Separate Analysis of Remote Sensing Information of Structures of Different Geological Periods and Quantitative Study of Corresponding Tectonic Stress Fields

The structural feature shown on a remote sensing image is a synthetic result ofcombination of the deformations produced during the entire geological history of an area.Therefore, the respective tectonic stress field of each of the different stages in the complexdeformation of an area can be reconstructed in three steps: (1) geological structures formed atdifferent times are distinguished in remote sensing image interpretation; (2) structuraldeformation fields at different stages are determined by analyzing relationships betweenmicrostructures (joints and fractures) and the related structures (folds and faults); and (3)tectonic stress fields at different stages are respectively recovered through a study of the featuresof structural deformation fields in different periods. Circular structures and related circlular and radial joints are correlated in space to con-cealed structural rises. The authors propose a new method for establishing a natural model ofthe concealed structural rises and calculating the tectonic stress field by using quantitative dataof the remote sensing information of circular structures and related linear structures.

Study on Remote Sensing Information Extraction Technology for the Impervious Surface of Erhai Basin

[Objective] To study the remote sensing information extraction technology for the impervious surface of Erhai basin with the aim to develop dynamic simulation platform for the formation of water pollution. [Method] Linear spectral separation technology was used to achieve Vd-S model solution, extracting remote sensing in- formation of the impervious surface of Erhai basin from the TM data of Landsat5 in 2009. The linear combination of 4 kinds of endmember spectra, namely vegetation, high anti-illumination, low anti-illumination and bare soil, were used to simulate the TM spectral characteristics, and its distribution and spatial characteristics were ana- lyzed. [Result] Middle-resolution image is suitable for the basin-scaled impervious surface extraction with reliable results and satisfactory accuracy. [Conclusion] This study provided basis for deciding the relationship between the regulation strategy on the non-point source pollution of Erhai Lake, coordinated economic development and environmental protection.

Remote Sensing Estimation of Crop Lead Pollution Stress Degree Using Wavelet Analysis

Accurate estimation of soil lead pollution degree is one of the key steps in controlling soil lead pollution; vegetable hyperspectral features research provided a new approach to discovering and monitoring soil heavy metal pollution.Spectral reflectance implies information of pollution impacts on vegetation;estimation of lead pollution degree based on the spectral reflectance is equivalent to extraction of weak information.This study puts forward a new feature extraction method based

Suitable Land Assessment for Rice Crop in Burkina Faso Using GIS, Remote Sensing and Multi Criteria Analysis

In Burkina Faso, rice consumption is currently common and increasing in both, rural and urban areas. Although several efforts have been made by the state to develop land for rice cultivation, the population’s demand is still greater than the supply. Nevertheless, the country has great potential for rice cultivation. This study aims to analyze the suitability of land for rice cropping in the province of Nahouri. Field and satellite data were collected to map the rice crops developed areas. Furthermore, morphopedological, topographic, land use/cover, and accessibility to land data were collected and integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on simple Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). Land suitability for rice crop was performed. The results show that the total suitable area for rice cultivation in the province is 106,373 ha (28% of the province) where the most suitable areas cover 32,614 ha and the suitable areas cover 73,759 ha. Already 3144 ha of the province area had been developed for rice cultivation with 815 ha and 845 ha of most suitable and suitable areas respectively whereas more than 45% of the developed lands were not fit for the rice crop suitable land.

Analysis of Morphometric Parameters and Radioactive Characteristics Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Techniques in the Wadi Wizr Basin Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how modern technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) and digital elevation models can help in the creation of a geographic database for the Wadi Wizr basin in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert, in addition to examining and analysing the radioactive properties of various rocks. This was accomplished with the help of a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 metre accuracy and GIS software in 10.8 Arc Map. The RS-230 was also used to measure uranium and thorium concentrations. GIS softwares and digital elevation models have been shown to be more effective than the traditional method. This was demonstrated by the flexible and quick working method, the accuracy of the parameters used, and the results of the morphometric analysis of the basin river network. In addition to, the main drainage pattern from subtype to tree type, where the branching ratio was (1.59). This basin could also cause flooding. Similar studies, according to the results of this study, should make greater use of geographic information system technology and modern data sources. Wadi Wizr also has a radioactive anomaly, with uranium equivalent concentrations reaching 70 ppm in some fault parts.

STUDY ON FOREST FIRE DANGER MODEL WITH REMOTE SENSING BASED ON GIS

Forest fire is one of the main natural hazards because of its fierce destructiveness. Various researches on fire real time monitoring, behavior simulation and loss assessment have been carried out in many countries. As fire prevention is probably the most efficient means for protecting forests, suitable methods should be developed for estimating the fire danger. Fire danger is composed of ecological, human and climatic factors. Therefore, the systematic analysis of the factors including forest characteristics, meteorological status, topographic condition causing forest fire is made in this paper at first. The relationships between biophysical factors and fire danger are paid more attention to. Then the parameters derived from remote sensing data are used to estimate the fire danger variables, According to the analysis, not only PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index) can classify different vegetation but also crown density is captured with PVI. Vegetation moisture content has high correlation with the ratio of actual evapotranspiration (LE) to potential ecapotranspiration (LEp). SI (Structural Index), which is the combination of TM band 4 and 5 data, is a good indicator of forest age. Finally, a fire danger prediction model, in which relative importance of each fire factor is taken into account, is built based on GIS.

Integrated Evaluation Model for Eco-Environmental Quality in Mountainous Region Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.

Solid Waste Dumping Site Selection Using GIS and Remote Sensing for Kajiado County, Kenya

Solid waste dumping is a hectic problem in urban and developing areas due to shortage of land for the purpose. The main objective of this study was to select potential areas for suitable solid waste dumping for Kajiado County, Kenya. Eight input map layers including DEM （digital elevation model）, topography, urban settlement, roads, wetlands, rivers, forests and protected areas were prepared and MCDA （Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Methods） were implemented in a GIS （geographic information systems） environment. GIS, RS （remote sensing） and MDCA are powerful tools which can effectively be applied during the planning phase of solid waste management in order to avoid adverse catastrophes in future. The final suitability map was prepared by weighted overlay analyses and leveled as the most suitable, moderate suitable, less suitable and unsuitable areas. The area of each suitability level was calculated using spatial statistics. Polygons representing the most suitable sites were further analyzed in terms of area perimeter ratio in order to investigate the most suitable areas in terms of shape regularity. The leading four polygons considered were marked A, B, C, D respectively in the final map. This study showed that suitable areas for solid waste landfills were limited and scattered in the study area.

Remote Sensing and GIS Application to Superlarge Mineral Deposits Prediction in Western Slope of Great Xing'an Mountains, China

Supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the multi-source geoscience information in the Western Slope of Great Xing’an Mountains are visual analyzed, including remote sensing data, magnetic data, gravity data and gamma-ray spectrometry data. Thus the structural framework is built up. And the remote sensing image pattern of mineral deposits is established by comparing the remote sensing geological features of five large or superlarge mineral deposits located in the same metallogenic belt in China, Russia and Mongolia. Guided by the image pattern, seven prospective locations of large or superlarge mineral resource are delineated.

Implementation of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques to Study the Flash Flood Risk at NEOM Mega-City, Saudi Arabia

Southern Red Sea flooding is common. Assessing flood-prone development risks helps decrease life and property threats. It tries to improve flood awareness and advocate property owner steps to lessen risk. DEMs and topography data were analyzed by RS and GIS. Fifth-through seventh-order rivers were studied. Morphometric analysis assessed the area’s flash flood danger. NEOM has 14 catchments. We determined each catchment’s area, perimeter, maximum length, total stream length, minimum and maximum elevations. It also uses remote sensing. It classifies Landsat 8 photos for land use and cover maps. Image categorization involves high-quality Landsat satellite images and secondary data, plus user experience and knowledge. This study used the wetness index, elevation, slope, stream power index, topographic roughness index, normalized difference vegetation index, sediment transport index, stream order, flow accumulation, and geological formation. Analytic hierarchy considered all earlier criteria (AHP). The geometric consistency index GCI (0.15) and the consistency ratio CR (4.3%) are calculated. The study showed five degrees of flooding risk for Wadi Zawhi and four for Wadi Surr, from very high to very low. 9.16% of Wadi Surr is vulnerable to very high flooding, 50% to high flooding, 40% to low flooding, and 0.3% to very low flooding. Wadi Zawhi’s flood risk is 0.23% high, moderate, low, or extremely low. They’re in Wadi Surr and Wadi Zawhi. Flood mapping helps prepare for emergencies. Flood-prone areas should prioritize resilience.

Object-Based Analysis of Multispectral RS Data and GIS for Detection of Climate Change Impact on the Karakoram Range Northern Pakistan

Changing climate has a great impact on northern area of Pakistan＇s environment and is more prone to environmental changes impacts than rest of the country due to its high elevation. However, melting glaciers effect not only the local environment but also the whole country with frequent and heavy floods. Remote sensing （RS） from Satellites and Airplanes used in Geographical Information Systems （GIS） are technologies that can aid in understanding the on-going environmental processes. Furthermore, help researchers to observe, understand, forecast and suggest response to changes that occur. It can be natural disasters or man-made disasters and human induced factors. Still analysis accuracy issues play a vital role for the formulation of any strategy. To achieve better results, object based analysis methods have been tested. Various algorithms are developed by the analysts to calculate the magnitude of land cover changes. However, they must be evaluated for each environment that is under observation as mountainous areas. Here were object-based methods evaluated in comparison with pixel based. Landslides, soil moisture, soil permeability, snow cover and vegetation cover can be effectively monitored by those methods.

Groundwater Exploration Using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Central Nigeria

There exists a growing demand for potable water resources to fill the abysmally insufficient water needs for domestic and industrial especially in the Basement Complex terrains of Nigeria. This situation is attributable to its complex hydrogeologic character. The present challenge has worsened due to the non-incorporation of integrated methods in groundwater exploration campaigns. To effectively combat the challenge of unacceptable failure rates in drilled water well development, there is a need for innovative scientific principles and quantitative assessment of groundwater resources to enhance sustainable and proper utilisation of these resources. Hence, it is the objective of this research to exploit the potential application of remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques and freely open datasets in mapping groundwater potential zones. Seven thematic maps have been produced based on factors that are deemed to influence and deemed to have significant control on the occurrence and movement of groundwater. These factors are geology, lineament density, slope, drainage density, rainfall, land-use/land cover, and soil class. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign normalised weights to the thematic maps based on the various relative contributions to groundwater occurrence and movement. These thematic maps were then processed in a GIS environment using the Weighted Overlay tool which implements the MCDA. The resulting Groundwater Potential Zones (GPZ) of the area gave rise to Five classes viz: Very good, Good, Moderate, Poor and Very Poor representing 19%, 8%, 14%, 47% and 13% respectively. It is recommended that the GPZ map should be used as a reconnaissance tool for selecting prospective sites for detailed groundwater resource exploitation.

Multi-spectral remote sensing image enhancement method based on PCA and IHS transformations

This paper introduces a new enhancement method for multi-spectral satellite remote sensing imagery,based on principal component analysis(PCA) and intensity-hue-saturation(IHS) transformations.The PCA and the IHS transformations are used to separate the spatial information of the multi-spectral image into the first principal component and the intensity component,respectively.The enhanced image is obtained by replacing the intensity component of the IHS transformation with the first principal component of the PCA transformation,and undertaking the inverse IHS transformation.The objective of the proposed method is to make greater use of the spatial and spectral information contained in the original multi-spectral image.On the basis of the visual and statistical analysis results of the experimental study,we can conclude that the proposed method is an ideal new way for multi-spectral image quality enhancement with little color distortion.It has potential advantages in image mapping optimization,object recognition,and weak information sharpening.

基于Transformer的多尺度遥感语义分割网络

为了提升遥感图像语义分割效果,本文针对分割目标类间方差小、类内方差大的特点,从全局上下文信息和多尺度语义特征2个关键点提出一种基于Transformer的多尺度遥感语义分割网络(muliti-scale Transformer network,MSTNet)。其由编码器和解码器2个部分组成,编码器包含基于Transformer改进的视觉注意网络(visual attention network,VAN)主干和基于空洞空间金字塔池化(atrous spatial pyramid pooling, ASPP)结构改进的多尺度语义特征提取模块(multi-scale semantic feature extraction module, MSFEM)。解码器采用轻量级多层感知器(multi-layer perception,MLP)配合编码器设计,充分分析所提取的包含全局上下文信息和多尺度表示的语义特征。MSTNet在2个高分辨率遥感语义分割数据集ISPRS Potsdam和LoveDA上进行验证,平均交并比(mIoU)分别达到79.50%和54.12%,平均F1-score(m F1)分别达到87.46%和69.34%,实验结果验证了本文所提方法有效提升了遥感图像语义分割的效果。

内蒙古赤峰柴胡栏子金矿田遥感地质解译和蚀变信息提取与找矿预测

内蒙古柴胡栏子金矿田位于赤峰—朝阳金成矿带的最西北侧,是我国重要的黄金产地,但其自然条件恶劣,遥感地质研究程度较低,对于最主要的控矿因素(地层、构造、岩浆岩)分布特征以及与本区金成矿相关的围岩蚀变信息研究相对较少,利用遥感技术对该矿田进行找矿勘查具有重要意义。本文利用Landsat 8和GF-2遥感影像,结合“主成分分析+最佳指数因子”的方法组合,对柴胡栏子金矿田进行遥感地质解译。根据蚀变矿物的波谱特征,设计去除干扰信息-异常信息提取-异常分级-异常信息处理的蚀变信息提取方案,对Landsat 8和Sentinel-2A遥感影像进行蚀变信息提取;在前人区域地质、矿田地质研究的基础上,依据蚀变信息特征,结合地质解译成果圈定3个找矿靶区。研究表明,利用多源遥感卫星影像对研究区进行地质解译与蚀变信息提取,基本能够满足辅助中比例尺找矿预测及地质综合调查的需要,并提升找矿效率。研究成果对柴胡栏子金矿田未来找矿勘查具有基础性指导意义。

江西德安彭山矿田遥感找矿预测研究

矿田找矿预测过程中受基础地质大数据的影响较大,导致其应用于地质复杂区域时筛选结果的准确性较差,为此研究了江西省德安县彭山矿田遥感找矿预测方法。以下鞭山锡矿区作为彭山地区的典型矿田,分析了其地质特征与成矿规律,依据分析结果再结合遥感技术,获得遥感找矿要素与遥感蚀变信息,建立遥感综合信息找矿靶区预测模型,得到彭山地区找矿靶区定量预测结果输出。预测结果显示,研究区共定量预测出3个典型找矿靶区,分别位于该区的西北侧、西侧及东侧区域,主要具环形与条带状构造,构造发育方向主要为东北向、西北向及近南北向,所提取到的遥感蚀变信息主要有碳酸盐化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、高岭土化及铁染,3个靶区均具有较好的成矿条件;野外实际查证证实3个靶区中存在高岭土化、铁染及碳酸盐化等蚀变发育,且蚀变岩块中Cu与Au的含量较高,预测结果得到证实,可为该区域的找矿勘探提供可靠的参考依据。

刚果(布)Mpassa-Moubiri铜多金属矿区多源遥感蚀变矿化异常提取

刚果(布)Mpassa-Moubiri矿区铜、铅、锌等矿种找矿前景良好,运用多源遥感数据可提供丰富的找矿地质信息。本文选取Aster、Sentinel-2A、Worldview-2影像,采用主成分分析法分别提取白铅矿化、菱锌矿化、硅化、铁染、蓝铜矿化、孔雀石化等蚀变矿化异常信息,光谱角监督分类方法提取浅表含矿黑土异常信息。运用GIS密度分割挖掘各类蚀变矿化信息空间分布规律,并将其作为评价指标构建层次分析模型,最终圈定异常强度阈值高于0.8、面积17.18 km^(2)的遥感综合异常区域。结果表明:遥感综合异常主要呈北东向展布,富集在碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩接触带的有利成矿部位,与地表调查、化探异常吻合较好,表明多源数据组合能有效提取该矿区蚀变矿化信息,可为后续大比例尺勘查工作部署提供依据。

不同上下文比例对损毁建筑遥感场景图片样本集构建的影响

基于深度学习的遥感影像场景分析是震后进行损毁评估的重要手段。在损毁建筑影像资源相对稀缺的情况下,构建高质量的遥感场景图片样本集,对提高场景识别和分类精度具有重要意义。作为遥感分析的重要参考依据,上下文信息在场景图片中所占比例是影响样本集构建效果的一个关键因素。目前,样本集构建方法中缺乏对上下文信息合适比例的探索。该文以构建高质量样本集为目标,设计一种调整场景图片上下文信息比例的方法,研究不同上下文信息占比对场景样本集构建的影响,探索上下文信息比例的最佳设置范围。文章构建6组不同上下文信息占比的场景图片样本集,使用5种经典卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)进行训练和测试,并依次对每个模型的分类结果和不同上下文信息的分类结果进行分析。研究表明,当上下文信息占比为80%时,CNN网络达到了最佳的分类准确率(92.22%),当上下文信息占比为95%时,则降到89.03%;在所有的CNN模型中,GoogLeNet的分类表现最好,平均准确率达到93.13%。该研究可以找到场景样本集中合理的上下文信息比例设置范围,有效提高遥感场景图片分类的准确率,为损毁建筑遥感场景图片样本集的制作提供指导。

基于田长制的地理信息管理平台构建探讨

基于田长制管理工作需要,借助卫星遥感、地理信息、云计算等信息化技术手段,以“互联网+田长制”的思路,在构建基础设施层、数据资源层、系统支撑层、应用服务层和用户支持层等5个分层支持体系和两大保障体系的基础上,搭建田长综合管控、移动巡田APP、管理驾驶舱等应用服务的耕地保护“田长制”监管信息平台,形成“横向到边、纵向到底、全覆盖、无缝隙”的市、县、乡、村4级田长日常管护机制,为田长制工作提供全面的信息化服务支撑。

基于GIS和RS的中小城市热岛特征分析——以漯河市为例

随着现代化生活水平的提高,中小城市产业结构的调整以及人们衣食住行翻天覆地的变化,中小城市的城市热岛问题日益突出,为了引起对中小城市热岛效应的重视撰写本文。本文以中小城市漯河市为例,融合GIS、RS和气象数据,采用气象热岛计算方法、分裂窗遥感温度反演算法、地表热岛强度指数法(UHII)和热岛比例指数(UHPI)等计算方法进行城市热岛特征分析,结果表明:6、7、8三个月随着夏季温度的升高,下垫面水体无热岛效应,林地和耕地热岛面积比例较低,说明农林草绿色植被缓解地表温度增长作用明显,其中以高覆盖度的树林缓解效果更大;中小城市热岛效应显著地问题在城市规划和政府决策时应得到足够重视。