USTC-Pickers:a Unified Set of seismic phase pickers Transfer learned for China

Current popular deep learning seismic phase pickers like PhaseNet and EQTransformer suffer from performance drop in China.To mitigate this problem,we build a unified set of customized seismic phase pickers for different levels of use in China.We first train a base picker with the recently released DiTing dataset using the same U-Net architecture as PhaseNet.This base picker significantly outperforms the original PhaseNet and is generally suitable for entire China.Then,using different subsets of the DiTing data,we fine-tune the base picker to better adapt to different regions.In total,we provide 5 pickers for major tectonic blocks in China,33 pickers for provincial-level administrative regions,and 2 special pickers for the Capital area and the China Seismic Experimental Site.These pickers show improved performance in respective regions which they are customized for.They can be either directly integrated into national or regional seismic network operation or used as base models for further refinement for specific datasets.We anticipate that this picker set will facilitate earthquake monitoring in China.

Coherent optical frequency transfer via 972-km fiber link

We demonstrate coherent optical frequency dissemination over a distance of 972 km by cascading two spans where the phase noise is passively compensated for.Instead of employing a phase discriminator and a phase locking loop in the conventional active phase control scheme,the passive phase noise cancellation is realized by feeding double-trip beat-note frequency to the driver of the acoustic optical modulator at the local site.This passive scheme exhibits fine robustness and reliability,making it suitable for long-distance and noisy fiber links.An optical regeneration station is used in the link for signal amplification and cascaded transmission.The phase noise cancellation and transfer instability of the 972-km link is investigated,and transfer instability of 1.1×10^(-19)at 10^(4)s is achieved.This work provides a promising method for realizing optical frequency distribution over thousands of kilometers by using fiber links.

Pregnancy outcomes following supplementation of single dose GnRH agonist to sustain the luteal phase in antagonist fresh embryo transfer cycles:A multicentric prospective cohort study

Objective:To determine whether a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist administered subcutaneously in addition to the regular progesterone supplementation could provide a better luteal support in antagonist protocol fresh embryo transfer cycles.Methods:This prospective,multicentric,cohort study included total 140 women,70 in each group.Controlled ovarian stimulation was carried out as per fixed GnRH antagonist protocol.The trigger was given with hCG.In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)was performed and day-3 embryos were transferred.Patients were divided into groups 1 and 2 based on computer generated randomization sheet.Six days following oocyte retrieval,group 1 received 0.2 mg decapeptyl subcutaneously in addition to regular progesterone support while group 2 received progesterone only.Luteal support was given for 14 days to both groups;if pregnancy was confirmed luteal support was continued till 12 weeks of gestation.The clinical pregnancy rate was the primary outcome.The implantation rate,miscarriage rate,live birth delivery rate,and multiple pregnancy rates were the secondary outcomes.Results:A total of 140 patients were analysed,70 in each group.Clinical pregnancy rates(47.1%vs.35.7%;P=0.17),implantation rates(23.4%vs.18.1%,P=0.24),live birth delivery rates(41.4%vs.27.1%,P=0.08),and multiple pregnancy rates(21.2%vs.16.0%,P=0.74)were higher in group 1 than in group 2.Group 1 had a lower miscarriage rate than group 2(5.7%vs.8.6%;P=0.75).However,these differences were not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions:Administration of a single dose of GnRH agonist in addition to regular natural micronized vaginal progesterone as luteal support in GnRH antagonist protocol cycles marginally improves implantation rates,clinical pregnancy rates,and live birth delivery rates.However,more studies with higher sample sizes are needed before any conclusive statements about GnRH agonist as luteal phase support can be made.

Transforming Molecules into Medicines: Role of CDMOS in Phase-Appropriate Technology Transfers in Advancing Pharmaceutical Innovation

CDMOs are emerging as critical drivers of innovation within the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, we can expect to see CDMOs play an increasingly important role in drug development and manufacturing. Many companies within these sectors are now leveraging the expertise of CDMOs through technology transfers to foster innovation and enhance the development of new drug products. In the extensive field of drug development, technology transfer plays a crucial role at multiple stages, ranging from preclinical phases to commercialization. By working closely with drug developers, CDMOs can ensure that technologies are transferred seamlessly between phases of drug development, allowing for a more efficient and cost-effective development process. CDMOs also bring a wealth of experience in various areas of drug development, including process development, analytical testing, quality control, and manufacturing. This expertise, combined with a focus on innovation, can help drug developers to overcome technical challenges and optimize their drug development programs. CDMOs can provide drug developers with various manufacturing capabilities, from small-scale clinical trials to large-scale commercial production. This flexibility allows drug developers to focus on their core competencies while relying on CDMOs to provide the necessary infrastructure and support for drug manufacturing. The critical role of CDMOs in advancing pharmaceutical innovation in phase-appropriate technology transfer where there will be a lot of effort and patience with strong technical expertise is required. This article explores the various types of Technology transfer from preclinical to commercial stages and successful strategies to foster innovation.

Impact of alloy-like phase on energy loss mitigation in multi-component organic photovoltaics

The multi-component strategy has proven effective in advancing the performance of organic photovoltaics(OPVs),enhancing photocurrent andfill factor through spectral complementarity and morphology optimization.However,the open-circuit voltage(VOC)mechanism in multi-component systems lacks systematic investiga-tion.In this study,we explore the influence of alloy-like phases on energy level distribution and energy loss mechanisms in multi-component OPVs.Appropriate modulation of donor alloy-like phases maintains the original intermolecular stack-ing,enhances component compatibility,reduces acceptor aggregation,and improves acceptor phase purity,mitigating non-radiative recombination losses.Additionally,suitable alloy-like phase modulation elevates charge transfer(CT)states,reducing the gap between CT and local exciton state,lowering reorganization energy,and alleviating radiative recombination loss below the bandgap.Through synergistic optimization(layer-by-layer method with solid additive),ternary devices based on Y6 acceptor achieve a notable 19.41%power conversion efficiency,offering new insights for the analysis of the energy loss of the multi-component OPVs.

Heat and Mass Transfers in a Two-Phase Stratified Turbulent Fluid Flow in a Geothermal Pipe with Chemical Reaction

This research focused on the study of heat and mass transfers in a two-phase stratified turbulent fluid flow in a geothermal pipe with chemical reaction. The derived non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow were solved using the Finite Difference Method. The effects of various physical parameters on the concentration, skin friction, heat, and mass transfers have been determined. Analysis of the results obtained indicated that the coefficient of skin friction decreased with an increase in Reynolds number and solutal Grasholf number, the rate of heat transfer increased with an increase in Eckert number, Prandtl number, and angle of inclination, and the rate of mass transfer increased with increase in Reynolds number, Chemical reaction parameter and angle of inclination. The findings would be useful to engineers in designing and maintaining geothermal pipelines more effectively.

Enhancing Hygrothermal Performance in Multi-Zone Constructions through Phase Change Material Integration

As buildings evolve to meet the challenges of energy efficiency and indoor comfort,phase change materials(PCM)emerge as a promising solution due to their ability to store and release latent heat.This paper explores the transformative impact of incorporating PCMon the hygrothermal dynamics of multi-zone constructions.The study focuses on analyzing heat transfer,particularly through thermal conduction,in a wall containing PCM.A novel approach was proposed,wherein the studied system(sensitive balance)interacts directly with a latent balance to realistically define the behavior of specific humidity and mass flow rates.In addition,a numerical model implemented in MATLAB software has been developed to investigate the effect of integrating PCM on the hygrothermal balances inside the building.The obtained results indicate a consistent response in internal temperatures,specific humidity,and mass flow rates,with temperature differences ranging from 5℃to 13℃and a maximum phase shift of 13 h.In addition,the findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of multi-zone constructions,offering a sustainable pathway for enhancing building resilience and occupant well-being.

Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O dosage effects on the strength and heat transfer characteristics of cemented tailings backfill

The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storage function of these materials to reduce downhole temperatures is an effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned problem.Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM was prepared in the laboratory.The composition,phase change latent heat,thermal conductivity,and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) compressive strength of the new material were studied.The heat transfer characteristics and endothermic effect of the PCM were simulated using Fluent software.The results showed the following:(1) The new paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM improved the thermal conductivity of native paraffin while avoiding the water solubility of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O.(2) The calculation formula of the thermal conductivity of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O combined with paraffin was deduced,and the reasons were explained in principle.(3) The“enthalpy–mass scale model”was applied to calculate the phase change latent heat of nonreactive composite PCMs.(4)The addition of the paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM reduced the CTB strength but increased its heat absorption capacity.This research can give a theoretical foundation for the use of heat storage backfill in green mines.

Clinical Effects of the Follicular Phase Long Regimen and Luteal Phase Long Regimen on Ovulation Induction in IVF-ET Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical effects of the follicular phase long regimen and the luteal phase long regimen on ovulation induction in IVF-ET treatment.Methods:Databases including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Chinese Biomedical Literature(CBM),VIP,Wanfang,and others were searched up to January 2021.Clinical studies on ovulation induction using the follicular phase long regimen and luteal phase long regimen in IVF-ET treatment were identified.Literature screening,data extraction,and quality evaluation were conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:After screening,a total of 11 studies were included,comprising 21,544 patients:9,974 in the follicular phase long regimen group and 11,570 in the luteal phase long regimen group.The meta-analysis results were as follows:(1)The number of Gn days and the total amount of Gn in the follicular phase long regimen were higher than those in the luteal phase long regimen(P<0.05);(2)The number of eggs obtained in the follicular phase long regimen was higher than that in the luteal phase long regimen(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the rate of embryo optimization and cycle cancellation between the two groups(P>0.05);(3)The embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in the follicular phase long regimen were higher than those in the luteal phase long regimen(P<0.05),while the abortion rate in the follicular phase long regimen was lower than that in the luteal phase long regimen(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to the luteal phase long regimen,the follicular phase long regimen involves more Gn days and a higher total amount of Gn.The optimal embryo rate and cycle cancellation rate were similar between the regimens,but the follicular phase long regimen resulted in more eggs,significantly improved the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates,and reduced the abortion rate.However,these conclusions require further validation through more multicenter,large-sample RCT studies.

Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of a new radiant floor system with phase change material

In order to improve the heat transfer characteristics of the traditional phase change material（PCM） floor, a new double-layer radiant floor system with PCM is proposed, which can store thermal or cold energy in the off-peak period and use them in the peak period. An experimental setup was developed to study the heat transfer characteristics of the new system under both cooling and heating modes. The experimental results show that the double-layer radiant floor system with PCM can meet both the cold and thermal requirements of users. Moreover, with the same duration of the thermal energy storage process, the increase of water temperature supplied to the system can improve the heat transfer characteristics of the system but lead to the discomfort of users. On the other hand, if the air temperature at the end of the thermal energy storage process is the same under different conditions, the increase of supplied water temperature will decrease the thermal energy storage time and ensure the comfort of users.

A facile and convenient method for synthesis of alkyl thiocyanates under homogeneous phase transfer catalyst conditions

A simple and environmentally friendly method is described for the efficient conversion of alkyl halide to alkyl thiocyanate using tetrabutylammonium bromide （TBAB） as a phase transfer catalyst. The reactions occur in water and furnish the corresponding alkyl thiocyanate in high yields. No evidence for the formation of isothiocyanates as by-product of the reaction was observed and the products were obtained in pure form without further purification.

Heat transfer and parametric studies of an encapsulated phase change material based cool thermal energy storage system

This work investigates the transient behaviour of a phase change material based cool thermal energy storage (CTES) system comprised of a cylindrical storage tank filled with encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) in spherical container integrated with an ethylene glycol chiller plant. A simulation program was developed to evaluate the temperature histories of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the phase change material at any axial location during the charging period. The results of the model were validated by comparison with experimental results of temperature profiles of HTF and PCM. The model was also used to investigate the effect of porosity, Stanton number, Stefan number and Peclet number on CTES system performance. The results showed that increase in porosity contributes to a higher rate of energy storage. However, for a given geometry and heat transfer coefficient, the mass of PCM charged in the unit decreases as the increase in porosity. The St number as well as the Ste number is also influential in the performance of the unit. The model is a convenient and more suitable method to determine the heat transfer characteristics of CTES system. The results reported are much useful for designing CTES system.

INFLUENCE OF PHASE RATIO ON PACKING EFFICIENCY IN COLUMNS FOR MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES

The phase ratio has been found to affect the packing efficiency in packed columns.To ac-count for the effect,a model is set up to correlate the height of a mass transfer unit with the phaseratio with reasonable accuracy.Proposed also is a correlation that allows to predict the efficiency inquestion at any given liquid-gas ratio using the knowledge of other efficiency values at other liquid-gas ratios.

Coupled models of heat transfer and phase transformation for the run-out table in hot rolling

Mathematical models are been proposed to simulate the thermal and metallurgical behaviors of the strip occtLrring on the run-out table （ROT） in a hot strip mill. A variational method is utilized for the discretization of the governing transient conduction-convection equation, with heat transfer coefficients adaptively determined by the actual mill data. To consider the thermal effect of phase transformation during cooling, a constitutive equation for describing austenite decomposition kinetics of steel in air and water cooling zones is coupled with the heat transfer model. As the basic required inputs in the numerical simulations, thermal material properties are experimentally measured for three carbon steels and the least squares method is used to statistically derive regression models for the properties, including specific heat and thermal conductivity. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the setup accuracy of the temperature prediction system of ROT is effectively improved.

Microwave frequency transfer over a 112-km urban fiber link based on electronic phase compensation

We demonstrate the transmission of a microwave frequency signal at 10 GHz over a 112-km urban fiber link based on a novel simple-architecture electronic phase compensation system.The key element of the system is the low noise frequency divider by 4 to differentiate the frequency of the forward signal from that of the backward one,thus suppressing the effect of Brillouin backscattering and parasitic reflection along the link.In terms of overlapping Allan deviation,the frequency transfer instability of 4.2×10-15 at 1-s integration time and 1.6×10-18 at one-day integration time was achieved.In addition,its sensitivity to the polarization mode dispersion in fiber is analyzed by comparing the results with and without laser polarization scrambling.Generally,with simplicity and robustness,the system can offer great potentials in constructing cascaded frequency transfer system and facilitate the building of fiber-based microwave transfer network.

Experimental study of the mass transfer behavior of carbon dioxide absorption into ternary phase change solution in a packed tower

Phase change absorbents for CO_(2)are of great interest because they are expected to greatly reduce the heat energy consumption during the regeneration process.Compared with other phase change absorbents,monoethanolamine(MEA)-sulfolane-water is inexpensive and has a fast absorption rate.It is one of the most promising solvents for large-scale industrial applications.Therefore,this study investigates the mass transfer performance of this phase change system in the process of CO_(2)absorption in a packed tower.By comparing the phase change absorbent and the ordinary absorbent,it is concluded that the use of MEA/sulfolane phase change absorbent has significantly improved mass transfer efficiency compared to a single MEA absorbent at the same concentration.In the 4 mol·L^(-1)MEA/5 mol·L^(-1)sulfolane system,the CO_(2)loading of the upper liquid phase after phase separation is almost zero,while the volume of the lower liquid phase sent to the desorption operation is about half of the total volume of the absorbent,which greatly reduces the energy consumption.This study also investigates the influence of operating parameters such as lean CO_(2)loading,gas and liquid flow rates,CO_(2)partial pressure,and temperature on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient(K_(G)α_(V)).The research shows that K_(G)α_(V) increases with increasing liquid flow rate and decreases with the increase of lean CO_(2)loading and CO_(2)partial pressure,while the inert gas flow rate and temperature have little effect on K_(G)α_(V).In addition,based on the principle of phase change absorption,a predictive equation for the K_(G)α_(V) of MEA-sulfolane in the packed tower was established.The K_(G)α_(V) obtained from the experiment is consistent with the model prediction,and the absolute average deviation(AAD)is 7.8%.

Synthesis of Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum by Phase Transfer Catalysis

HGG (Hydroxypropyl guar gum) was synthesized by phase transfer catalysis for the first time. The effects of alkalinity, phase transfer catalyst, etherification, pH value, temperature, reaction time and stirring speed were investigated. An optimal synthetic reaction technology was established, namely, dose of guar gum is 100 g, propylene oxide 40-50 g, HTAC (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ) 1.3-1.7 g, pH value 10-10.5, temperature 45-50℃, and reaction time 3-4 hours. The result shows that the improved HGG has high viscosity. Its dissolution speed, content of insoluble residue, colloid light transparency and stability are apparently superior to guar flour.

Syntheses of α-Hydroxyarylacetic Acids in the Presence of Different Phase Transfer Catalysts Under Sonication

The syntheses of α-hydroxyarylacetic acids with a good yield in the presence of different phase transfer catalysts (PTC) under sonication were studied. The results obtained are superior to those by other similar methods. The data show that β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is more efficient than other PTC. The preliminary reaction conditions are also discussed.

One-pot Synthesis of 1-Aryloxyacety l-4-(4'-nitrophenyloxyacetyl)-thiosemicarbazides under Phase Transfer Catalysis and Microwave Irradiation

The 1-aryloxyacetyl-4-(4-nitrophenyloxyacetyl)-thiosemicarbazides (3a-h) are synthe- sized via reaction of 4-nitrophenyloxyacetyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate and aryloxyacetic hydrazides (2a-h) under phase transfer catalysis and microwave irradiation in excellent yield.

New Phase Transfer Agent for Dye: Application for Hyperbranched Poly (ester-amine)

Hydrophilic hyperbranched poly(ester-amine) (HPEA) synthesized from diethanolamine and methyl acrylate was used as phase transfer agent for the first time to transfer methyl orange (MO) from water into chloroform. This process was quantified by UV-Vis spectra. A possible mechanism was put forward based on the formation of amphiphilic aggregates.