Design of Seven-core Photonic Crystal Fiber with Flat In-phase Mode for Yb: Fiber Laser Pumping

We numerically investigate the seven-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with the zero dispersion wavelength designed in the range of 1000 - 1080 nm, particularly suitable for the ytterbium-doped fiber laser pumping. Also, the PCFs are well designed for obtaining a flat in-phase mode by carefully adjusting the diameter of inner layer six holes, and the corresponding empirical values of fiber structure are summarized and listed. The variations of inner six holes to the amplitude of in-phase mode are further investigated, and our results show that a better tolerance can be achieved in the fiber structures with lower filling ratio configuration.

Voltage and Current Mode Vector Analyses of Correction Procedure Application to Clarke’s Matrix—Symmetrical Three-Phase Cases

Clarke’s matrix has been applied as a phase-mode transformation matrix to three-phase transmission lines substituting the eigenvector matrices. Considering symmetrical untransposed three-phase lines, an actual symmetrical three-phase line on untransposed conditions is associated with Clarke’s matrix for error and frequency scan analyses in this paper. Error analyses are calculated for the eigenvalue diagonal elements obtained from Clarke’s matrix. The eigenvalue off-diagonal elements from the Clarke’s matrix application are compared to the correspondent exact eigenvalues. Based on the characteristic impedance and propagation function values, the frequency scan analyses show that there are great differences between the Clarke’s matrix results and the exact ones, considering frequency values from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. A correction procedure is applied obtaining two new transformation matrices. These matrices lead to good approximated results when compared to the exact ones. With the correction procedure applied to Clarke’s matrix, the relative values of the eigenvalue matrix off-diagonal element obtained from Clarke’s matrix are decreased while the frequency scan results are improved. The steps of correction procedure application are detailed, investigating the influence of each step on the obtained two new phase-mode transformation matrices.

Elimination of bistability in constant-phase mode in atomic force microscopy

By presenting the phase properties of bistability in amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy, we put forward a technique, the constant-phase mode, which may eliminate bistability. Using this approach, we keep the phase shift between driving and oscillation constant, slightly above -90°. In addition to the adjustment of the free amplitude, we add to amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy another feedback so that the tip always oscillates in the high-amplitude state. A numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate that the algorithm prevents bistability effectively.

Phase synchronization processing method for alternating bistatic mode in distributed SAR

In the distributed synthetic aperture radar （SAR）, the alternating bistatic mode can perform phase reference without a synchronization link between two satellites compared with the pulsed alternate synchronization method. The key of the phase synchronization processing is to extract the oscillator phase differences from the bistatic echoes. A signal model of phase synchronization in the alternating bistatic mode is presented. The phase synchronization processing method is then studied. To reduce the phase errors introduced by SAR imaging, a sub-aperture processing method is proposed. To generalize the sub-aperture processing method, an echo-domain processing method using correlation of bistatic echoes is proposed. Finally, the residual phase errors of the both proposed processing methods are analyzed. Simulation experiments validate the proposed phase synchronization processing method and its phase error analysis results.

Phase Transition and Quasinormal Modes for Spherical Black Holes in 5D Gauss–Bonnet Gravity

We study the quasinormal modes（QNMs） of massless scalar perturbations to probe the van der Waals like SBH/LBH phase transition of anti-de Sitter black holes in five-dimensional（5D） Gauss–Bonnet gravity. It is found that the signature of this SBH/LBH phase transition is detected when the slopes of the QNMs frequency change drastically and differently in small and large black holes near the critical point. The obtained results further support that the QNMs can be a dynamic probe to investigate the thermodynamic properties in black holes.

Empirical mode decomposition of multiphase flows in porous media:characteristic scales and speed of convergence

We apply a proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)to data stemming from numerical simulations of a fingering instability in a multiphase flow passing through obstacles in a porous medium,to study water injection processes in the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs.We show that the time evolution of a properly defined flow correlation length can be used to identify the onset of the fingering instability.Computation of characteristic lengths for each of the modes resulting from the POD provides further information on the dynamics of the system.Finally,using numerical simulations with different viscosity ratios,we show that the convergence of the POD depends non-trivially on whether the fingering instability develops or not.This result has implications on proposed methods to decrease the dimensionality of the problem by deriving reduced dynamical systems after truncating the system’s governing equations to a few POD modes.

Topological phase diagrams and Majorana zero modes of the Kitaev ladder and tube

In this paper,we study two quasi-one-dimensional（1 D） Kitaev models with ladder-like and tube-like spatial structures,respectively.Our results provide the phase diagrams and explicit expressions of the Majorana zero modes.The topological phase diagrams are obtained by decomposing the topological invariants and the topological conditions for topologically nontrivial phases are given precisely.For systems which belongs to topological class BDI,we obtain the regions in the phase diagrams where the topological numbers show even-odd effect.For the Kitaev tube model a phase factor induced by the magnetic flux in the axial direction of the tube is introduced to alter the classification of the tube Hamiltonian from class BDI to D.The Kitaev tube of class D is characterized by the Z2 index when the number of chains is odd while 0,1,2 when the number of chains is even.The phase diagrams show periodic behaviors with respect to the magnetic flux.The bulk-boundary correspondence is demonstrated by the observations that the topological conditions for the bulk topological invariant to take nontrivial values are precisely those for the existence of the Majorana zero modes.

相变:生产方式如何塑造财产规则

当前关于数字时代财产权利的讨论持续不断,基本上可以分为两种类型:一种是针对较为具体的虚拟物品(如信息内容、游戏装备、账号、数据、虚拟币等),在特定场景中沿着既有法律框架或概念进行分析;一种则试图在原理上阐明数字时代究竟何种对象能够适用财产规则进行更好的保护,以及这种财产规则的构成要件为何,如按照“权利束”或“模块化”框架加以应用。有必要转换角度提问,即成熟的财产权利制度出现,不是因为法律研究主张为何种事物或利益赋予财产权就能自动实现,而是赋权的外部环境成熟了,才会催生相关利益主体提出主张,并推动相关利益在法律上得到确认和保护。违背生产秩序的产权结构和财产规则不可能出现在数字时代,在生产方式进行巨大调整时,财产规则和其他部门法律规则一样,都面临着双重历史任务:一是“破”,即挑战并打破传统制度,允许要素超越既有生产过程低成本流动;一是“立”,即根据生产方式要求树立反映特殊性的新制度,重新商定哪些要素和利益允许参与者继续占有和使用,划定边界。

适用于双馈风电场送出线的纵联方向保护研究

考虑风电场接入电网时,传统方向元件在短路故障发生时易受到风电场内部电力电子器件动态特性的干扰影响,导致频率特性偏移,系统参数不稳定和弱馈性等问题,使继电保护装置不能及时或正确判断故障发生区域。针对上述问题,首先对含有风电场的故障附加网络进行分析,寻找故障发生后纵联保护安装处各测量点电气量之间的关联性,确定其故障逻辑关系。其次通过对常用的相模变换解耦方式进行分析,选择一个合理的方法代入相关性表达式,根据相关系数值完成故障区域判定。最后利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建双馈风电场并网模型,设置各种不同的故障类型和场景,并利用Matlab进行保护算法验证,检验故障区域判断结果,验证所提保护方法的正确性与合理性,并且仿真结果表明该方法具有较高的可靠性。

基于S变换模能量分析的直流电缆故障测距

针对现有高压直流电缆故障定位方法故障定位精度低、定位模型泛化能力差等问题,文中在考虑电缆故障后故障点产生的暂态信号中含有丰富的故障信息的特征,提出一种时频域能量分析的故障测距方法。该方法利用多分类支持向量机(SVM)的特性构建直流电缆故障定位模型,利用直流电缆相模解耦矩阵对电缆电气量解耦,并采用S变换进行时频域变换,将得到的模量构造模能量,将其作为样本对SVM模型训练。实验结果表明,所提方法对于不同故障类型在不同过渡电阻及不同位置故障下均可进行准确测距。

Quantum metrology with two-mode squeezed thermal state: Parity detection and phase sensitivity

Based on the Wigner-function method, we investigate the parity detection and phase sensitivity in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with two-mode squeezed thermal state(TMSTS). Using the classical transformation relation of the MZI, we derive the input–output Wigner functions and then obtain the explicit expressions of parity and phase sensitivity.The results from the numerical calculation show that supersensitivity can be reached only if the input TMSTS have a large number photons.

固体激光器涡旋光束产生实验系统设计与实现

高质量的涡旋光束在量子信息、激光雷达、激光通信等领域有着广泛的应用前景。为了用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束,该文基于谐振腔模式与激光介质作用的速率方程,阐述了在二极管端面泵浦固体激光器中通过环形光泵浦产生拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光的原理。设计了环形光泵浦固体激光器产生涡旋光的实验方案并搭建了实验系统。实验产生了角向阶次为1阶、2阶的涡旋光束,相位涡旋手性可通过微调谐振腔输出镜调节。该实验能够使学生利用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束并观察涡旋光束的相位特性,有助于学生加深对激光谐振腔模式理论及涡旋光束相位特性的理解,为相关专业学生的课程教学提供有力支撑。

基于终端积分滑模的三相逆变器自适应下垂控制方法

针对并联逆变器传统下垂控制中电压电流双闭环方法的鲁棒性较差问题,提出了基于自适应鲁棒的终端积分滑模控制律的下垂控制策略。分析滑模控制的收敛速度、响应时间和抖振幅度三个指标,在终端滑模控制律中增加积分环节建立一类扩展滑模控制律。其次,针对系统参数扰动及直流源侧电压的不确定性,利用自适应鲁棒控制实现抑制扰动,将输出电压控制在参考电压的合适范围内,提高了系统的鲁棒性。最后,综合终端积分滑模控制律,根据LC型并联三相逆变器的下垂控制模型,实现逆变器输出电压的自适应鲁棒跟踪控制,有效实现孤岛模式下逆变电源并联干扰抑制。通过MATLAB/Simulink建立并联逆变器的仿真控制模型并进行电路实验,验证了本文控制器的可行性和有效性。

行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用

目的探讨行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(以下简称“慢阻肺”)稳定期患者中的应用效果。方法纳入南京市第一医院2021年6月至2022年6月门诊访视的112例慢阻肺稳定期患者进行前瞻性研究,通过随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各56例。对照组给予个案管理模式干预,观察组给予行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式。两组均连续干预6个月。比较干预前、干预6个月后呼吸功能[圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)、改良版英国医院研究委员会呼吸困难量表(m MRC)]、自我管理能力[健康行为能力自评量表(SRAHP)]。结果干预后,两组SGRQ、m MRC评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组SRAHP评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式提高慢阻肺稳定期患者的自我管理能力,改善呼吸功能,具有较好应用效果。

S波段MW级高效互耦磁控管模式分布调控

磁控管高效互耦锁相为基于电真空振荡器的高效率、高功率阵列提供了一种有效的技术方案。互耦结构的引入使得互耦磁控管整体上建立了新的谐振模式序列,其中满足互耦磁控管高效锁相的模式为期望的锁相模式。然而,锁相模式易受到模式序列中邻近模式的干扰,导致工作不稳定。提出一种等效电路与本征模分析相结合调控模式分布的方法,通过调控模式频率分隔,使锁相模式单模工作;同时建立磁控管工作模式与互耦结构耦合场匹配的谐振条件,实现磁控管的高效互耦锁相。为了验证该方法的有效性,设计了基于S波段MW级磁控管高效互耦模型,对锁相模式工作特性进行了粒子模拟,模拟结果表明互耦模型可以稳定工作在高效锁相模式:0相位差模式和π相位差模式,锁定频率约为2.545 GHz,接近磁控管单管自由振荡频率。每只磁控管的输出功率接近单管自由运行时的输出功率,电子效率与单管几乎相同,互耦锁相效率达到了99%,实现了高效锁相。

基于新型自适应滑模观测器的PMSM无传感器控制

为了实现无位置传感器控制策略在永磁同步电机中的应用,在传统滑模观测器的基础上提出了一种改进型的自适应滑模观测器算法。提出的改进型自适应滑模观测器中使用更平滑的sigmoid函数取代了传统的符号函数,并结合反电动势的自适应律有效地减少了提取的反电动势中包含的高频分量,避免了低通滤波器在使用过程中带来的抖振和相位延迟现象。最后反电动势中包含的转子位置信息与速度信息通过锁相环提取。为了验证模型的可行性,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型进行了仿真分析,并以TMS320F28377芯片为核心搭建了永磁同步电机硬件实验平台进行实验验证,仿真与实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。

Effects of rotation and gravity on an electro-magneto-thermoelastic medium with diffusion and voids by using the Lord-Shulman and dual-phase-lag models

The effects of rotation and gravity on an electro-magneto-thermoelastic medium with diffusion and voids in a generalized thermoplastic half-space are studied by using the Lord-Shulman (L-S) model and the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. The analytical solutions for the displacements, stresses, temperature, diffusion concentration, and volume fraction field with different values of the magnetic field, the rotation, the gravity, and the initial stress are obtained and portrayed graphically. The results indicate that the effects of gravity, rotation, voids, diffusion, initial stress, and electromagnetic field are very pronounced on the physical properties of the material.

基于改进型积分滑模观测器的PMSM无位置传感器控制

针对传统滑模观测器在位置估计过程中的抖振问题,设计一种易于实现的分段平方根切换函数代替传统不连续开关函数,并利用李雅普诺夫稳定性判据对其稳定性进行分析。针对传统锁相环在进行位置估计过程中对转速变化跟踪能力差的问题,提出一种改进锁相环,通过增加微分环节提高电机转速与位置的估计速度,通过增加速度负反馈环节提高系统在暂态过程中的动态性能。在此基础上,通过锁相与位置误差辨识机制,提出一种位置误差全补偿算法,解决了由滤波器、零阶状态保持器等相位延迟环节引起的位置估计误差问题。此外,该文利用形式简单的d-q坐标系电压方程建立滑模观测器,在采用PLL进行位置估计时,无需进行α-β坐标系下的位置误差构建。最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提方案可行性和有效性。

循环热力作用岩石I型断裂试验方法及其可行性研究

探明岩石在循环应力和循环温度作用后的断裂特性对于保障地下洞室压缩空气储能这一“双碳”工程的稳定性具有重要现实意义。提出了循环热力作用岩石I型断裂试验方法并对该试验方法的可行性进行了研究。为研究经循环应力和循环温度作用后的岩石受力变形特性和I型断裂特性,设计了相应的带裂缝岩石试件,并提出了相应的试验步骤;采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对设计的试件进行升降温和单轴压缩试验模拟,采用相场断裂方法模拟三点弯梁断裂试验,获得相应热力响应和裂缝路径,论证试验方法的适用性与可行性。数值模拟结果表明,所提出的试验方法可获得与理论解误差极小的温度场、应力场和裂缝扩展路径,可只对一个试件进行试验而获得循环热力作用过程中的岩石受力变形特性以及循环后的I型断裂特性。

三相有源电力滤波器重复滑模控制

有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的谐波电流控制直接影响着APF的滤波效果。针对指数趋近率容易产生抖振的问题,提出了一种变指数趋近率,并在dq坐标系下推导出了基于该变指数趋近率的APF滑模控制律。为提高APF对高次谐波的追踪能力,将重复控制和基于变指数趋近率的滑模控制并联,提出了一种APF的重复滑模控方法。仿真结果表明,相对于基于指数趋近率的滑模控制方法,提出的重复滑模控制方法具有更高的稳态精度,电网电流的谐波畸变率更低。