Storage and exchange thermal characteristic analysis of phase change wallboard room with different conditions

Based on the phase change material (PCM) thermal characteristic,some testing methods such as differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) etc were used to select the low melting mixture of capric and lauric acid as PCM of phase change wallboard (PCW). The PCW room was established,and some contrast analysis of the storage and exchange thermal characteristic of PCW room and ordinary wall room were made under different conditions. The results show that the fluctuation of indoor air temperature in PCW room is smaller than that in ordinary room obviously. The exchange energy of PCM room with outdoor is less than that of ordinary wall room. In the winter condition,PCW room utilizes valley period electricity to storage energy in the night,while releases at peak period electricity in daytime,which can divert 40% of peak load. In the summer condition,PCW room can reduce the peak cooling load by 25% compared with ordinary wall room.

Cool storage time of phase change wallboard room in summer

More and more attention was paid to phase change energy storage in air conditioning domain and construction energy conservation,and became the focus of the international research. Through the test and analysis of the parameters of the indoor thermal property in phase change wallboard room and ordinary room,the effects of using phase change wallboards on indoor temperature in summer and air conditioning are obtained. The combination of construct enclosure and phase change materials can stabilize indoor temperature,improve indoor thermal comfort,reduce the frequency of the operation of air conditioning facility,cut the initial investment and operation expense,and meanwhile play an practical role in "the power balancing between the peak period and the valley period" policy. Through the experiment and the test of the effects exerted by phase change wallboard room and ordinary room on the indoor thermal environment,it is obtained that the phase change wallboard can reduce the fluctuation range of indoor temperature and the heat flow from the outside into indoor environment in summer. According to the study,it is found that the effect of cool-storing for 5 h is obvious. Through the analysis of the phase change wallboard without air conditioning in daytime,it is obtained that the frequency of the operation of air conditioning in phase change wallboard room is smaller than that in the ordinary room,which can prolong the lifetime of the facility and reduce operation expense.

Time-Temperature Charge Function of a High Dynamic Thermal Heat Storage with Phase Change Material

A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorbing solar heat, heat from co-generation and heat pumps or electric heat from excess wind and solar power. The storage system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that is so powerful that even with small temperature differences between the flow temperature and the storage temperature a high load dynamic is achieved. The storage system has a performance of 2.8 kW at 4 K and 10.6 kW at a temperature difference of 10 K. Thus, large performance variations in solar thermal systems or CHP plants can be buffered very well. Further a storage charge function Q(T, t) will be presented to characterize the performance of the storage.

Performance of a Phase Change Material Battery in a Transparent Building

This research evaluates the performance of a Phase Change Material(PCM)battery integrated into the climate system of a new transparent meeting center.The main research questions are:a.“Can the performance of the battery be calculated?”and b.“Can the battery reduce the heating and cooling energy demand in a significant way?”The first question is answered in this document.In order to be able to answer the second question,especially the way the heat loading in winter should be improved,then more research is necessary.In addition to the thermal battery,which consists of Phase Change Material plates,the climate system has a cross-flow heat exchanger and a heat pump.The battery should play a central role in closing the thermal balance of the lightweight building,which can be loaded with hot return or cold outdoor air.The temperature of the battery plates is monitored by multi-sensors and simulated by the use of PHOENICS(Computational Fluid Dynamics)and MATLAB.This paper reports reasonable agreement between the numerical predictions and the measurements,with a maximum variance of 10%.The current coefficient of performance for heating and cooling is already high,more than 27.There is scope for increasing this much further by making use of the very low-pressure difference of the battery(below 25 Pascal),low pressure fans and the ventilation system as a whole.

Heat Storage/Heat Release of Phase-Change Filling Body with Casing Heat Exchanger for Extracting Geothermal Energy

Arranging heat exchanger in filling body to extract geothermal energy is an effective way to alleviate the problems of high ground pressure and high ground temperature in deep resource exploitation.Filling body with casing heat exchanger was acted as research object,encapsulating phase change materials(PCMs)in annular space.During heat storage and heat release process,the effects of different PCMs on temperature distribution,phase-change process and heat transfer performance were studied.The result indicates:During heat storage process,the temperature increases rapidly and the melting process is accelerated for the position closer surrounding rock.CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/EG can make filling body complete heat storage process in the shortest time because of its good thermal diffusivity.The heat storage capacity of PCMs backfill is significantly higher than that of ordinary backfill;it increases by 36.6%-67.3%at heat storage of 10 h.During heat release process,the closer to the heat exchange tube,the greater the temperature drop in filling body.The maximum value of heat release rate and heat release capacity is in CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/EG backfill,it can release 116.4%more heat than RT35backfill after heat release of 12 h,the maximum value of effectiveness and its heat transfer rate also is in CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/EG backfill.This paper provides the basic data for the selection of PCMs in phase-change thermal storage filling body.

Melting/solidification of phase change material in a multi-tube heat exchanger in the presence of metal foam:effect of the geometrical configuration of tubes

One of the likely methods for enhancing heat transfer in a latent thermal energy storage system is the conception of a thermal unit.In this study,the orientation of oval tubes(horizontal,vertical,and oblique)in phase change material(PCM,C_(19)-C_(20))-based shell-tube heat exchanger was analyzed with respect to the metal foam(MF)type(graphite,copper,and nickel)in comparison to the case of pure PCM.For this purpose,a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to investigate the thermal efficiency of the PCM-metal foam based composite energy storage unit.It was concluded that the orientation of the oval tubes(oblique,horizontal,and vertical)has a negligible impact on the performance of the thermal unit during the melting/solidification processes.Based on the liquid/solid fraction,total enthalpy and the average temperature in the annular space,the performance of a heat exchanger during fusion/solidification periods is in the order:copper-MF>graphite-MF>nickel-MF>pure PCM.Whatever the adopted MF or the geometry of tubes,the melting process is expedited compared to the solidification mechanism.

三套管式加肋相变蓄热单元的强化传热特性

相变蓄热技术在利用工业余热、太阳能等解决热能与用户之间的供需不平衡问题方面起着重要的作用,然而受相变材料自身物性的限制,蓄热熔化时仍存在蓄热速度低、熔化不均匀等问题。本文以三套管式相变蓄热单元为基本结构,利用FLUENT软件模拟研究了在考虑自然对流情况下添加纵向肋片的不同参数(肋片数量、长度、厚度、偏心距及肋片排布方式)对三套管式相变蓄热单元蓄热性能的影响。结果表明,三套管式蓄热单元内外双壁面共同加热,与普通套管式蓄热单元相比,换热面积增大,相变材料全部熔化需要的时间缩短;加装纵向直肋片的三套管蓄热单元的熔化速度进一步加快,相同数量肋片下,肋片的长度和厚度是影响蓄热单元蓄热量与平均蓄热速率的主要因素,肋片长度占相变材料区域径向长度的50%时,蓄热单元的熔化速度加快幅度明显且蓄热量与平均蓄热速率较高。通过优化设计,发现内管向下偏移距离e对相变材料的熔化过程作用显著,偏心距离较短时相变材料完全熔化所需时间最少,相比光滑管蓄热单元,相变材料的熔化速率提升了48.5%,偏移距离过长则会延长蓄热时间;通过加密蓄热单元底部外层肋片的排布,蓄热单元的熔化进程有不同程度的加快,总体蓄热速率较原肋片结构有所提高。

水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统实验研究

针对河北山区农村水源不足、地源钻井成本高、太阳能不稳定、造价高、没有合适的热泵低温热源等问题,研发了水-冰相变换热器;利用水的相变潜热作为热泵的低温热源,设计了水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统,搭建了实验平台,经测试平台运行稳定可靠。通过对实验数据进行分析计算,得到系统性能系数在2.87~3.42之间。研究结果可为解决河北山区农村供暖问题提供参考。

管翅式相变储热系统结构/热源条件强化传热数值模拟研究

基于焓法的凝固/熔化模型,在考虑自然对流的情况下,建立管壳式相变换热器的熔化模型,并研究管翅片布局和热边界条件对相变材料瞬态熔化行为的影响机理。针对均匀的管翅片布局和恒定壁温热边界条件,设计一种具有方形波动热源的偏心结构,并对两者之间的强化传热规律进行比较和分析。结果表明,偏心布局可使相同传热面积中热传递盲区的熔化得到改善,而方形波动热源可增强前熔化阶段中央区域的自然对流;能量存储参数对比表明,相比原始结构,偏心布局结构或方形波动热源的熔化时间分别缩短12.5%和6.25%,而同时优化热源和结构的熔化时间缩短31.25%。方形波动热源和偏心结构能显著提高换热器的熔化速率。

基于翅片管的固-液相变储热型换热器的模拟研究

针对现有的余热回收技术在低温余热回收方面较为落后的问题,以90℃水为输入热流体、60号石蜡为相变材料对低温蓄热换热器进行设计。采用Fluent进行仿真模拟,针对翅片管的翅片大小和数目进行储热放热仿真,并针对换热管数量进行了研究。结果表明,大翅片储热500 s时相变材料平均液态分数比小翅片和无翅片分别提升45.5%和81.3%,更能促进相变材料的储热放热效率;放热500 s时大翅片、小翅片、无翅片出口水温分别升高0.5℃、0.4℃和0.2℃,其中大翅片温度最高、最稳定;增加翅片层数的模拟结果可见,随着翅片层数增加,储热1000 s时,采用1、2、3个翅片平均液态分数分别为0.36、0.47和0.58,储热放热效果增强,相变材料熔化、冷凝平均速率增快;放热600 s时,采用1、2、3个翅片出口水温分别升高0.21℃、0.26℃和0.36℃,稳定性增强,可为余热回收中的低温余热回收提供技术指导。

潜热储能系统热力特性研究及应用分析

研究搭建了一小试规模的潜热储能系统,能对200~300℃的热量进行存储、释放,通过不同方式表征所使用相变材料的物理性质,研究其与应用场景的匹配性,同时分析所设计系统循环过程中的参数变化,研究系统热力特性。试验结果表明:所用二元硝酸盐能够稳定的储存温度200~290℃的余热,所使用的带螺旋型翅片换热管的潜热储能系统具有较高的热效率,试验台储热耗时51.75 min,完成47.809 MJ的能量储存,放热耗时43.5 min,释放出46.209 MJ能量,系统的储热效率为79.16%,放热效率为79.15%。在系统的循环过程中,系统累计输入能量60.398 MJ,输出能量36.578 MJ,循环效率为60.56%。

Experimental research and numerical simulation of the thermal performance of a tube-fin cold energy storage unit using water/modified expanded graphite as the phase change material

In this study,experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on a tube-fin heat-exchanger latent-heat cold energy storage unit.The fin side of the heat exchanger was filled with water as the energy storage medium,and modified expanded graphite(MEG)was employed to improve the thermal characteristics of water.The water contact angle of the expanded graphite decreased from 106.31°to 0°,and the hydrophilicity and the absorption rate of water significantly improved after the modification.Moreover,the experimental analyses of the charge/discharge process showed that the cooling capacity of the system filled with 90 wt.%water/MEG was 80.8%of that of pure water,whereas its cooling time was only 69.7%of that of pure water.The average power increased by 15.9%compared with that of water.The system filled with 90 wt.%water/MEG completed two energy charging and discharging cycles,whereas the system filled with water completed only 1.5 cycles within 15000 s.Furthermore,the effects of the flow rate and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on the charging process were explored.Finally,a numerical model was built and validated to investigate the phase change behavior and the effect of the structure size on the performance of the system.The heat-exchanger fin spacing had no significant effect on the cold energy storage unit,whereas the vertical spacing of the tube pass had the highest effect.It can be concluded that the heat exchanger combined with high-thermal-conductivity water/MEG exhibits better energy storage capacity and working power,showing a wide application prospect in the field of cold energy storage.

管壳式相变蓄热器的蓄释热过程性能分析

【目的】探究相变蓄热器不同布置方式对相变过程的影响,进一步分析多管蓄热器的简化方式。【方法】基于焓-孔隙率法建立管壳式石蜡蓄热器蓄释热过程计算模型,研究卧式、立式布置下单管外石蜡的相变过程,并分别对比单管、多管蓄热器顺排及周期性错排等对其蓄释热过程的影响。【结果】卧式单管蓄热时长比立式缩短了18%,但二者释热时长相差不大;与蓄热过程不同,释热过程以热传导为主要传热方式,因此相对缓慢,释热时长相比蓄热时长增加了20%以上。多管蓄热器蓄释热过程所需时长略大于单管蓄热器,但其增加时长均未超过10%,蓄释热速率曲线基本与单管一致。通过进一步研究发现,当多管蓄热器中每根管周围包裹的石蜡体积及包裹方式相同时,不同排布方式不会对蓄释热过程产生较大影响。【结论】相比立式布置,卧式布置可有效提升单管外石蜡的熔化速度,且蓄热过程的强化效果相比释热过程更明显。此外,在分析多管蓄热器蓄释热过程性能时,可采用单管或部分周期性管道进行简化。

相变储热系统热性能强化技术研究进展

相变储热技术利用材料在相变过程存储大量潜热量,可有效解决可再生能源利用的不稳定性和波动性问题。相变储热技术虽然具有高蓄热量,但是存在相变材料导热系数小的问题,导致系统换热效率较低,在实际应用中被限制。本文概述当前相变储热系统性能强化技术,并从提高材料导热性、优化装置结构、调整系统布局三个层面对国内外研究现状进行全面回顾,总结不同换热强化技术对储热系统蓄热/放热过程热性能的影响,探讨相变储热系统性能强化技术的发展前景,为相变储热技术在电力系统、能源、化工、建筑等领域的应用提供参考。

有机热载体余热锅炉耦合相变换热器解决焦炉烟气结露性堵塞的研究

焦炉烟气中的NH4HSO4等杂质不仅会造成余热锅炉堵塞和腐蚀,还会给焦炉后续节能环保设备的运行带来危害,直接影响企业经济效益和设备稳定运行。通过对NH4HSO4形成的机理分析,提出一种有机热载体余热锅炉和相变换热加热器耦合的工艺设计替代传统余热锅炉,提高烟气换热面的壁面温度,降低烟气酸腐蚀和堵塞的风险。某焦化厂应用该工艺进行改造后,系统实现了安全稳定运行,年产生直接经济效益910万元。

Enhanced Phase Change Heat Storage of Layered Backfill Body under Different Boundary Conditions

In view of the high temperature problem faced by mining activities,the coordinated mining of ore deposit and geothermal energy is a solution in line with the concept of green mining.The layered backfill body with finned double-pipe heat exchanger continuously exchanges heat with the surrounding thermal environment,which plays an effective role in gathering geothermal energy.In this paper,the heat storage process of each layered backfill body under different boundary conditions is simulated by Fluent.The results show the heat storage characteristic of layered backfill body can be significantly improved by adding fins to the double-pipe heat exchanger.On the whole,the heat storage effect of bottom layer backfill body(BLBB)is the best.The total heat storage capacity of top layer backfill body(TLBB),middle layer backfill body(MLBB)and BLBB with the finned double-pipe heat exchanger is 666.3 kJ,662.2 kJ,1003.0 kJ;1639.0 kJ,1760.8 kJ,1911.2 kJ and 1731.1 kJ,1953.3 kJ,1962.8 kJ respectively at 1 h,8 h and 24 h.This study explores the law of heat storage of layered backfill body under different boundary conditions and also expands the idea for layered backfill body to efficiently accumulate geothermal energy.

微通道换热器的研究进展及其应用前景

详细总结了微通道换热器的研究进展以及发展前景;概括阐述了微通道换热器具有的常规尺寸设备所无可比拟的优越性;从节约能源和占地面积的角度分析了微通道换热器的应用领域及前景。

相变储能材料的相变过程温度模型

基于集总参数法和矩形相变等效比热假设建立了相变材料的相变过程温度模型.该模型与实验结果吻合很好.利用该模型定量研究了环境温度、相变潜热、相变温度范围和换热效率等多种因素对相变行为的影响,初步得出如下结论:环境温度对相变开始时间和持续时间均有明显影响,随着环境温度的升高,该二时间呈指数形式下降;相变材料的潜热对相变开始时间没有影响,对相变持续时间有明显影响,持续时间随潜热线性增加;相变温度范围对相变开始时间也没有影响,而相变持续时间随相变温度范围的增加平缓地增加;相变材料与环境之间的换热效率显著影响相变过程开始和持续的时间,二者随换热效率的提高呈指数形式下降.

绕管式换热器壳侧降膜流动和相变传热的数值模拟

为了定量描述绕管式换热器壳侧降膜蒸发特性并进而优化换热器结构,建立了绕管式换热器壳侧降膜蒸发过程流动与传热的数值模型。首先对降膜流动过程中流型变化和传热传质机理进行分析;通过对降膜流动过程液膜所受表面张力、重力和剪切力的计算,实现层状流、柱状流和滴状流等不同流型的模拟;通过管壁面和气液交界面的组分守恒建立降膜蒸发过程的传质子模型,并基于传质速率计算得出潜热传热速率。将数值模拟结果与已有文献中实验数据进行了对比,结果显示89%的模拟数据与实验数据偏差不超过25%;模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。基于提出的模型,对不同工况下的绕管式换热器壳侧降膜蒸发传热传质规律进行了分析。

相变乳状液在蛇形管中的流动和传热特性

用正十四烷、复合表面活化剂和水制成O/W型相变乳状液作为相变蓄冷及传热介质,对其作为非牛顿流体和固液两相流的流动和传热特点进行了分析,通过测试得出不同浓度乳状液在蛇形管道中的对流换热Nυ数和摩擦系数,并给出了换热和阻力的无量纲关联式。指出了对这类特殊相变蓄冷材料作进一步研究的方向。