Spectrum of a Class of Difference Operators with Indefinite Weights

In this study, we use analytical methods and Sylvester inertia theorem to research a class of second order difference operators with indefinite weights and coupled boundary conditions. The eigenvalue problem with sign-changing weight has lasted a long time. The number of eigenvalues and the number of sign changes of the corresponding eigenfunctions of discrete equations under different boundary conditions are mainly studied. For the discrete Sturm-Liouville problems, similar conclusions about the properties of eigenvalues and the number of sign changes of the corresponding eigenfunctions are obtained under different boundary conditions, such as periodic boundary conditions, antiperiodic boundary conditions and separated boundary conditions etc. The purpose of this paper is to extend the similar conclusion to the coupled boundary conditions, which is of great significance to the perfection of the theory of the discrete Sturm-Liouville problems. We came to the following conclusions: first, the eigenvalues of the problem are real and single, the number of the positive eigenvalues is equal to the number of positive elements in the weight function, and the number of negative eigenvalues is equal to the number of negative elements in the weight function. Second, under some conditions, we obtain the sign change of the eigenfunction corresponding to the j-th positive/negative eigenvalue.

The Causes of Individual Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is characterized by various symptoms including impaired social interactions,unusually repetitive behaviors,and highly restricted interests etc.People with ASD differ significantly on their clinical profiles and the causes of such individual difierences are not yet folly understood.The present paper provides an overview of the causes of individual differences in ASD from three different perspectives:genetic,environmental,and neurobiological perspectives.The present paper also describes one study design in detail within each perspective(i.e.,classical twin design,epidemiological case-control design,and magnetic resonance imaging),and explains how each study design is informative about the causes of ASD.

Effect of atomic initial phase difference on spontaneous emission of an atom embedded in photonic crystal

We investigate the effect of initial phase difference between the two excited states of a V-type three-level atom on its steady state behaviour of spontaneous emission. A modified density of modes is introduced to calculate the spontaneous emission spectra in photonic crystal. Spectra in free space are also shown to compare with that in photonic crystal with different relative positions of the excited levels from upper band-edge frequency. It is found that the initial phase difference plays an important role in the quantum interference property between the two decay channels. For a zero initial phase, destructive property is presented in the spectra. With the increase of initial phase difference, quantum interference between the two decay channels from upper levels to ground level turns to be constructive. Furthermore, we give an interpretation for the property of these spectra.

NOTES ON THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE WEIGHTED MEAN DIFFERENCE OPERATOR G(u,v;?) OVER THE SEQUENCE SPACE ?_1

In the study by Baliarsingh and Dutta [Internat. J.Anal., Vol.2014（2014）, Article ID 786437], the authors computed the spectrum and the fine spectrum of the product operator G （u, v; A） over the sequence space e1. The product operator G （u, v; △） over l1 is defined by （G（u,v;△）x）k=^k∑i=0ukvi（xi- xi-1） with xk = 0 for all k 〈 0, where x = （xk）∈e1,and u and v axe either constant or strictly decreasing sequences of positive real numbers satisfying certain conditions. In this article we give some improvements of the computation of the spectrum of the operator G （u, v; △） on the sequence space gl.

Inverse Problems for Difference Equations with Quadratic Eigenparameter Dependent Boundary Conditions-II

The following inverse problem is solved—given the eigenvalues and the potential b(n) for a difference boundary value problem with quadratic dependence on the eigenparameter, λ, the weights c(n) can be uniquely reconstructed. The investi-gation is inductive on m where represents the number of unit intervals and the results obtained depend on the specific form of the given boundary conditions. This paper is a sequel to [1] which provided an algorithm for the solution of an analogous inverse problem, where the eigenvalues and weights were given and the potential was uniquely reconstructed. Since the inverse problem considered in this paper contains more unknowns than the inverse problem considered in [1], an additional spectrum is required more often than was the case in [1].

APPLICATION OF WEIGHTED NONOSCILLATORY AND NON-FREE-PARAMETER DISSIPATION DIFFERENCE SCHEME IN CALCULATING THE FLOW OF VIBRATING FLAT CASCADE

A dual-time method is introduced to calculate the unsteady flow in a certain vibrating flat cascade. An implicit lower-upper symmetric-gauss-seidel scheme（LU-SGS） is applied for time stepping in pseudo time domains, and the convection items are discretized with the spatial three-order weighted non-oscillatory and non-free-parameter dissipation difference （WNND） scheme. The turbulence model adopts q-co low-Reynolds-number model. The frequency specmuns of lift coefficients and the unsteady pressure-difference coefficients at different spanwise heights as well as the entropy contours at blade tips on different vibrating instants, are obtained. By the analysis of frequency specmuns of lift coefficients at three spanwise heights, it is considered that there exist obvious non-linear perturbations in the flow induced by the vibrating, and the perturbation frequencies are higher than the basic frequency. The entropy contours at blade tips at different times display an intensively unsteady attribute of the flow under large amplitudes.

Application of the Double-difference Relocation Method Combined with Waveform Cross-correlation on the Three Gorges Reservoir Seismicity

In this paper,we use the double difference location method based on waveform crosscorrelation algorithm for precise positioning of the Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR)earthquakes and analysis of seismic activity. First,we use the bi-spectrum cross-correlation method to analyze the seismic waveform data of TGR encrypted networks from March,2009 to December,2010,and evaluate the quality of waveform cross-correlation analysis.Combined with the waveform cross-correlation of data obtained, we use the double difference method to relocate the earthquake position. The results show that location precision using bi-spectrum verified waveform cross-correlation data is higher than that by using other types of data,and the mean 2 sig-error in EW,NS and UD are 3.2 m,3.9 m and 6.2 m,respectively. For the relocation of the Three Gorges Reservoir earthquakes,the results show that the micro-earthquakes along the Shenlongxi river in the Badong reservoir area obviously show the characteristics of three linear zones with nearly east-west direction,which is in accordance with the small faults and carbonate strata line of the neotectonic period,revealing the reservoir water main along the underground rivers or caves permeated and induced seismic activity. The stronger earthquakes may have resulted from small earthquakes through the active layers.

Universal form of the power spectrum of the aero-optical aberration caused by the supersonic turbulent boundary layer

Based on the measurement of one-dimensional （1D） optical path difference （OPD） of the supersonic turbulent bound- ary layer, an analytical form for the power spectrum of the two-dimensional （2D） OPD is obtained with its structure function and under the locally homogeneous isotropic assumption. The universality of this spectrum is argued, and its validity is checked by the comparison with experimental result. The potential applications of this model in theoretical and numerical studies are emphasized. Another contribution of this work is around the application of correlation function to analyzing the statistics of OPD. Based on our results and other results published elsewhere, we show that the OPD is often not stationary, and one should be cautious about using this tool.

The relation between the response spectrum and the phase diference spectrum

The relation between the phase difference spectrum and the response spectrum is studied in this paper. It is found that the phase difference spectrum influences the response spectrum through affecting the response motion′s envelope function shape of a single degree of freedom system. Decreasing the variance of phase difference spectrum causes the increasing of response spectrum when its mean value curve keeps the same, otherwise the situation is opposite. As the increase of the tangent of the mean value curve, the response spectrum decreases, otherwise it increases. The damping plays an important role while the phase difference spectrum influences the response spectrum. The effect of the phase difference spectrum on the absolute acceleration response spectrum becomes more and more obvious with the increase of the damping. On the other hand, the increase of damping weakens the effect of the phase difference spectrum on the amplification factor spectrum.

PLANE WAVE SPECTRUM AND BORESIGHT ERROR OF RADOME-ENCLOSED ANTENNAS

The plane wave spectrum surface integration (PWS SI) is a practical and efficient method for antenna radome system analysis, especially for determining the boresight error (BSE) in the system. But it is only used for sum pattern calculation till now, and BSE is calculated by the beam maximum searching method. In this paper, the aperture distribution for difference pattern is formulated as the product of that for sum pattern and a two dimensional periodic window function. A series representation for the spectrum of difference pattern is then obtained according to the convolution theorem. The truncation error of the series has been analyzed by introducing the coverage radius of the spectrum of sum pattern. Based on this representation, the PWS SI technique is extended to difference pattern calculation of radome enclosed antennas. The BSE of a three dimensional multilayered radome, with thickness tapers in all layers, is calculated through the difference pattern null searching. Owing to the steep slope of difference pattern near the nulls, this method for BSE calculation is more stable and reliable than the original beam maximum searching method in PWS SI analysis. The results are compared with those from aperture integration surface integration (AI SI) analysis and the measured ones.

Special algorithm of enhancing underwater targetradiated dynamic line spectrum

Performance of traditional adaptive line enhancer （ALE） in suppressing Gaussian noise is low and can get worse at low input signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）. For greatly overcoming these disadvantages, feature of fourth-order cumulant （FOC） different slices for quasi-stationary random process is analyzed, fourth order cumulant（FOC） different slice-based adaptive dynamic line enhancer is presented, and output SNR of the proposed enhancer is derived and bigger than that of the ALE via theoretical analysis. Simulation tests with the underwater moving target-radiated data have shown that the proposed enhancer outperforms the ALE in suppressing Gaussian noise and enhancing dynamic line spectrum feature.

The spectrum analysis of RMP coils with multiple connection modes and the design of high field side coils on J-TEXT

The phase difference Δξ between locked islands(2/1 and 3/1) has been found to influence the heat transport on the thermal quench during disruptions by numerical modeling [Hu Q et al 2019Nucl.Fusion 59,016005].To verify this experimentally,a set of resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP) coils is required to excite coupled magnetic islands with different Δξ.The spectrum analysis shows that the current RMP coils on J-TEXT can only produce sufficient 2/1 and 3/1RMP fields with a limited phase difference of Δξ∈[-75°,75°].In order to broaden the adjustable range of Δξ,a set of coils on the high field side(HFS) is proposed to generate 2/1 and 3/1 RMP fields with Δξ=180°.As a result,RMPs with adjustable Δξ∈[-180°,180°] and sufficient amplitudes could be achieved by applying the HFS coils and the low field side(LFS)coils.This work provides a feasible solution for flexible adjustment of the phase difference between m and m+1 RMP,which might facilitate the study of major disruptions and their control.

应用平均幅度差函数之和分析心电信号对除颤最佳时机的预测价值

目的应用平均幅度差函数之和(the sum of average magnitude difference function,SAMDF)处理室颤的心电信号,通过与常用预测除颤时间方法振幅谱面积(amplitude spectrum area,AMSA)进行对比找到预测除颤时间更优的方法。方法应用56头重(40±5)kg雄性家猪,诱导室颤后进行10 min未处理的室颤、6 min的心肺复苏和除颤。在室颤和心肺复苏过程当中会记录每1 min SAMDF和AMSA的数据并记录下来。进而计算受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,应用单向方差分析(one-way analyses of variance,one-way ANOVA)以及正负样本散点图的比较,以此说明两者均能优化最佳除颤时间。比较除颤成功组(Group R)和除颤失败组(Group N)的SAMDF和AMSA的数值以说明两者预测除颤成功的能力。结果散点图显示SAMDF和AMSA均能够区分阳性和负样本(P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示SAMDF(AUC=0.801,P<0.001)和AMSA(AUC=0.777,P<0.001)一样有着相同的能力预测最佳除颤时间。两组SAMDF和AMSA数值比较,Group R的SAMDF和AMSA数值明显高于Group N(P<0.001)。结论SAMDF在优化预测除颤时机方面具有很高的潜力,并且可以作为AMSA等现有有效预测除颤时机特征的补充。

岩溶区土洞对自由场地震动放大效应的影响

岩溶区土洞的发育改变了自由场的地震工程地质条件,从而影响了地表地震动力响应结果。为探讨岩溶区土洞对地震动场地效应的影响,设计并构建典型岩溶区土洞自由场地,利用有限差分法开展了不同地震动输入条件下的含土洞场地的地震反应分析。通过与自由场地震反应分析结果对比可知:(1)土洞的存在阻碍了地震波的传播,从而使得地表中心点峰值加速度显著减小,随着输入地震动峰值增大,土洞的影响范围增大,土洞附近地表峰值加速度呈现出先增大后减小,最后逐渐趋向于自由场;(2)土洞的存在使场地的竖向位移增大,且随输入加速度峰值增大而增大、对水平向峰值位移影响较小;(3)加速度放大系数总体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,随输入加速度峰值增大而减小;(4)土洞的存在使得反应谱的短周期幅值减小,这种减小幅度受输入地震动峰值的影响不明显。

基于语音节奏差异的情感识别方法

语音情感识别在金融反欺诈等领域有着重要的应用前景,但是语音情感识别的准确率提升变得越来越困难。现有基于语谱图的语音情感识别等方法难以捕捉节奏差异特征,从而影响识别效果。文中基于语音节奏特征的差异性,提出了能量帧时频融合的语音情感识别方法。其关键是,针对语音中高能量区域进行频谱筛选,以高能语音帧的分布和时频变化来体现个体的语音节奏差异。在此基础上建立基于卷积神经网络(CNN)和循环神经网络(RNN)的情感识别模型,实现对频谱的时域和频域变化特征的提取与融合。在公开数据集IEMOCAP上进行实验,结果表明,该基于语音节奏差异的语音情感识别与基于语谱图的方法相比,在加权准确率WA和非加权准确率UA指标上分别平均提升了1.05%和1.9%;同时也表明个体的语音节奏差异对提升语音情感识别效果具有重要作用。

基于“形神一体观”探析儿童孤独症谱系障碍的因机治要

“形神一体观”是由古代哲学与医学融合产生的一种中医特色生命观,“形”与“神”是人体生命活动的必备要素,“形”与“神”可互相影响从而导致疾病的发生。从“形神一体观”的角度阐述儿童孤独症谱系障碍的病因病机及治疗思路。五脏失调,形神不一是该病的重要病机,故当以形神同调为治疗原则,多法联用,调形以安神,调神以御形,充分发挥中医特色,身心同调,形神共治。

页岩油地层原油黏度的核磁共振评价方法

随着页岩油气资源的规模化勘探与开发,精细地层评价发挥着越来越重要的作用.地层原油黏度作为影响页岩油开发方案、产能、产量以及采收率等的重要参数,是流体识别及定量评价的核心内容之一.然而,页岩油流体赋存状态多样且流动机理复杂,导致原油黏度指数难以准确估算.因此,建立页岩油地层原油黏度评价方法具有十分重要的意义.本文从核磁共振评价原油黏度的基础理论出发,分析并明确原油黏度、T_(2)对数平均值、绝对温度三者之间的关系,利用核磁共振方法表征不同温度下原油T_(2)弛豫特征与绝对温度的变化规律;然后,开展页岩油原油变温核磁共振实验,结合原油的黏温关系图版,分析表征原油黏度的主要参数,验证页岩油原油黏度理论计算模型的可行性;最后,通过饱含原油的页岩油岩心变温核磁共振实验,进一步明确地层条件下原油黏度、绝对温度以及T_(2)对数平均值之间的关系,改进原油黏度理论计算模型,建立了页岩油地层原油黏度的核磁共振评价方法.实际测井资料应用表明页岩油地层可动油黏度指数与实际试油得到的原油黏度相比,相对误差在5%以内,验证了该方法的应用效果.

利用船舶噪声线谱的TDOA和FDOA定位方法研究

船舶辐射噪声作为海洋环境噪声的主要来源,是众多噪声源综合作用的结果.船舶辐射噪声中含有丰富的特征信息,是对目标进行跟踪、定位的重要依据.针对两阶段加权最小二乘法(TSWLS)在第一阶段引入多余变量引起的定位不准确的问题,将船舶辐射噪声线谱作为信号源,提出了利用入侵杂草优化算法(IWO)和加权最小二乘算法(WLS)的水下到达时间差(TDOA)和到达频率差(FDOA)联合定位的方法.仿真结果表明,噪声方差在-40 dB到0 dB时,本文所提方法的速度以及位置的偏差和均方根误差均低于传统的两阶段加权最小二乘法(TSWLS)和迭代加权最小二乘法(ICWLS).所以浅海环境下利用船舶辐射噪声线谱对其进行定位对军事和安全保障方面都具有重要意义.

Sex Differences in Diagnosis and Clinical Phenotypes of Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of this study was to explore the differences between boys and girls in the diagnosis and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） in China＇s mainland. Children diagnosed with ASD（n = 1064, 228 females） were retrospectively included in the analysis. All children were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised（ADI-R） and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule（ADOS）. The results showed that girls scored significantly higher in ADI-R socioemotional reciprocity than boys, and also scored lower in ADI-R and ADOS restricted and repetitive behaviors（RRBs）. Meanwhile, the proportions of girls who satisfied the diagnostic cut-off scores in the ADI-R RRBs domain were lower than in boys（P ／ 0.05）. Our results indicated that girls with ASD show greater socio-emotional reciprocity than boys. Girls also tended to show fewer RRBs than boys, and the type of RRBs in girls differ from those in boys. The ADI-R was found to be less sensitive in girls, particularly for assessment in the RRBs domain.