Spectrum of a Class of Difference Operators with Indefinite Weights

In this study, we use analytical methods and Sylvester inertia theorem to research a class of second order difference operators with indefinite weights and coupled boundary conditions. The eigenvalue problem with sign-changing weight has lasted a long time. The number of eigenvalues and the number of sign changes of the corresponding eigenfunctions of discrete equations under different boundary conditions are mainly studied. For the discrete Sturm-Liouville problems, similar conclusions about the properties of eigenvalues and the number of sign changes of the corresponding eigenfunctions are obtained under different boundary conditions, such as periodic boundary conditions, antiperiodic boundary conditions and separated boundary conditions etc. The purpose of this paper is to extend the similar conclusion to the coupled boundary conditions, which is of great significance to the perfection of the theory of the discrete Sturm-Liouville problems. We came to the following conclusions: first, the eigenvalues of the problem are real and single, the number of the positive eigenvalues is equal to the number of positive elements in the weight function, and the number of negative eigenvalues is equal to the number of negative elements in the weight function. Second, under some conditions, we obtain the sign change of the eigenfunction corresponding to the j-th positive/negative eigenvalue.

The Causes of Individual Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is characterized by various symptoms including impaired social interactions,unusually repetitive behaviors,and highly restricted interests etc.People with ASD differ significantly on their clinical profiles and the causes of such individual difierences are not yet folly understood.The present paper provides an overview of the causes of individual differences in ASD from three different perspectives:genetic,environmental,and neurobiological perspectives.The present paper also describes one study design in detail within each perspective(i.e.,classical twin design,epidemiological case-control design,and magnetic resonance imaging),and explains how each study design is informative about the causes of ASD.

Effect of atomic initial phase difference on spontaneous emission of an atom embedded in photonic crystal

We investigate the effect of initial phase difference between the two excited states of a V-type three-level atom on its steady state behaviour of spontaneous emission. A modified density of modes is introduced to calculate the spontaneous emission spectra in photonic crystal. Spectra in free space are also shown to compare with that in photonic crystal with different relative positions of the excited levels from upper band-edge frequency. It is found that the initial phase difference plays an important role in the quantum interference property between the two decay channels. For a zero initial phase, destructive property is presented in the spectra. With the increase of initial phase difference, quantum interference between the two decay channels from upper levels to ground level turns to be constructive. Furthermore, we give an interpretation for the property of these spectra.

NOTES ON THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE WEIGHTED MEAN DIFFERENCE OPERATOR G(u,v;?) OVER THE SEQUENCE SPACE ?_1

In the study by Baliarsingh and Dutta [Internat. J.Anal., Vol.2014（2014）, Article ID 786437], the authors computed the spectrum and the fine spectrum of the product operator G （u, v; A） over the sequence space e1. The product operator G （u, v; △） over l1 is defined by （G（u,v;△）x）k=^k∑i=0ukvi（xi- xi-1） with xk = 0 for all k 〈 0, where x = （xk）∈e1,and u and v axe either constant or strictly decreasing sequences of positive real numbers satisfying certain conditions. In this article we give some improvements of the computation of the spectrum of the operator G （u, v; △） on the sequence space gl.

Inverse Problems for Difference Equations with Quadratic Eigenparameter Dependent Boundary Conditions-II

The following inverse problem is solved—given the eigenvalues and the potential b(n) for a difference boundary value problem with quadratic dependence on the eigenparameter, λ, the weights c(n) can be uniquely reconstructed. The investi-gation is inductive on m where represents the number of unit intervals and the results obtained depend on the specific form of the given boundary conditions. This paper is a sequel to [1] which provided an algorithm for the solution of an analogous inverse problem, where the eigenvalues and weights were given and the potential was uniquely reconstructed. Since the inverse problem considered in this paper contains more unknowns than the inverse problem considered in [1], an additional spectrum is required more often than was the case in [1].

APPLICATION OF WEIGHTED NONOSCILLATORY AND NON-FREE-PARAMETER DISSIPATION DIFFERENCE SCHEME IN CALCULATING THE FLOW OF VIBRATING FLAT CASCADE

A dual-time method is introduced to calculate the unsteady flow in a certain vibrating flat cascade. An implicit lower-upper symmetric-gauss-seidel scheme（LU-SGS） is applied for time stepping in pseudo time domains, and the convection items are discretized with the spatial three-order weighted non-oscillatory and non-free-parameter dissipation difference （WNND） scheme. The turbulence model adopts q-co low-Reynolds-number model. The frequency specmuns of lift coefficients and the unsteady pressure-difference coefficients at different spanwise heights as well as the entropy contours at blade tips on different vibrating instants, are obtained. By the analysis of frequency specmuns of lift coefficients at three spanwise heights, it is considered that there exist obvious non-linear perturbations in the flow induced by the vibrating, and the perturbation frequencies are higher than the basic frequency. The entropy contours at blade tips at different times display an intensively unsteady attribute of the flow under large amplitudes.

Application of the Double-difference Relocation Method Combined with Waveform Cross-correlation on the Three Gorges Reservoir Seismicity

In this paper,we use the double difference location method based on waveform crosscorrelation algorithm for precise positioning of the Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR)earthquakes and analysis of seismic activity. First,we use the bi-spectrum cross-correlation method to analyze the seismic waveform data of TGR encrypted networks from March,2009 to December,2010,and evaluate the quality of waveform cross-correlation analysis.Combined with the waveform cross-correlation of data obtained, we use the double difference method to relocate the earthquake position. The results show that location precision using bi-spectrum verified waveform cross-correlation data is higher than that by using other types of data,and the mean 2 sig-error in EW,NS and UD are 3.2 m,3.9 m and 6.2 m,respectively. For the relocation of the Three Gorges Reservoir earthquakes,the results show that the micro-earthquakes along the Shenlongxi river in the Badong reservoir area obviously show the characteristics of three linear zones with nearly east-west direction,which is in accordance with the small faults and carbonate strata line of the neotectonic period,revealing the reservoir water main along the underground rivers or caves permeated and induced seismic activity. The stronger earthquakes may have resulted from small earthquakes through the active layers.

应用平均幅度差函数之和分析心电信号对除颤最佳时机的预测价值

目的应用平均幅度差函数之和(the sum of average magnitude difference function,SAMDF)处理室颤的心电信号,通过与常用预测除颤时间方法振幅谱面积(amplitude spectrum area,AMSA)进行对比找到预测除颤时间更优的方法。方法应用56头重(40±5)kg雄性家猪,诱导室颤后进行10 min未处理的室颤、6 min的心肺复苏和除颤。在室颤和心肺复苏过程当中会记录每1 min SAMDF和AMSA的数据并记录下来。进而计算受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,应用单向方差分析(one-way analyses of variance,one-way ANOVA)以及正负样本散点图的比较,以此说明两者均能优化最佳除颤时间。比较除颤成功组(Group R)和除颤失败组(Group N)的SAMDF和AMSA的数值以说明两者预测除颤成功的能力。结果散点图显示SAMDF和AMSA均能够区分阳性和负样本(P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示SAMDF(AUC=0.801,P<0.001)和AMSA(AUC=0.777,P<0.001)一样有着相同的能力预测最佳除颤时间。两组SAMDF和AMSA数值比较,Group R的SAMDF和AMSA数值明显高于Group N(P<0.001)。结论SAMDF在优化预测除颤时机方面具有很高的潜力,并且可以作为AMSA等现有有效预测除颤时机特征的补充。

岩溶区土洞对自由场地震动放大效应的影响

岩溶区土洞的发育改变了自由场的地震工程地质条件,从而影响了地表地震动力响应结果。为探讨岩溶区土洞对地震动场地效应的影响,设计并构建典型岩溶区土洞自由场地,利用有限差分法开展了不同地震动输入条件下的含土洞场地的地震反应分析。通过与自由场地震反应分析结果对比可知:(1)土洞的存在阻碍了地震波的传播,从而使得地表中心点峰值加速度显著减小,随着输入地震动峰值增大,土洞的影响范围增大,土洞附近地表峰值加速度呈现出先增大后减小,最后逐渐趋向于自由场;(2)土洞的存在使场地的竖向位移增大,且随输入加速度峰值增大而增大、对水平向峰值位移影响较小;(3)加速度放大系数总体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,随输入加速度峰值增大而减小;(4)土洞的存在使得反应谱的短周期幅值减小,这种减小幅度受输入地震动峰值的影响不明显。

基于语音节奏差异的情感识别方法

语音情感识别在金融反欺诈等领域有着重要的应用前景,但是语音情感识别的准确率提升变得越来越困难。现有基于语谱图的语音情感识别等方法难以捕捉节奏差异特征,从而影响识别效果。文中基于语音节奏特征的差异性,提出了能量帧时频融合的语音情感识别方法。其关键是,针对语音中高能量区域进行频谱筛选,以高能语音帧的分布和时频变化来体现个体的语音节奏差异。在此基础上建立基于卷积神经网络(CNN)和循环神经网络(RNN)的情感识别模型,实现对频谱的时域和频域变化特征的提取与融合。在公开数据集IEMOCAP上进行实验,结果表明,该基于语音节奏差异的语音情感识别与基于语谱图的方法相比,在加权准确率WA和非加权准确率UA指标上分别平均提升了1.05%和1.9%;同时也表明个体的语音节奏差异对提升语音情感识别效果具有重要作用。

页岩油地层原油黏度的核磁共振评价方法

随着页岩油气资源的规模化勘探与开发,精细地层评价发挥着越来越重要的作用.地层原油黏度作为影响页岩油开发方案、产能、产量以及采收率等的重要参数,是流体识别及定量评价的核心内容之一.然而,页岩油流体赋存状态多样且流动机理复杂,导致原油黏度指数难以准确估算.因此,建立页岩油地层原油黏度评价方法具有十分重要的意义.本文从核磁共振评价原油黏度的基础理论出发,分析并明确原油黏度、T_(2)对数平均值、绝对温度三者之间的关系,利用核磁共振方法表征不同温度下原油T_(2)弛豫特征与绝对温度的变化规律;然后,开展页岩油原油变温核磁共振实验,结合原油的黏温关系图版,分析表征原油黏度的主要参数,验证页岩油原油黏度理论计算模型的可行性;最后,通过饱含原油的页岩油岩心变温核磁共振实验,进一步明确地层条件下原油黏度、绝对温度以及T_(2)对数平均值之间的关系,改进原油黏度理论计算模型,建立了页岩油地层原油黏度的核磁共振评价方法.实际测井资料应用表明页岩油地层可动油黏度指数与实际试油得到的原油黏度相比,相对误差在5%以内,验证了该方法的应用效果.

利用船舶噪声线谱的TDOA和FDOA定位方法研究

船舶辐射噪声作为海洋环境噪声的主要来源,是众多噪声源综合作用的结果.船舶辐射噪声中含有丰富的特征信息,是对目标进行跟踪、定位的重要依据.针对两阶段加权最小二乘法(TSWLS)在第一阶段引入多余变量引起的定位不准确的问题,将船舶辐射噪声线谱作为信号源,提出了利用入侵杂草优化算法(IWO)和加权最小二乘算法(WLS)的水下到达时间差(TDOA)和到达频率差(FDOA)联合定位的方法.仿真结果表明,噪声方差在-40 dB到0 dB时,本文所提方法的速度以及位置的偏差和均方根误差均低于传统的两阶段加权最小二乘法(TSWLS)和迭代加权最小二乘法(ICWLS).所以浅海环境下利用船舶辐射噪声线谱对其进行定位对军事和安全保障方面都具有重要意义.

基于差值信噪比法的船载地波雷达一阶谱识别

本文提出了适用于船载地波雷达展宽一阶谱识别的差值信噪比方法。通过结合仿真分析和实测试验数据,开展了船载地波雷达展宽一阶谱的频移和展宽特性分析,确定了一阶谱的最大展宽范围与平台运动速度之间的定量关系。通过分析一维多普勒频点间的差值数量关系,确定了边界预筛选准则。利用展宽一阶谱的区域连续特性,实现展宽一阶谱边界最终识别。采用船载地波雷达仿真和实测数据对所提方法的有效性进行了验证,所提方法相对于传统方法取得了较好的识别效果。

基于“形神一体观”探析儿童孤独症谱系障碍的因机治要

“形神一体观”是由古代哲学与医学融合产生的一种中医特色生命观,“形”与“神”是人体生命活动的必备要素,“形”与“神”可互相影响从而导致疾病的发生。从“形神一体观”的角度阐述儿童孤独症谱系障碍的病因病机及治疗思路。五脏失调,形神不一是该病的重要病机,故当以形神同调为治疗原则,多法联用,调形以安神,调神以御形,充分发挥中医特色,身心同调,形神共治。

瓦斯压力对低透性煤吸附-解吸特性及孔隙分布的影响

为了从微观的角度探究瓦斯压力对深部低透性煤层吸附-解吸特性及孔隙分布的影响,采用低磁场核磁共振技术(NMR),开展深部低透性煤不同瓦斯压力下的吸附-解吸试验。试验发现:瓦斯吸附态、游离态和自由态下,T_(2)谱幅值积分与瓦斯压力呈现较好的线性关系,其拟合结果R^(2)均大于0.973 48,微观自由态瓦斯在瓦斯压力等于3.739 MPa处瓦斯的吸附-解吸出现了迟滞效应。不同瓦斯压力下,孔径类型分布差距较大,煤样内部孔隙分布主要是小孔占据大部分,而中孔和大孔所占比列较小。研究结果对深部低透性煤矿资源开采具有一定的指导意义。

基于随机相位差谱的全非平稳地震动建模

为合理表征地震动过程的全非平稳性和随机性,发展了一类基于相位差谱和功率谱结合的随机地震动模型。首先,阐明了相位差与地震动全非平稳性的关系,并利用实测强震记录,进行相位差谱模型参数的识别及统计分析。其次,采用确定性和随机性参数的功率谱模型,分别获得确定性参数的取值以及随机性参数的归一化最优概率分布。最后,通过选取基本随机参数的代表性点集,获得相应的地震动加速度代表性时程集合。研究结果表明:仅需2个或4个基本随机变量即可模拟具有自然变异性及丰富概率信息的地震动加速度过程,且模拟所得的加速度反应谱与实测强震记录拟合良好,为应用概率密度演化理论进行复杂工程结构的随机地震反应及抗震可靠性精细化分析奠定基础。

基于ALIF-SVD的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障信号包含大量噪声信号和迭代滤波算法存在模态混叠等问题,提出一种自适应局部迭代滤波算法与奇异值分解算法相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断新方法。首先采用自适应局部迭代滤波算法对故障信号进行处理得到若干个内禀模态函数,计算出样本熵后设定阈值进行信号重构;然后进行奇异值分解,绘制差分谱曲线;最后根据差分谱中的突变位置进行二次重构,进一步完成降噪。本工作将该方法应用于凯斯西储大学的轴承数据进行验证,实验结果表明该方法解决了迭代滤波算法存在的模态混叠问题以及大量噪声信号冗余问题,体现了该方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的有效性。

能谱CT在诊断胃癌分化程度及转移淋巴结中的应用

目的探究能谱CT在诊断胃癌分化程度及转移淋巴结的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年4月新余市人民医院收治的60例经胃镜及病理学活检确诊为胃癌的患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行能谱CT检查并进行常规重建及能谱多参数、定量重建。将所有患者按分化程度分组,其中低分化组18例、中分化组23例、高分化组19例。比较不同分化程度及伴或不伴淋巴结转移胃癌患者CT影像学征象差异与能谱CT量化指标的差异。结果低分化组使用常规CT及能谱CT的局部胃壁增厚、胃腔狭窄、浆膜层毛糙检出率均高于中、高分化组(P<0.017);同组内上述各CT征象的比较,能谱CT的检出率均高于常规CT,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低分化组的碘浓度、标准化碘浓度(NIC)不同能量区间的能谱曲线斜率均高于中、高分化组,且中分化组的碘浓度、NIC、不同能量区间的能谱曲线斜率均高于高分化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。能谱CT结果显示,淋巴结转移组的淋巴结长短径之比、NIC、CT平扫值[亨氏单位(HU)]均高于未淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低分化胃癌常可见局部胃壁增厚、胃腔狭窄、浆膜层毛糙的CT征象,且不同分化程度和伴或不伴淋巴结转移患者在碘浓度、NIC等能谱CT量化指标方面均有显著差异,故能谱CT能为胃癌分化程度及是否发生转移淋巴结提供有价值的诊断。

基于CM-SVDS-SVMD的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

针对滚动轴承微弱故障特征信息易受噪声干扰提取困难的问题,提出一种新的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法,即协方差矩阵(covariance matrix,CM)、奇异值差分谱(singular value difference spectrum,SVDS)和奇异值中值分解(singular value median decomposition,SVMD)相结合。首先,考虑到旋转机械的故障特征,对轴承故障信号采用1步长方法构造Hankel矩阵;其次,考虑到信号的协方差矩阵对于信号自相关去噪的优势,进而计算Hankel的协方差矩阵并进行空间重构;再次,采用奇异值差分谱方法对重构后的协方差矩阵信号进行分解处理而实现初步降噪,通过奇异值中值分解方法对其进行分解和筛选处理而完成二次降噪,并根据处理后信号的频谱包络,实现轴承故障特征信息的提取;最后,通过滚动轴承仿真数据分析得出,所提方法能够有效提取出噪声信号的故障特征及其谐波,实现不同轴承故障类型特征的有效提取,为滚动轴承故障复杂信号处理和诊断提供了一种新的方法和途径。

基于改进相位差校正法的高精度码元速率估计

针对非协作通信中的码元速率精确估计等问题,文中在包络平方法的基础上,提出基于改进相位差校正法的高精度码元速率估计算法。该算法通过对比具有最小时移关系的两段序列包络平方谱峰位置一致情况,舍弃受噪声干扰严重导致谱峰位置不一致的序列,并选取谱峰位置一致的两段序列,通过相位差校正法精确估计信号的码元速率。相较于包络平方法,所提算法突破了码元速率估计精度依赖信号采样点数的限制,具有较高的估计精度。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可在较低信噪比条件下对MPSK(Multiple Phase Shift Keying)、MPAM(Multiple Pulse Amplitude Modulation)和MQAM(Multiple Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)信号码元速率进行精确估计,且相较于现有高精度估计算法,该算法复杂度更低,适合应用于工程实践。