121,202001AW-070015,202001AT070106,2021000097 and 202101AS070057).
文摘Evolution and natural selection have endowed animal venoms,including scorpion venoms,with a wide range of pharmacological properties.Consequently,scorpions,their venoms,and/or their body parts have been used since time immemorial in traditional medicines,especially in Africa and Asia.With respect to their pharmacological potential,bioactive peptides from scorpion venoms have become an important source of scientific research.With the rapid increase in the characterization of various components from scorpion venoms,a large number of peptides are identified with an aim of combating a myriad of emerging global health problems.Moreover,some scorpion venom-derived peptides have been established as potential scaffolds helpful for drug development.In this review,we summarize the promising scorpion venoms-derived peptides as drug candidates.Accordingly,we highlight the data and knowledge needed for continuous characterization and development of additional natural peptides from scorpion venoms,as potential drugs that can treat related diseases.
文摘Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or cold laser has been used in medicine for several decades. However, the method utilizes a direct contact of the light beam with a patient. Further research resulted in development of another method that enables remote transmission of the pharmacological properties of a medicament into a human body with the application of low-level laser radiation as the light source. 18 patients with different viral diseases were treated with the antiviral drugs placed into the field formed by the unexplained properties of low-level laser radiation of the “device for transfer of the pharmacological properties of a drug into the patient’s body”. This resulted in improvement of the patient’s condition, the absence of side effects and adverse reactions when using drugs in the proposed device and shortened therapy period for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and Covid-19 patients. The long-term follow-up of the patients with chronic hepatitis B infection showed that hepatitis B virus remained at low replication levels under the influence of the therapy, which made it possible to avoid such formidable complications of the disease as cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.
文摘The flower buds and fruits of Sophora japonica are known as Flos sophorae immaturus(Chinese Huaimi,FSI),Flos sophorae(Chinese Huaihua,FLS)and Fructus sophorae(Chinese Huaijiao,FRS)due to their different physiological forms.FSI and FLS are precious resources of homology of medicine and food,while FRS is a valuable Chinese herb,and all of which have been used for thousands of years.There are great differences in the active ingredients,functions and toxicological properties of FSI,FLS and FRS.However,they are often confused and assumed to have fairly similar validity,which is detrimental to their precision development of resources of homology of medicine and food.This review summarized the active constituents,analytical techniques and pharmacological properties of FSI,FLS and FRS,then systematically compared their differences.The article will help people better understand and distinguish the differences and characteristics of FSI,FLS and FRS in bioactive constituents,content of functional components and pharmacological properties,which can contribute to their highly efficient targeted applications in the future food and medical fields.
基金Project supported by the Bulgarian Fund for Scientific Investigations (VUH 005/05 and DO 02-129/08)
文摘The paper presents the results of the synthesis of complexes of the ty pe Eu(DBM) 3 and Eu(DBM) 3·Q(DBM-dibenzoylmethane,Q-1,10-phenantroline or 4,7-d iphenyl-1,10-phenantroline) and of Tb-and Nd-complexes with the newly-synthesis ed coumarin derivates 3,3’-[(4-chlorphenyl) methylene) bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) ,3,3’-[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy) methylene) bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) ,etc. Elemental and thermogravimetric analysis,IR,UV,NMR and fluorescence spe ctroscopy and X-ray analysis were applied for characterisation of the complexes. Some peculiarities of the synthetic procedures for both types of complexes were discussed and the influence of the synthetic approach,pH of the reaction mediu m,temperature of synthesis and drying of the complexes on the composition,stab ility and optical properties was reported. The immobilisation of the complexes i n thin films based on sol-gel produced SiO2 and on polymethylmethacrylate was st udied. The optimal conditions for preparation of the matrices(composition of th e starting system,temperature and time of sol aging,etc.) were recommended. Th e film morphology was evaluated by fluorescence,scanning electron and atomic fo rce microscopy. The interaction of the lanthanide ions with the matrices and the influence of their nature,the effect of the in-situ polymerisation and other f actors on photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra and excited state lif e-times of the complexes were followed. The effect of the second ligand on the p hotoluminescence properties of the immobilised diketonates was further elucidate d. Processes involved in the thermal decomposition of the complexes and microcom posites produced on their base were proposed. Preliminary results on the pharmac ological properties of the coumarin complexes reported showed unambiguously high er cytotoxicity of the Nd complex in comparison with that of the respective ligand.
文摘Berberine,an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Coptis chinens is and other Berber is plants,has a wide range of pharmacological properties.Berberine can be used to treat many diseases,such as cancer and digestive,metabolic,cardiovascular,and neurological diseases.Berberine has protective capacities in digestive diseases.It can inhibit toxins and bacteria,including Helicobac terpylo riprotect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury,and ameliorate liver injury.Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis.Recent evidence has confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapies.In addition,berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism,improves energy expenditure,reduces body weight,and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Berberine also improves cardiovascular hemodynamics,suppresses ischemic arrhythmias,attenuates the development of atherosclerosis,and reduces hypertension.Berberine shows potent neuroprotective effects,including antioxidative,antiapoptotic,and anti-ischemic.Furthermore,berberine exerts protective effects against other diseases.The mechanisms of its functions have been extensively explored,but much remains to be clarified.This article summarizes the main pharmacological actions of berberine and its mechanisms in cancer and digestive,metabolic,cardiovascular,and neurological diseases.