New theoretical analysis method for the phase center in the Fresnel region of complex structure antennas

A finite domain time difference （FDTD） and second-derivative combined method is proposed for the evaluation of phase center in the Fresnel region of complex structure millimeter antennas. This method adopts FDTD＇s near to far field transformation to obtain the fields in Fresnel region and then applies the second-derivative method to calculate the phase center. The adoption of FDTD efficiently overcomes the difficulties arising from the existing calculation methods＇ requirements for the radiation analytical formula of some complex antennas, which makes the existing second-derivative method more applicable in engineering. Also, FDTD increases the precision owing to the superposition field calculation from its extrapolation. The correctness of this proposed method is certified with typical examples and the phase center in the Fresnel region of a microwave radiometry calibration corrugate horn antenna is evaluated with the key features.

Large Spacing Array with Offset Phase Center Elements for Highly Integrated Applications

A scanning and uniform array architecture with large spacing,low complexity and high scalability is presented for high integration massive array applications.It is constructed by offset phase center elements arranged in a uniform and regular way,but its spacing can be larger than that of traditional arrays.An ideal model of the offset phase center element is established and its far-field distribution is derived.To suppress grating lobes,the phase center of any element is designed to be movable without changing its physical position.Using genetic algorithm(GA),a new constraint condition limiting the number of phase center changes is proposed to solve the objective function of the minimum values of grating lobes(GLs)and side lobes(SLs).It is shown that the optimal results can be achieved by two changes of phase centers.A multimode circular patch is developed and designed,and characteristics of the offset phase center are analyzed and verified.A prototype array of 12×12 offset phase center elements is implemented based on multi-mode circular patches.Full wave simulation results of radiation patterns show that the level of grating lobes is suppressed at least 7dB with 1.12λ spacing,while the scanning angle is 20°.

Tests of relative vertical offsets for several types of GPS receiver antenna phase centers

The correction for antenna phase center is considered in processing Global Positioning System （GPS） data collected from a network of GPS ultra-short baselines. Compared with the leveling measurements, the GPS results show that the relative vertical offsets for the pairs of GPS receiver antenna phase centers still exist, although absolute calibration of the antenna phase center variations （PCVs） has been considered. With respect to the TPS CR.G3 antenna, the relative vertical offset for the LEI AT504 antenna is 8.4 mm, the offset for the ASH701945C_M antenna is 5.5 mm, and those for the ASHY00936E_C and ASH701945B_M antennas are approximately between 2 mm and -3 mm. The relative offsets for the same type of antennas are approximately 1 mm. By correcting the absolute PCVs, the existing relative offset becomes negligible for horizontal positioning.

STUDY ON THE PHASE CENTER OF ELECTROMAGNETIC HORNS

The characteristics of the phase centers of electromagnetic horns having nearlysymmetric pattern are presented analytically.It is proved that the phase center on the φ=45°plane coincides with the average phase center,and if a single plane phase center is used to definethe horn phase center approximately,the φ=45° plane phase center will be the best choice.

OPTIMAL MODEL OF COMBINED PHASE CENTER FOR HORN FEEDS AND ITS COMPUTATIONAL METHOD

A definition of combined phase center for horn feeds is given.Formulas of E-planeand H-plane combined phase center for conical horns and the corresponding Optimal model arepresented,and a fast optimization method for solving this model is described.By using thismethod,the phase center of corrugated horn is discussed and calculated,and the variation of thephase center with distance and operating frequency is given.

Spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center offset and variation estimation for the Shiyan 3 satellite

In determining the orbits of low Earth orbit （LEO） satellites using spaceborne GPS, the errors caused by receiver antenna phase center offset （PCO） and phase center variations （PCVs） are gradually becoming a major limiting factor for continued improvements to accuracy. Shiyan 3, a small satellite mission for space technology experimentation and climate exploration, was developed by China and launched on November 5, 2008. The dual-frequency GPS receiver payload delivers 1 Hz data and provides the basis for precise orbit determination within the range of a few centimeters. The antenna PCO and PCV error characteristics and the principles influencing orbit determination are analyzed. The feasibility of PCO and PCV estimation and compensation in different directions is demonstrated through simulation and in-flight tests. The values of receiver antenna PCO and PCVs for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） and Shiyan 3 satellites are estimated from one month of data. A large and stable antenna PCO error, reaching up to 10.34 cm in the z-direction, is found with the Shiyan 3 satellite. The PCVs on the Shiyan 3 satellite are estimated and reach up to 3.0 cm, which is slightly larger than that of GRACE satellites. Orbit validation clearly improved with independent k-band ranging （KBR） and satellite laser ranging （SLR） measurements. For GRACE satellites, the average root mean square （RMS） of KBR residuals improved from 1.01 cm to 0.88 cm. For the Shiyan 3 satellite, the average RMS of SLR residuals improved from 4.95 cm to 4.06 cm.

Particle Trajectory Integrator in Guiding Center Phase Space

A trajectory integrator is developed based on a particle＇s guiding center Hamiltonian. It is verified by a series of benchmarks, which are in good accordance with theoretical prediction. This integrator can be used as the guiding center trajectory integrator of a particle-in-cell simulation platform, such as the newly developed VirtEx. It can also be used as a stand-alone tool to investigate particle dynamics in a given background field.

Implementation of a nonlocal N-qubit conditional phase gate using the nitrogen–vacancy center and microtoroidal resonator coupled systems

Implementation of a nonlocal multi-qubit conditional phase gate is an essential requirement in some quantum infor- mation processing （QIP） tasks. Recently, a novel solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED） system, in which the nitrogen-vacancy （NV） center in diamond is coupled to a microtoroidal resonator （MTR）, has been proposed as a poten- tial system for hybrid quantum information and computing. By virtue of such systems, we present a scheme to realize a nonlocal N-qubit conditional phase gate directly. Our scheme employs a cavity input-output process and single-photon interference, without the use of any auxiliary entanglement pair or classical communication. Considering the currently available technologies, our scheme might be quite useful among different nodes in quantum networks for large-scaled QIP.

Influence of Recombination Centers on the Phase Portraits in Nanosized Semiconductor Films

Influence of recombination centers’ changes on the form of phase portraits has been studied. It has been shown that the shape of the phase portraits depends on the concentration of semiconductor materials’ recombination centers.

不同接收机天线相位中心改正模型对GPS/BDS精密定位的影响

针对国产不同品牌不同型号的地面接收机天线相位中心(antenna phase center,APC)模型及仪器厂商模型差异,本文分别采用相对定位及精密单点定位(precise single-point positioning,PPP)方法,分析了GPS/BDS高精度定位中基于不同APC改正模型引起的站点估计位置差异,获得了各不同天线APC改正模型对站点估计位置影响的平均差异值.试验结果表明:不同APC改正模型对站点定位精度的影响相当,对站点估计位置在平面方向影响较小,U方向影响较大;同一种类型的天线在不同实验区域造成的影响具有较好的一致性;同品牌天线对站点估计位置的影响有一定的相似性,尤其是同品牌系列产品其相位中心的影响更为接近.

φ73 mm铣槽钻杆焊缝双头回火工艺研究

针对双头回火炉闭环系统的温控红外检测点位对准接头侧检测的工艺过程,对同批次试验的φ73 mm铣槽钻杆焊缝进行了金相及硬度检测分析。研究表明,对于φ73 mm铣槽钻杆焊缝双头回火,温控系统的红外检测点位若选取不当,会直接导致焊缝出现相变组织,该缺陷组织会直接降低钻杆焊缝的综合力学性能,使钻杆焊缝在交变载荷作用下提前发生焊缝断裂事故。通过工艺优化设计,研究得出φ73 mm铣槽钻杆焊缝红外检测点位对准钻杆外焊缝中心位置进行温度控制,精准控制焊缝回火温度在720℃,其金相组织及综合力学性能最佳,彻底消除了该类缺陷组织,保证了产品质量。

Simplified Method of Designing FIR Filter with Controllable Center Frequency

A novel simplified method is presented to design FIR filter with controllable center frequency. The properties of transfer curves for all-phase filters are illustrated under 3 windowing conditions. By combining single-window all-phase filter design steps and double phase-shift combination, a series of design formulas for point-pass filter, notch filter, band-pass filter and band-stop filter are derived, thus the design computation complexity is greatly reduced. Experiments prove that the center frequency of all the filters can be accurately specified at arbitrary position by adjusting frequency parameters m and λ.

相变材料在数据中心绿色冷却中的研究进展

综述了相变材料在数据中心绿色冷却方面的研究现状。对数据中心能耗情况和相变材料进行简单介绍,说明相变材料在数据中心的应用意义,从数据中心冷却和储能两大方面分别叙述了相变材料的功能和应用进展,对相变材料在未来数据中心的发展进行了展望,并为后来研究提供相关参考。

面心立方结构钛的研究进展

面心立方结构钛是一种亚稳相,最早发现于超薄钛膜。除此之外,钛及钛合金在经历大塑性变形之后,也常常会发生hcp→fcc钛及钛合金的相变。近年来,大量研究报道了钛及钛合金经冷轧、压缩、拉伸和球磨等加工后观察到面心立方结构钛。为此,对近几十年来面心立方结构钛的制备方法、相变机理及其变形行为的研究进展进行了详细介绍。现有研究已证实,面心立方结构钛不仅能够协调材料的变形,而且有利于材料强度的提高。

一种基于相位差的DBF阵列天线误差校正方法

针对数字波束形成(Digital Beam Forming, DBF)阵列天线阵元位置及相位中心存在误差时,会导致波束形成指向与理论设计指向存在偏差,进而使得比幅曲线发生畸变,造成测向结果出错及天线合成增益降低的现象,研究并提出了一种基于不同入射角下,阵列天线的相位差存在相干性原理,构造相位差误差代价函数,通过最小二乘的方式搜寻出最优阵元位置,完成对阵元位置及相位中心误差校正的方法。通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的可行性,同时在工程化中实现对阵元误差的有效校正。

海底小目标高分辨合成孔径声呐成像技术研究进展

海底小目标的成像探测问题是海底探测领域的经典难题,合成孔径声呐技术为小目标高分辨成像与探测提供了主要技术手段。本文分析了现阶段合成孔径声呐所面临的主要能力提升问题,介绍了合成孔径声呐高分辨成像的基本原理以及多子阵成像技术,并且针对合成孔径声呐面临的技术难点,对运动误差估计与补偿技术、高测绘效率成像技术、非稳定直航下的高分辨成像技术进行了讨论,介绍了相关技术路线与研究进展,并在此基础上展望了海底小目标高分辨成像技术的发展趋势与应用前景。

基于几何约束的GNSS接收机天线相位中心偏差测量方法研究

分析了GNSS接收机天线相位中心与几何中心间的关系,提出了一种基于几何约束的GNSS接收机天线相位中心偏差的测量方法。通过2台或多台天线组合测量,利用天线几何中心在东北天坐标系下的已知坐标,仅需2个观测时段即可解算所有天线的相位中心水平偏差和相对垂直偏差。使用扼流圈天线进行不同观测时段长的相位中心稳定性分析实验;在不同天线组合、不同天线位置条件下,对相位中心偏差进行测量实验。实验结果表明:高精度的GNSS接收机天线相位中心偏差测量的观测时段长为24 h,天线的相位中心水平偏差重复性≤0.13 mm,相对垂直偏差重复性为0.67 mm。

分布式InSAR卫星的天线相位中心研究

从天线相位中心的定义出发,针对分布式干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)卫星基线获取过程中涉及到的“小型宽波束”全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)天线和“大型窄波束”SAR天线,首先,研究了两型天线的相位中心特性,之后,开展了天线相位中心对基线的影响分析,明确了分布式InSAR卫星相位中心的研究重点在于双星间天线相位中心准确度和稳定度的一致性控制;结合工程研制,最后,给出了两型天线相位中心不同的控制措施。文章的研究工作对分布式InSAR卫星系统的研制具有借鉴意义。

基于整网估计的星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨特性研究

星间链路(ISL)是我国北斗三号克服区域布站、实现高精度服务的关键,其天线相位中心偏差(PCO)在设备出厂时会依据质量、设计姿态进行地面标定,但在卫星发射、入轨及在轨阶段,燃料消耗、天线展开姿态等均会引起卫星质量与姿态的变化,这将导致在轨的PCO与地面标定值不一致,该变化量会作为误差引入到测量值,进而影响卫星轨道确定精度。因此,该文研究了在轨卫星的星间链路天线相位中心偏差标定方法,联合星间、星地观测,建立了基于整网估计的星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨估计方法,并利用两周的实测数据进行对北斗三号所有中轨卫星(MEO)进行验证,同时结合卫星生产商、轨道面进行在轨特性的详细分析,最后验证了其对轨道确定精度的影响。结果表明,该文方法可有效估计在轨卫星星间链路天线相位中心偏差,并发现,卫星在轨后大部分卫星的星间链路天线相位中心偏差基本与地面一致,但C36,C37,C41,C42卫星在Z方向与地面标定值存在15 cm左右的偏差,C25,C26,C43,C44在Y轴上存在符号相反的现象,且数值上有10 cm左右的偏差,C25,C26卫星在Z方向上存在近30 cm的偏差,正确标定在轨卫星星间链路天线相位中心偏差后,相比地面标定产品,轨道精度可提升15%。

不同接收机北斗天线相位中心改正模型定轨性能分析

为建立北斗精密定轨接收机天线相位中心改正(phase center correction, PCC)模型最优化策略,首先对GPS的IGb R3和IGb 14标定值进行比较,两组模型值差异较小,表明在未提供北斗接收机天线IGb 14标定值的情况下采用IGb R3标定值代替具有可行性。进一步,设计PCC赋0、GPS L1/L2频点改正值代替、IGb R3标定值代替3组接收机PCC模型分析其对北斗精密定轨的影响。结果表明,接收机天线相位中心偏差(phas center offset, PCO)对精密定轨影响较大,对于北斗三号精密轨道,采用IGb R3模型的结果最优,其平均轨道拟合精度为3.4 cm;使用GPS的L1/L2代替值次之。最新框架下北斗接收机精确PCC模型公布前,推荐采用IGb R3值用于北斗三号精密轨道解算。