By applying the rules for the sum of quark oscillation probabilities for the original CKM matrix and for Wolfenstein’s parameterization, equations were derived in which the CP violating phase for quarks appears as an...By applying the rules for the sum of quark oscillation probabilities for the original CKM matrix and for Wolfenstein’s parameterization, equations were derived in which the CP violating phase for quarks appears as an unknown quantity. Quark oscillations occur in spaces that are on the femtometer scale and they are unmeasurable from the point of view of experiments. However, the consequence of those oscillations is the CP violating phase for quarks, which is measured through unitary triangles in Wolfenstein’s parameterization. Through the mathematical model presented in this paper, the equation in Wolfenstein’s parameterization was derived, the root of which is consistent with measurements in today’s quark physics.展开更多
In this paper, the interaction parameters in the subregular solution model, λ1 and λ2, are regarded as a linear function of temperature, T. Therefore, the molar excess Gibbs energy of A-B binary system may be reexpr...In this paper, the interaction parameters in the subregular solution model, λ1 and λ2, are regarded as a linear function of temperature, T. Therefore, the molar excess Gibbs energy of A-B binary system may be reexpressed as follows:Gm^E=xAxB[(λ11+λ12T)+(λ21+λ22T)xB]The calculation of the model parameters, λ11, λ12, λ21and λ22, was carried out numerically from the phase diagrams for 11 alkali metal-alkali halide or alkali earth metal-halide systems. In addition, artificial neural network trained by known data has been used to predict the values of these model parameters. The predicted results are in good agreement with the .calculated ones. The applicability of the subregular solution model to the alkali metal-alkali halide or alkali earth metal-halide systems were tested by comparing the available experimental composition along the boundary of miscibility gap with the calculated ones which were obtained by using genetic algorithm. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental results across the entire liquidus is valid evidence in support of the model.展开更多
The artificial neural network method has been applied to the relationship between the atomic parameters and intemction packeters of binary alloy Phases, and the principle of thermodynamics in combination with artifici...The artificial neural network method has been applied to the relationship between the atomic parameters and intemction packeters of binary alloy Phases, and the principle of thermodynamics in combination with artificial neural network method has been used for the computerized phase diagrams of continuous solid solution of bigamy alloy systems. The computerized phase diagrams well agree with the real phase diagmms.展开更多
We introduce the deformed boson operators which satisfy a deformed boson algebra in some special types of generalized noncommutative phase space. Based on the deformed boson algebra, we construct coherent state repres...We introduce the deformed boson operators which satisfy a deformed boson algebra in some special types of generalized noncommutative phase space. Based on the deformed boson algebra, we construct coherent state representations. We calculate the variances of the coordinate operators on the coherent states and investigate the corresponding Heisenberg uncertainty relations. It is found that there are some restriction relations of the noncommutative parameters in these special types of noncommutative phase space.展开更多
The cloud phase composition of cold clouds in the Antarctic atmosphere is explored using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization （CAL...The cloud phase composition of cold clouds in the Antarctic atmosphere is explored using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization （CALIOP） instruments for the period 2000-2006. We used the averaged fraction of liquid-phase clouds out of the total cloud amount at the cloud tops since the value is comparable in the two measurements. MODIS data for the winter months （June, July, and August） reveal liquid cloud fraction out of the total cloud amount significantly decreases with decreasing cloud-top temperature below 0°C. In addition, the CALIOP vertical profiles show that below the ice clouds, low-lying liquid clouds are distributed over ～20% of the area. With increasing latitude, the liquid cloud fraction decreases as a function of the local temperature. The MODIS-observed relation between the cloud-top liquid fraction and cloud-top temperature is then applied to evaluate the cloud phase parameterization in climate models, in which condensed cloud water is repartitioned between liquid water and ice on the basis of the grid point temperature. It is found that models assuming overly high cut-offs （ -40°C） for the separation of ice clouds from mixed-phase clouds may significantly underestimate the liquid cloud fraction in the winter Antarctic atmosphere. Correction of the bias in the liquid cloud fraction would serve to reduce the large uncertainty in cloud radiative effects.展开更多
云贵—华南准静止锋使其以北地区成为研究冬季雨雪过渡区内不同降水相态的理想平台。通过对2018年1月25—27日南方凝冻天气过程中天气学和云微物理参数的分析,定性探讨了次冻结层的温度与冰核活化温度对不同降水相态形成的影响,进而利...云贵—华南准静止锋使其以北地区成为研究冬季雨雪过渡区内不同降水相态的理想平台。通过对2018年1月25—27日南方凝冻天气过程中天气学和云微物理参数的分析,定性探讨了次冻结层的温度与冰核活化温度对不同降水相态形成的影响,进而利用耦合BTC降水相态诊断方案(简称“BTC方案”)的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,对本次凝冻天气的降水相态、冻雨发生区域与冻雨量进行数值模拟。结果表明:横贯云贵高原和南岭地区的准静止锋导致的锋前“冷—暖—冷”的温度垂直结构有利于多相态降水的形成。耦合BTC方案的WRF模式可模拟出不同降水相态落区的空间分布,其模拟冻雨落区时空分布与观测基本一致,但冰粒的空报率非常高。分析WRF模式模拟的多相态降水时温度、相对湿度和水成物的垂直分布特征,云内水成物初始相态为液态,在高空逆温层存在的前提下,次冻结层中冰核活化温度是区分冻雨和冰粒的临界指标且具有明确的物理机制。利用次冻结层中的冰核活化温度来代替BTC方案中有关冻雨和冰粒的判据后,冻雨落区预报准确率较BTC方案提高了13%,表明直接利用次冻结层的冰核活化温度判断冻雨可行。展开更多
文摘By applying the rules for the sum of quark oscillation probabilities for the original CKM matrix and for Wolfenstein’s parameterization, equations were derived in which the CP violating phase for quarks appears as an unknown quantity. Quark oscillations occur in spaces that are on the femtometer scale and they are unmeasurable from the point of view of experiments. However, the consequence of those oscillations is the CP violating phase for quarks, which is measured through unitary triangles in Wolfenstein’s parameterization. Through the mathematical model presented in this paper, the equation in Wolfenstein’s parameterization was derived, the root of which is consistent with measurements in today’s quark physics.
文摘In this paper, the interaction parameters in the subregular solution model, λ1 and λ2, are regarded as a linear function of temperature, T. Therefore, the molar excess Gibbs energy of A-B binary system may be reexpressed as follows:Gm^E=xAxB[(λ11+λ12T)+(λ21+λ22T)xB]The calculation of the model parameters, λ11, λ12, λ21and λ22, was carried out numerically from the phase diagrams for 11 alkali metal-alkali halide or alkali earth metal-halide systems. In addition, artificial neural network trained by known data has been used to predict the values of these model parameters. The predicted results are in good agreement with the .calculated ones. The applicability of the subregular solution model to the alkali metal-alkali halide or alkali earth metal-halide systems were tested by comparing the available experimental composition along the boundary of miscibility gap with the calculated ones which were obtained by using genetic algorithm. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental results across the entire liquidus is valid evidence in support of the model.
文摘The artificial neural network method has been applied to the relationship between the atomic parameters and intemction packeters of binary alloy Phases, and the principle of thermodynamics in combination with artificial neural network method has been used for the computerized phase diagrams of continuous solid solution of bigamy alloy systems. The computerized phase diagrams well agree with the real phase diagmms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11405060 and 11571119
文摘We introduce the deformed boson operators which satisfy a deformed boson algebra in some special types of generalized noncommutative phase space. Based on the deformed boson algebra, we construct coherent state representations. We calculate the variances of the coordinate operators on the coherent states and investigate the corresponding Heisenberg uncertainty relations. It is found that there are some restriction relations of the noncommutative parameters in these special types of noncommutative phase space.
基金funded by Ko-rean Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Earthquake Re-search 2010–1178, and US Department of Energy grantDE-FG02-01ER63257
文摘The cloud phase composition of cold clouds in the Antarctic atmosphere is explored using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization （CALIOP） instruments for the period 2000-2006. We used the averaged fraction of liquid-phase clouds out of the total cloud amount at the cloud tops since the value is comparable in the two measurements. MODIS data for the winter months （June, July, and August） reveal liquid cloud fraction out of the total cloud amount significantly decreases with decreasing cloud-top temperature below 0°C. In addition, the CALIOP vertical profiles show that below the ice clouds, low-lying liquid clouds are distributed over ～20% of the area. With increasing latitude, the liquid cloud fraction decreases as a function of the local temperature. The MODIS-observed relation between the cloud-top liquid fraction and cloud-top temperature is then applied to evaluate the cloud phase parameterization in climate models, in which condensed cloud water is repartitioned between liquid water and ice on the basis of the grid point temperature. It is found that models assuming overly high cut-offs （ -40°C） for the separation of ice clouds from mixed-phase clouds may significantly underestimate the liquid cloud fraction in the winter Antarctic atmosphere. Correction of the bias in the liquid cloud fraction would serve to reduce the large uncertainty in cloud radiative effects.
文摘云贵—华南准静止锋使其以北地区成为研究冬季雨雪过渡区内不同降水相态的理想平台。通过对2018年1月25—27日南方凝冻天气过程中天气学和云微物理参数的分析,定性探讨了次冻结层的温度与冰核活化温度对不同降水相态形成的影响,进而利用耦合BTC降水相态诊断方案(简称“BTC方案”)的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,对本次凝冻天气的降水相态、冻雨发生区域与冻雨量进行数值模拟。结果表明:横贯云贵高原和南岭地区的准静止锋导致的锋前“冷—暖—冷”的温度垂直结构有利于多相态降水的形成。耦合BTC方案的WRF模式可模拟出不同降水相态落区的空间分布,其模拟冻雨落区时空分布与观测基本一致,但冰粒的空报率非常高。分析WRF模式模拟的多相态降水时温度、相对湿度和水成物的垂直分布特征,云内水成物初始相态为液态,在高空逆温层存在的前提下,次冻结层中冰核活化温度是区分冻雨和冰粒的临界指标且具有明确的物理机制。利用次冻结层中的冰核活化温度来代替BTC方案中有关冻雨和冰粒的判据后,冻雨落区预报准确率较BTC方案提高了13%,表明直接利用次冻结层的冰核活化温度判断冻雨可行。
