Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used ...Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used to develop an adolescent-friendly functional snack food product in the light of food industry trends. Stages of product development, shelf life/physiochemical analysis (texture, pH, color, and water activity) and sensory evaluation were utilized in developing a functional snack mini muffin containing Spirulina and Bilberry. Aqueous (AQ) and 80% ethanol (ET) extracts of mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% Spirulina (S) + 4% Bilberry (B), 2% Spirulina (S) + 8% Bilberry (B)) were prepared using a standard protocol. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assays. Utilizing a 5-point hedonic scale (1—Dislike very much, 2—Dislike a little, 3—Neither like nor dislike, 4—Like a little, 5—Like very much), 3 mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% S + 4% B, 2% S +8% B), were tested among consumer panelists, with 1% S + 4% B being the most acceptable based on taste, texture, color, aroma, appearance, etc. Texture (post-peak (N) of the mini muffin did not vary between chocolate and 1 S% + 4% B formulations;however, 2% S + 8% B was 1.09 times higher compared to its counterparts. pH, color, and water activity remained constant over the 9-day shelf-life period. The Spirulina and Bilberry muffins developed exhibited antioxidant activities (highest in 2% S + 8% B), and were accepted by the sensory panelists for color, taste, mouthfeel, and aroma (panelists preferred 1% S + 4% B).展开更多
Quality function deployment (QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement (CRs) into technical attributes (TAs),is widely used in new product development (NPD) as an efficient customer-driven approach. Af...Quality function deployment (QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement (CRs) into technical attributes (TAs),is widely used in new product development (NPD) as an efficient customer-driven approach. After lots of QFD application is applied in manufacturing fields,it was proved that without considering suppliers involved,it is difficult to get precise and satisfying results in each process of QFD,particularly part deployment. The paper will address the issues of a model of optional parts selection in suppliers involved in part deployment process. Further,it has been applied to an ERP system reconstruction and updating problem as an illustration.展开更多
As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted de...As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.展开更多
Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecolog...Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.展开更多
As a plant resource, Osmanthus fragrans has both medicinal and edible effects. This paper reviews the active components and health-care functions of O. fragrans, and introduces the current research situation of O. fra...As a plant resource, Osmanthus fragrans has both medicinal and edible effects. This paper reviews the active components and health-care functions of O. fragrans, and introduces the current research situation of O. fragrans mixed wine. In addition, combined with the development of new products of plant-based flower wine, it analyzes the development prospects of O. fragrans mixed wine based on liquor and spirits.展开更多
Pectinase is a group of enzymes that can decompose complex pectin into small molecules such as galacturonic acid. It is mainly produced by microorganisms by liquid and solid fermentation and immobilized cell method. I...Pectinase is a group of enzymes that can decompose complex pectin into small molecules such as galacturonic acid. It is mainly produced by microorganisms by liquid and solid fermentation and immobilized cell method. Its representative strain is Aspergillus niger,and yeast and actinomycete are also high-yield strains for screening pectinase. Pectinase can be used in many fields of life and production,such as clarification of fruit juice and wine,pulping of paper making industry,degumming of textile,extracting of traditional Chinese medicine components,animal feed and other industries,which is economic,green,and efficient and pollution-free. Moreover,pectinase is one of the four major enzymes in the world,and its practical application has very important significance,and the prospect of pectinase application is also important.展开更多
This paper identifies three stages in China's agricultural development with reference to macroeconomic development and international experience.While the first two stages focused on ensuring food security and rais...This paper identifies three stages in China's agricultural development with reference to macroeconomic development and international experience.While the first two stages focused on ensuring food security and raising farmer's income,the current stage must give priority to modernizing agricultural production.The lack of progress in this area is due to the following reasons:diminishing return to capital as a result of small and scattered farming operation which has compromised agricultural competitiveness;agriculture is overdependent on subsidy and protection under the conventional wisdom of the uniqueness of agriculture.This paper attempts to reveal the barriers to China s agricultural modernization and proposes recommendations on reforming the land and household registration systems to increase the economies of scale and productivity.展开更多
文摘Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used to develop an adolescent-friendly functional snack food product in the light of food industry trends. Stages of product development, shelf life/physiochemical analysis (texture, pH, color, and water activity) and sensory evaluation were utilized in developing a functional snack mini muffin containing Spirulina and Bilberry. Aqueous (AQ) and 80% ethanol (ET) extracts of mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% Spirulina (S) + 4% Bilberry (B), 2% Spirulina (S) + 8% Bilberry (B)) were prepared using a standard protocol. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assays. Utilizing a 5-point hedonic scale (1—Dislike very much, 2—Dislike a little, 3—Neither like nor dislike, 4—Like a little, 5—Like very much), 3 mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% S + 4% B, 2% S +8% B), were tested among consumer panelists, with 1% S + 4% B being the most acceptable based on taste, texture, color, aroma, appearance, etc. Texture (post-peak (N) of the mini muffin did not vary between chocolate and 1 S% + 4% B formulations;however, 2% S + 8% B was 1.09 times higher compared to its counterparts. pH, color, and water activity remained constant over the 9-day shelf-life period. The Spirulina and Bilberry muffins developed exhibited antioxidant activities (highest in 2% S + 8% B), and were accepted by the sensory panelists for color, taste, mouthfeel, and aroma (panelists preferred 1% S + 4% B).
基金Funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (70471028) ,and the Excellent Youth Teacher Program of Ministry of Education of China .
文摘Quality function deployment (QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement (CRs) into technical attributes (TAs),is widely used in new product development (NPD) as an efficient customer-driven approach. After lots of QFD application is applied in manufacturing fields,it was proved that without considering suppliers involved,it is difficult to get precise and satisfying results in each process of QFD,particularly part deployment. The paper will address the issues of a model of optional parts selection in suppliers involved in part deployment process. Further,it has been applied to an ERP system reconstruction and updating problem as an illustration.
基金the paper is the phased achievement of Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China——“Study on the Supporting Policies in Limited Development Zones”(11BJL058) directed by the author
文摘As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.
文摘Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.
文摘As a plant resource, Osmanthus fragrans has both medicinal and edible effects. This paper reviews the active components and health-care functions of O. fragrans, and introduces the current research situation of O. fragrans mixed wine. In addition, combined with the development of new products of plant-based flower wine, it analyzes the development prospects of O. fragrans mixed wine based on liquor and spirits.
文摘Pectinase is a group of enzymes that can decompose complex pectin into small molecules such as galacturonic acid. It is mainly produced by microorganisms by liquid and solid fermentation and immobilized cell method. Its representative strain is Aspergillus niger,and yeast and actinomycete are also high-yield strains for screening pectinase. Pectinase can be used in many fields of life and production,such as clarification of fruit juice and wine,pulping of paper making industry,degumming of textile,extracting of traditional Chinese medicine components,animal feed and other industries,which is economic,green,and efficient and pollution-free. Moreover,pectinase is one of the four major enzymes in the world,and its practical application has very important significance,and the prospect of pectinase application is also important.
文摘This paper identifies three stages in China's agricultural development with reference to macroeconomic development and international experience.While the first two stages focused on ensuring food security and raising farmer's income,the current stage must give priority to modernizing agricultural production.The lack of progress in this area is due to the following reasons:diminishing return to capital as a result of small and scattered farming operation which has compromised agricultural competitiveness;agriculture is overdependent on subsidy and protection under the conventional wisdom of the uniqueness of agriculture.This paper attempts to reveal the barriers to China s agricultural modernization and proposes recommendations on reforming the land and household registration systems to increase the economies of scale and productivity.
