Multifunctional light-field modulation based on hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces

The generation characteristics of nonlinear optical signals and their multi-dimensional modulation at micro-nano scale have become a prominent research area in nanophotonics,and also the key to developing various novel nonlinear photonics devices.In recent years,the demand for higher nonlinear conversion efficiency and device integration has led to the rapid progress of hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces composed of nanostructures and nonlinear materials.As a joint platform of stable wavefront modulation,nonlinear metasurface and efficient frequency conversion,hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces offer a splendid opportunity for developing the next-generation of multipurpose flat-optics devices.This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces for light-field modulation.The advantages of hybrid systems are discussed from the perspectives of multifunctional light-field modulation,valleytronic modulation,and quantum technologies.Finally,the remaining challenges of hybrid metasurfaces are summarized and future developments are also prospected.

An Improved Submodule Unified Pulse Modulation Scheme for a Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter

This paper presents an improved submodule unified pulse width modulation(SUPWM)scheme for a hybrid modular multilevel converter(MMC)composed of half-bridge submodules(HBSMs)and full-bridge submodules(FBSMs).The proposed SUPWM scheme can achieve an output voltage of(2N+1)(where N is the number of submodules in each arm)levels,which is the same as that of the carrier-phase-shifted PWM(CPSPWM)scheme.Meanwhile,the proposed SUPWM scheme can alleviate the uneven loss distributions between the left leg and right leg in FBSMs of the hybrid MMC.Moreover,the capacitor voltages of the sub-modules can be well balanced without complicated closed-loop voltage balancing controllers.The validity of the proposed SUPWM scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results.

Research of Hybrid Modulation Radar Signal

Based on the advantage of phase coded signal and stepped frequency signal,a new hybrid modulation signal is introduced in this paper. It combines phase code modulation during the pulse with stepped frequency modulation between the pulses, which is named as phase-coded stepped-frequency ( PCSF ) signal. By analyzing its waveform and ambiguity function,the comparison between Stepped-Frequency ( SF) signal and PCSF signal is given,which shows that the PCSF signal is better than SF signal. Finally,the signal processing method with two stage compressed processing is presented. The simulation results show that this new hybrid modulation radar signal can get a higher stepped frequency than ordinary SF signal,realize the same equivalent bandwidth with less pulse number,and solve the conflict among the stepped frequency,the number of pulse, and transmit average power. Under the premises of a certain range resolution,this new hybrid modulation radar signal not only raises the data rate of radar system,but also reduces Doppler sensitivity with a good prospect, and the effect of one-dimensional range profile is much better than that of traditional SF signal. Therefore,this new hybrid modulation radar signal can be widely used in application.

Research on Modulation Strategies Based on Multilevel Inverter Universal Hybrid Topology

Based on multi-module-cascaded inverter topology, this study presented a universal multilevel inverter hybrid topology and unified the researches on multilevel inverter topology. According to the freedom of this universal topology, several new hybrid topologies were constructed. Also, based on conventional modulation strategies- multi-carrier SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation), hybrid modulation strategies were introduced corresponding to hybrid topologies, and a multilevel SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) technique based on phase-shifted theory was naturally produced. Simulation and experiment results prove that hybrid topologies and corresponding modulation strategies are valid, which lay a foundation for practical application of hybrid multilevel inverter topologies.

Performance analysis and code recognition for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation systems

A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper,which can increasethe data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system,so it can beused for high rate data communication.Then,three code recognition algorithms are presented for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system and the analytic bit error rate(BER)performance of the systemin additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and flat Rayleigh fading channel is derived.Finally,the com-puter simulation of the system with three code recognition algorithms is performed,which shows that thesimplified maximum a posteriori(MAP)algorithm is the best for the system with a compromise betweenthe performance and the complexity.

Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators

High performance electro-optic modulator,as the key device of integrated ultra-wideband optical systems,have be-come the focus of research.Meanwhile,the organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators,which make full use of the advant-ages of organic electro-optic(OEO)materials(e.g.high electro-optic coefficient,fast response speed,high bandwidth,easy pro-cessing/integration and low cost)have attracted considerable attention.In this paper,we introduce a series of high-perform-ance OEO materials that exhibit good properties in electro-optic activity and thermal stability.In addition,the recent progress of organic-based hybrid electro-optic devices is reviewed,including photonic crystal-organic hybrid(PCOH),silicon-organic hy-brid(SOH)and plasmonic-organic hybrid(POH)modulators.A high-performance integrated optical platform based on OEO ma-terials is a promising solution for growing high speeds and low power consumption in compact sizes.

A Hybrid Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Module Development

A compact wirebond packaged phase-leg SiC/Si hybrid module was designed,developed,and tested.Details of the layout and gate drive designs are described.The IC chip for gate drive is carefully selected and compared.Dual pulse test confirmed that,the switching loss of hybrid module is close to pure SiC MOSFET module,and it is much less than pure Si IGBT device.The cost of hybrid module is closer to Si IGBT.

Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO_(3)modulator chip

In this work,a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated.A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio.A fiber was used to adjust the rotation of the polarization direction caused by the optical isolator.The whole optical path structure,including the laser chip,lens,fiber,and modulator chip,was simulated to achieve high optical output efficiency.After a series of process improvements,a module with an output extinction ratio of 34 dB and a bandwidth of 20.5 GHz(from 2 GHz)was obtained.The optical output efficiency of the whole module reached approximately 21%.The link performance of the module was also measured.

Contribution to Harmonic Depollution Control by the Use of Adaptive Hybrid Filter Type TLC: Case of Control by Modulated Hysteresis

In this article, we propose a topology of a TLC-HAPF power filter as a harmonic compensator for an optimization of the pollution control of electrical networks. This filter consists of an active part and a passive part in order to reduce or limit switching losses during current injection into networks thanks to its TLC module. This topology also provides solutions dynamic performance issues, resonance and lack of compensation capacity for imbalance cases. It also offers a greater range of compensation than conventional active models which do not offer as well as an intermediate circuit voltage in the order of 105 V to 109 V relatively lower than others models (600 v). A modulated hysteresis control of this topology is therefore also developed in this article and allows to obtain a network analysis on the three phases at three levels: source side, load side, and finally at the connection of the filter to the network, allowing to specify for these different positions the value of the current spectrum and its THD at this well-defined moment.

Hybrid Simulation of Duty Cycle Influences on Pulse Modulated RF SiH_4/Ar Discharge

A one-dimensional fluid/Monte-Carlo（MC）hybrid model is developed to describe capacitively coupled SiH_4/Ar discharge,in which the lower electrode is applied by a RF source and pulse modulated by a square-wave,to investigate the modulation effects of the pulse duty cycle on the discharge mechanism.An electron Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the electron energy distribution as a function of position and time phase.Rate coefficients in chemical reactions can then be obtained and transferred to the fluid model for the calculation of electron temperature and densities of different species,such as electrons,ions,and radicals.The simulation results show that,the electron energy distribution f（ε）is modulated evidently within a pulse cycle,with its tail extending to higher energies during the power-on period,while shrinking back promptly in the afterglow period.Thus,the rate coefficients could be controlled during the discharge,resulting in modulation of the species composition on the substrate compared with continuous excitation.Meanwhile,more negative ions,like Si H_3^-and Si H_2^-,may escape to the electrodes owing to the collapse of ambipolar electric fields,which is beneficial to films deposition.Pulse modulation is thus expected to provide additional methods to customize the plasma densities and components.

Performance and Stability of Supercapacitor Modules based on Porous Carbon Electrodes in Hybrid Powertrain

Hybrid power sources have attracted much attention in the electric vehicle area. Particularly, electric-electric hybrid powertrain system consisting of supercapacitor modules and lithium-ion batteries has been widely applied because of the high power density of supercapacitors. In this study, we design a hybrid powertrain system containing two porous carbon electrode-based supercapacitor modules in parallel and one lithium ion battery pack. With the construction of the testing station, the performance and stability of the used supercapacitor modules are investigated in correlation with the structure of the supercapacitor and the nature of the electrode materials applied. It has been shown that the responding time for voltage vibration from 20 V to 48.5 V during charging or discharging process decreases from about 490 s to 94 s with the increase in applied current from 20 A to 100 A. The capacitance of the capacitor modules is nearly independent on the applied current. With the designed setup, the energy efficiency can reach as high as 0.99. The results described here provide a guidance for material selection of supercapacitors and optimized controlling strategy for hybrid power system applied in electric vehicles.

Docking process on hybrid self-reconfigurable modular robots

A novel hybrid self-reconfigurable modular robot is designed to finish the morphing action from line shape to hexagon shape. The robot is composed of many basic modules,each of which consists of a master module and a slave module in the shape of triangular prism. There are four connection ports on each basic module. For the master module there are two holes on each connection port,and for the slave one there are two pegs on each connection. The docking process between two neighboring basic modules is analyzed with a peg-in-hole mechanical structure. A small motion's method is presented and the contact forces are derived. According to the force/moment,the pose of a motion module should be adjusted to make two neighboring modules align and finish the docking process.Finally,a simulation of 3 basic modules is shown to finish the morphing and docking process effectively. The system can finish the morphing task from the line shape to the hexagon shape.

一种增加辅助子模块的MMC改进混合调制控制策略

传统的最近电平逼近调制NLM(nearest level modulation)具有控制简单,开关频率低的显著优势,但在输出电平数较少时,采用NLM调制的模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)输出波形谐波畸变率较大。在传统三相六桥臂MMC拓扑的各桥臂中增加1个全桥结构的辅助子模块,控制该辅助子模块的电容电压为半桥子模块的一半。针对该MMC拓扑,提出了一种改进的混合调制策略,该混合调制策略可以实现半桥和辅助子模块的平衡控制。在降低MMC交流侧输出电流的谐波畸变率同时,还可以降低全桥子模块的开关频率和系统损耗。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了详细的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了所提MMC拓扑和改进混合调制策略的有效性。

混合储能聚合商参与能量-调频市场控制策略

提出了一种混合储能聚合商(hybrid energy storage aggregator,HESA)参与能量-调频市场的控制策略。首先,对于独立系统运营商(ISO)发出的调频指令信号进行VMDWVD时频域分析,重构固有模态分量(IMF)生成高频信号与低频信号,分别作为HESA中功率型储能和能量型储能的输入信号。其次,构建了计及多市场价格不确定性的HESA投标与运行策略min-max-min模型,基于列和约束生成算法(C&CG)和强对偶理论对主子问题进行迭代交替求解。最后,基于实际PJM市场的价格、调频信号等数据进行了仿真,验证了HESA主体投标运营策略的有效性。

AOS中基于最优帧长的链路自适应联合优化方法

针对AOS中数据传输误码率高的问题,导致系统吞吐量低的问题,提出基于最优帧长的链路自适应联合优化方法。该方法以系统吞吐量最大化为目标,联合可变帧长,自适应编码调制和混合自动重传请求技术进行优化,根据信道状态信息分配下一帧传输最佳的帧长和编码调制方式,并对出错数据进行纠错和重传,最终提升系统吞吐量。仿真验证表明,与AMC-HARQ和AMC-ARQ方法相比,该方法在保证系统误帧率的同时,提高了系统的吞吐量。

面向输出性能优化的高低频混合型模块化多电平变换器及其调控策略

为破解中压模块化多电平变换器(MMC)输出性能提升与降本、增效难以有效兼顾的问题,该文提出一种基于高低频混合的新型MMC(NMMC)拓扑。NMMC每个桥臂包含1个由异质交叉连接模块(HCCM)构成的高频子模块和N-1个半桥变换器构成的低频子模块。HCCM的高频桥臂采用SiC MOSFET器件,而HCCM的换向桥臂及低频子模块均采用Si IGBT器件。针对NMMC拓扑,该文采用高低频混合调制策略,充分发挥了SiCMOSFET器件开关损耗低、Si IGBT器件通态损耗低的优势。此外,针对高频子模块提出一种特定的电容电压平衡策略,并详细分析高频子模块的工作状态。进一步地,仿真及实验验证了所提拓扑结构、调制策略、均压策略的可行性和有效性。最后,将所提拓扑与现有MMC拓扑在器件成本和运行损耗方面进行综合对比,证明所提拓扑可以更好地平衡装置的成本及效率指标。

考虑异质器件混用与输出电平倍增的混合型MMC及其调控方法

首先,为提高模块化多电平换流器(MMC)输出波形质量、降低装置运行损耗,提出一种基于Si和SiC器件组合应用的混合型模块化多电平变换器(HMMC)拓扑结构。该拓扑每个桥臂包含N个Si绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)器件的半桥子模块,每相交流侧串联一个直流侧电压为半桥子模块一半的SiC金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)全桥子模块,整体经济性较好。其次,提出一种面向输出电平数倍增的HMMC高、低频混合调制策略,并充分发挥SiC MOSFET开关损耗低的优势,在减小HMMC输出谐波的同时降低整体运行损耗。此外,分析混合调制策略下HMMC异质子模块直流侧能量的波动规律,提出一种高、低频模块直流侧电压稳定控制策略。最后,仿真和实验验证了所提HMMC拓扑结构和调制策略的可行性,并将所提HMMC、基于单一器件MMC和现有HMMC在损耗和成本方面进行综合对比,证明了该方案在降低损耗和减小成本方面优势显著。

Hybrid综合学习模式研究

不同的教育理论产生不同的教育模式,网络教育理论的融合推动了Hybrid综合教学模式的产生。成功的教学模式往往具有共性,有着坚实远程教学理论支撑的3+1核心模块可以构成综合学习模式的基本框架。而教师在模式实施过程中的全程引导和管理也是综合模式能否有效运行的重要环节。

基于SCSO-SVM算法的光伏组件故障识别

光伏阵列通常被安装在恶劣的室外环境中,因此在运行过程中易发生故障。为了准确识别光伏阵列的故障类型,提出沙猫群优化支持向量机(sand cat swarm optimization support vector machine,SCSO-SVM)用于光伏组件故障识别,且对比支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、粒子群优化支持向量机(particle swarm optimized support vector machine,PSO-SVM)、遗传优化支持向量机(genetic optimized support vector machine,GA-SVM)、麻雀优化支持向量机(sparrow optimized support vector machine,SSA-SVM)、灰狼优化支持向量机(gray wolf optimized support vector machine,GWO-SVM)和鲸鱼优化支持向量机(whale optimized support vector machine,WOA-SVM)算法。首先,六种SVM混合算法都克服了SVM诊断结果易受参数初始值影响的缺点,识别精度相较传统SVM算法都有所提升,但是识别时间都增加。其次,7种算法中SCSO-SVM识别效果最好,克服了SVM易受参数初始值的影响,相较SVM识别精度提高了约9.4594%;是因为更能有效找到SVM惩罚因子和核函数参数。然后,对于同一种算法而言,算法的识别精度是随输入特征减少而降低的,是因为输入特征越少,越不能有效表征光伏组件在不同故障类型下的输出属性。但算法的识别时间却不是随输入特征减少而减短。所以选取合适的输入特征才能兼顾算法的故障识别准确率和效率。最后,发现七种算法的识别效果依赖于数据集的影响。原因可能是各个算法参数选择过多导致泛化性有差异,且依赖参数初始值选择。