Ultra wideband CMOS digital T-type attenuator with low phase errors

A proposed inductive-phase-compensation ultra wideband CMOS digital T-type attenuator design based on an analysis of minimising phase errors is presented in this letter.In a standard CMOS technology,the proposed attenuator is analytically demonstrated to have low phase errors due to the inductive-phase-compensation network.A design equation is inferred and a wide-band 4dB attenuation bit digital attenuator with low phase errors is designed as a test vehicle for the proposed approach.

ZERO PHASE ERROR REAL TIME CONTROL FOR FLIGHT SIMULATOR SERVO SYSTEM

Flight simulator is an important device and a typical high performance position servo system used in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of flight control system.Without using the future desired output, zero phase error controller makes the overall system's frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a very small gain error at low frequency range can be achieved.A new algorithm to design the feedforward controller is presented, in order to reduce the phase error, the design of proposed feedforward controller uses a modified plant model, which is a closed loop transfer function, through which the system tracking precision performance can be improved greatly.Real-time control results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in flight simulator servo system.

QFT control based on zero phase error compensation for flight simulator

To improve the robustness of high-precision servo systems, quantitative feedback theory (QFT) which aims to achieve a desired robust design over a specified region of plant uncertainty is proposed. The robust design problem can be solved using QFT but it fails to guarantee a high precision tracking. This problem is solved by a robust digital QFT control scheme based on zero phase error (ZPE) feed forward compensation. This scheme consists of two parts: a QFT controller in the closed-loop system and a ZPE feed-forward compensator. Digital QFT controller is designed to overcome the uncertainties in the system. Digital ZPE feed forward controller is used to improve the tracking precision. Simulation and real-time examples for flight simulator servo system indicate that this control scheme can guarantee both high robust performance and high position tracking precision.

Study on fast calibration of a ULA's gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA's gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.

Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.

Effects of systematic phase errors on optimized quantum random-walk search algorithm

This study investigates the effects of systematic errors in phase inversions on the success rate and number of iterations in the optimized quantum random-walk search algorithm.Using the geometric description of this algorithm,a model of the algorithm with phase errors is established,and the relationship between the success rate of the algorithm,the database size,the number of iterations,and the phase error is determined.For a given database size,we obtain both the maximum success rate of the algorithm and the required number of iterations when phase errors are present in the algorithm.Analyses and numerical simulations show that the optimized quantum random-walk search algorithm is more robust against phase errors than Grover's algorithm.

DOA estimation for mixed signals with gain-phase error array

Most of the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation methods often need the exact array manifold, but in actual applications,the gain and phase of the channels are usually inconsistent, which will cause the estimation invalid. A novel direction finding approach for mixed far-field and near-field signals with gain-phase error array is provided. Based on simplifying the space spectrum function by matrix transformation, DOA of far-field signals is obtained. Consequently, errors of the array are acquired according to the orthogonality of far-field signal subspace and noise subspace.Finally, DOA of near-field signals can be estimated. The method merely needs one-dimensional spectrum searching, so as to improve the computational efficiency on the premise of ensuring a certain accuracy, simulation results manifest the effectiveness of the method.

Adaptive Zero Phase Error Feedforward Method for Robotic Force Control

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Zero phase error control based on neural compensation for flight simulator servo system

Using the future desired input value, zero phase error controller enables the overall system’s frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a small gain error at low frequency range, and based on this, a new algorithm is presented to design the feedforward controller. However, zero phase error controller is only suitable for certain linear system. To reduce the tracking error and improve robustness, the design of the proposed feedforward controller uses a neural compensation based on diagonal recurrent neural network. Simulation and real-time control results for flight simulator servo system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Sensor array calibration for uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors

The sensor array calibration methods tailored to uniform rectangular array(URA)in the presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors were addressed.First,the mutual coupling model of the URA was studied,and then a set of steering vectors corresponding to distinct locations were numerically computed with the help of several time-disjoint auxiliary sources with known directions.Then,the optimization modeling with respect to the array error matrix(defined by the product of mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain-and-phase errors matrix)was constructed.Two preferable algorithms(called algorithm I and algorithm II)were developed to minimize the cost function.In algorithm I,the array error matrix was regarded as a whole parameter to be estimated,and the exact solution was available.Compared to some existing algorithms with the similar computation framework,algorithm I can make full use of the potentially linear characteristics of URA's error matrix,thus,the calibration precision was obviously enhanced.In algorithm II,the array error matrix was decomposed into two matrix parameters to be optimized.Compared to algorithm I,it can further decrease the number of unknowns and,thereby,yield better estimation accuracy.However,algorithm II was incapable of producing the closed-form solution and the iteration operation was unavoidable.Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the two novel algorithms compared to some existing calibration algorithms.

The Influence of Carrier Phase Error on the Performances of Digital Image m-QAM Transmission System

The effect of carrier phase error in digital image transmission system is discussed. Code error rate and SNR with carrier phase error in Gauss white noise channel are calculated, and the transmission system is simulated on computer.

Accurate and robust estimation of phase error and its uncertainty of 50 GHz bandwidth sampling circuit

This paper discusses the dependence of the phase error on the 50 GHz bandwidth oscilloscope's sampling circuitry. We give the definition of the phase error as the difference between the impulse responses of the NTN (nose-to-nose) estimate and the true response of the sampling circuit. We develop a method to predict the NTN phase response arising from the internal sampling circuitry of the oscilloscope. For the default sampling-circuit configuration that we examine, our phase error is approximately 7.03° at 50 GHz. We study the sensitivity of the oscilloscope's phase response to parametric changes in sampling-circuit component values. We develop procedures to quantify the sensitivity of the phase error to each component and to a combination of components that depend on the fractional uncertainty in each of the model parameters as the same value, ±10%. We predict the upper and lower bounds of phase error, that is, we vary all of the circuit parameters simultaneously in such a way as to increase the phase error, and then vary all of the circuit parameters to decrease the phase error. Based on Type B evaluation, this method qualifies the impresses of all parameters of the sampling circuit and gives the value of standard uncertainty, 1.34°. This result is developed at the first time and has important practical uses. It can be used for phase calibration in the 50 GHz bandwidth large signal network analyzers (LSNAs).

Studies on absorption coefficients of dual-energy γ-rays and measur-ing error correction for multiphase fraction determination

In this article, principle and mathematical method of determining the phase fractions of multiphase flows by using a dual-energy γ -ray system have been described. The dual-energy γ -ray device is composed of radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 137Cs with γ -ray energies of 59.5 and 662 keV, respectively. A rational method to calibrate the absorption coefficient was introduced in detail. The modified arithmetic is beneficial to removing the extra Compton scattering from the measured value. The result shows that the dual-energy γ -ray technique can be used in three-phase flow with average accuracy greater than 95%, which enables us to determine phase fractions almost independent of the flow regime. Improvement has been achieved on measurement accuracy of phase fractions.

A multimode DLL with trade-off between multiphase and static phase error

A multimode DLL with trade-off between multiphase and static phase error is presented. By adopting a multimode control circuit to regroup the delay line, a better static phase error performance can be achieved while reducing the number of output phases. The DLL accomplishes three operation modes: mode1 with a four-phase output, mode2 with a two-phase output and a better static phase error performance, and mode3 with only a onephase output but the best static phase error performance. The proposed DLL has been fabricated in 0.13 m CMOS technology and measurement results show that the static phase errors of mode1, mode2 and mode3 are –18.2 ps,11.8 ps and 6:44 ps, respectively, at 200 MHz. The measured RMS and peak-to-peak jitters of mode1, mode2 and mode3 are 2.0 ps, 2.2 ps, 2.1 ps and 10 ps, 9.3 ps, 10 ps respectively.

IDENTIFICATION OF PHASE ERROR BY MULTI-SAMPLING DIGITAL TANLOCKED LOOP(MS-DTL)

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A Modified Regression Estimator for Single Phase Sampling in the Presence of Observational Errors

In this paper, a regression method of estimation has been used to derive the mean estimate of the survey variable using simple random sampling without replacement in the presence of observational errors. Two covariates were used and a case where the observational errors were in both the survey variable and the covariates was considered. The inclusion of observational errors was due to the fact that data collected through surveys are often not free from errors that occur during observation. These errors can occur due to over-reporting, under-reporting, memory failure by the respondents or use of imprecise tools of data collection. The expression of mean squared error (MSE) based on the obtained estimator has been derived to the first degree of approximation. The results of a simulation study show that the derived modified regression mean estimator under observational errors is more efficient than the mean per unit estimator and some other existing estimators. The proposed estimator can therefore be used in estimating a finite population mean, while considering observational errors that may occur during a study.

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR ELIMINATING PHASE-SHIFT ERROR IN PHASE SHIFTING INTERFEROMETRY

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Solar image reconstruction method under atmospheric turbulence at Fuxian Lake Solar Observatory

Strong atmospheric turbulence reduces astronomical seeing,causing speckle images acquired by ground-based solar telescopes to become blurred and distorted.Severe distortion in speckle images impedes image phase deviation in the speckle masking reconstruction method,leading to the appearance of spurious imaging artifacts.Relying only on linear image degradation principles to reconstruct solar images is insufficient.To solve this problem,we propose the multiframe blind deconvolution combined with non-rigid alignment(MFBD-CNRA)method for solar image reconstruction.We consider image distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence and use non-rigid alignment to correct pixel-level distortion,thereby achieving nonlinear constraints to complement image intensity changes.After creating the corrected speckle image,we use the linear method to solve the wavefront phase,obtaining the target image.We verify the effectiveness of our method results,compared with others,using solar observation data from the 1 m new vacuum solar telescope(NVST).This new method successfully reconstructs high-resolution images of solar observations with a Fried parameter r0 of approximately 10 cm,and enhances images at high frequency.When r0 is approximately 5 cm,the new method is even more effective.It reconstructs the edges of solar graining and sunspots,and is greatly enhanced at mid and high frequency compared with other methods.Comparisons confirm the effectiveness of this method,with respect to both nonlinear and linear constraints in solar image reconstruction.This provides a suitable solution for image reconstruction in ground-based solar observations under strong atmospheric turbulence.

基于均匀相位采样提高阻抗谱测量精度的研究

周期性信号采样中,等效采样利用较低采样频率的A/D转换实现高频周期信号的采集,一定程度上弥补欠采样测量精度低的缺陷。为了有效地提高高频测量中阻抗谱测量精度与稳定性,提出一种基于等效采样思想的均匀相位采样的阻抗谱测量方法。利用单片机共时钟基准的模/数转换器(digital to analog convertor,DAC)与数/模转换器(analog to digital convertor,ADC)模块,在完成激励信号产生、输入输出信号同步采集的基础上,合理设计激励信号频率、采集频率与信号重构方法,实现高频信号单周期内均匀相位分布的等效高频采样,同时为克服常规A/D转换速度条件下难以准确实现高频阻抗谱测量的问题提供了新思路。从误差假设与拟合算法的角度,理论上分析证明了该方法降低误差的原因。并通过两种等效电路模型的阻抗谱测量对比实验,表明该方法在所设计的20~100 kHz高频段上,阻抗测量精度与稳定性得到了显著的提高。