An encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital holography and amplitude-phase disturbance

In this paper, we propose an encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital interferometry. According to the original system framework, we add a random amplitude mask and replace the Fourier transform by the Fresnel transform. We develop a mathematical model and give a discrete formula based on the scheme, which makes it easy to implement the scheme in computer programming. The experimental results show that the improved system has a better performance in security than the original encryption method. Moreover, it demonstrates a good capability of anti-noise and anti-shear robustness.

Phase-shifting digital holography in image reconstruction

A phase-shifting digital holography scheme developed to investigate internal defects in artworks is described. Phase-shifting is utilized to obtain a clear reconstructed object wave from a rough surface texture. A reverse-transform algorithm is employed to reconstruct the object wave on its original position of unknown distance or the imaging position from the object wave information on the holographic plane. To get the clearest reconstruction the exact registration of the unknown distance is determined by applying the intensity sum as the auto-focusing function, The spatial resolution of the reconstruction image is also investigated for a variety of affecting factors. Laboratory results of reconstruction images under deformation are presented.

Two-step phase-shifting Fresnel incoherent correlation holography based on discrete wavelet transform

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH)has the ability to generate three-dimensional images with a superresolution by using incoherent sources.However,there are unwanted direct current term and twin image in interferograms,so it is of great significance to find a method to eliminate them.Phase-shifting technology is a most widely used technique for this task,but its three-step phase-shifting is not suitable for the instantaneous measurement of dynamic objects,and the quality of reconstructed image with the traditional two-step phase-shifting is lower.In this paper,we present a method of enhancing the resolution through using a two-step phase-shifting technology based on the discrete wavelet transform.After two-step phase-shifting,the resulting hologram is a superposition of multiple forms.The frequency of the resulting hologram is decomposed into different levels through using discrete wavelet transform,then the image is reconstructed after retrieving the low frequency band.Various experiments have verified the effectiveness of this method.

Single-shot phase-shifting digital holography with a photon-sieve-filtering telescope

A method of single-shot phase-shifting digital holography with a photon-sieve-filtering telescope is proposed.Three copy images with different phases are first generated by use of a monofocal photon-sieve filter in Kepler telescope,and then interfere with the reference plane wave by a beam combiner.The hologram is captured by a charge-coupled device(CCD)in one single exposure.The complex-valued amplitude of the test object can be reconstructed by three-step phase-shifting interferometry through three frames of extracted sub-interferograms from the single-exposure hologram.The principle and simulation experiments are carried out and verified the validity of our proposed method.This method can be applied for snapshot imaging and three-dimensional object construction.

Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.

Tailoring electron vortex beams with customizable intensity patterns by electron diffraction holography

An electron vortex beam(EVB) carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) plays a key role in a series of fundamental scientific researches, such as chiral energy-loss spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism spectroscopy. So far, almost all the experimentally created EVBs manifest isotropic doughnut intensity patterns. Here, based on the correlation between local divergence angle of electron beam and phase gradient along azimuthal direction, we show that free electrons can be tailored to EVBs with customizable intensity patterns independent of the carried OAM. As proof-of-concept, by using computer generated hologram and designing phase masks to shape the incident free electrons in the transmission electron microscope, three structured EVBs carrying identical OAM are tailored to exhibit completely different intensity patterns. Furthermore, through the modal decomposition, we quantitatively investigate their OAM spectral distributions and reveal that structured EVBs present a superposition of a series of different eigenstates induced by the locally varied geometries. These results not only generalize the concept of EVB, but also demonstrate an extra highly controllable degree of freedom for electron beam manipulation in addition to OAM.

Nonlinear effect of the structured light profilometry in the phase-shifting method and error correction

Digital structured light （SL） profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional （3D） measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measurement accuracy. In this paper, first, we review the nonlinear effects of the projector-camera system in the phase-shifting structured light depth measurement method. We show that high order harmonic wave components lead to phase error in the phase-shifting method. Then a practical method based on frequency domain filtering is proposed for nonlinear error reduction. By using this method, the nonlinear calibration of the SL system is not required. Moreover, both the nonlinear effects of the projector and the camera can be effectively reduced. The simulations and experiments have verified our nonlinear correction method.

Multiple-image encryption by two-step phase-shifting interferometry and spatial multiplexing of smooth compressed signal

A multiple-image encryption method based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry （PSI） and spatial multiplexing of a smooth compressed signal is proposed. In the encoding and encryption process, with the help of four index matrices to store original pixel positions, all the pixels of four secret images are firstly reordered in an ascending order; then, the four reordered images are transformed by five-order Haar wavelet transform and performed sparseness operation. After Arnold transform and pixels sampling operation, one combined image can be grouped with the aid of compressive sensing （CS） and spatial multiplexing techniques. Finally, putting the combined image at the input plane of the PSI encryption scheme, only two interferograms ciphertexts can be obtained. During the decoding and decryption, utilizing all the secret key groups and index matrices keys, all the original secret images can be successfully decrypted by a wave-front retrieval algorithm of two-step PSI, spatial de-multiplexing, inverse Arnold transform, inverse discrete wavelet transform, and pixels reordering operation.

Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.

4K-DMDNet:diffraction model-driven network for 4K computer-generated holography

Deep learning offers a novel opportunity to achieve both high-quality and high-speed computer-generated holography(CGH).Current data-driven deep learning algorithms face the challenge that the labeled training datasets limit the training performance and generalization.The model-driven deep learning introduces the diffraction model into the neural network.It eliminates the need for the labeled training dataset and has been extensively applied to hologram generation.However,the existing model-driven deep learning algorithms face the problem of insufficient constraints.In this study,we propose a model-driven neural network capable of high-fidelity 4K computer-generated hologram generation,called 4K Diffraction Model-driven Network(4K-DMDNet).The constraint of the reconstructed images in the frequency domain is strengthened.And a network structure that combines the residual method and sub-pixel convolution method is built,which effectively enhances the fitting ability of the network for inverse problems.The generalization of the 4K-DMDNet is demonstrated with binary,grayscale and 3D images.High-quality full-color optical reconstructions of the 4K holograms have been achieved at the wavelengths of 450 nm,520 nm,and 638 nm.

Direct field-to-pattern monolithic design of holographic metasurface via residual encoderdecoder convolutional neural network

Complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces(CAHMs)with the flexibility in modulating phase and amplitude profiles have been used to manipulate the propagation of wavefront with an unprecedented level,leading to higher image-reconstruction quality compared with their natural counterparts.However,prevailing design methods of CAHMs are based on Huygens-Fresnel theory,meta-atom optimization,numerical simulation and experimental verification,which results in a consumption of computing resources.Here,we applied residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network to directly map the electric field distributions and input images for monolithic metasurface design.A pretrained network is firstly trained by the electric field distributions calculated by diffraction theory,which is subsequently migrated as transfer learning framework to map the simulated electric field distributions and input images.The training results show that the normalized mean pixel error is about 3%on dataset.As verification,the metasurface prototypes are fabricated,simulated and measured.The reconstructed electric field of reverse-engineered metasurface exhibits high similarity to the target electric field,which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design.Encouragingly,this work provides a monolithic field-to-pattern design method for CAHMs,which paves a new route for the direct reconstruction of metasurfaces.

Three-step self-calibrating generalized phase-shifting interferometry

An accurate and fast three-step self-calibrating generalized phase-shifting interferomertry(SGPSI) is proposed. In this approach, two new phase-shifting signals are constructed by the difference interferograms normalization and noise suppressing, then the unknown phase shift between the two difference phase-shifting signals is estimated quickly through searching the minimum coefficient of variation of the modulation amplitude, a limited number of pixels are selected to participate in the search process to further save time, and finally the phase is reconstructed through the searched phase shift. Through the reconstruction of phase map by the simulation and experiment, and the comparison with several mature algorithms, the good performance of the proposed algorithm is proved, and it eliminates the limitation of requiring more than three phase-shifting interferograms for high-precision SGPSI. We expect this method to be widely used in the future.

Research on the Intelligent Control Strategy of the Fuel Cell Phase-Shifting Full-Bridge Power Electronics DC-DC Converter

focus of all countries.As an effective new energy,the fuel cell has attracted the attention of scholars.However,due to the particularity of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),the performance of traditional PI controlled phase-shifted full-bridge power electronics DC-DC converter cannot meet the needs of practical application.In order to further improve the dynamic performance of the converter,this paper first introduces several main topologies of the current mainstream front-end DC-DC converter,and analyzes their performance in the fuel cell system.Then,the operation process of the phase-shifted fullbridge power electronics DC-DC converter is introduced,and the shortcomings of the traditional PI control are analyzed.Finally,a double closed-loop adaptive fuzzy PI controller is proposed,which is characterized by dynamically adjusting PI parameters according to different working states to complete the intelligent control of phase-shifted full-bridge DC-DC converter.The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed algorithm has good a control effect.Compared with the traditional algorithm,the overshoot and stabilization time of the system are shorter.The algorithm can effectively suppress the fluctuation of the output current of the fuel cell converter,and is a very practical control method.

跨学科主题学习:认知偏差、应然指向与建构路向

自《义务教育课程方案(2022年版)》提出跨学科主题学习以来,跨学科主题学习引起了教育专家及一线教师的广泛关注。基于全息教学理念,从学习目标、课堂运行、关系结构三方面分析目前中小学教师对跨学科主题学习存在的认知偏差,明确跨学科主题学习的应然指向,即学习目标体现“完整儿童”发展特征,学习过程以“主动发现”为主线,学习内容整合对应人类社会结构;提出探索跨学科主题学习的建构路向,即建构以“目标—评价”为导向的逆向设计路径、以“问题—发现”为系统的探究过程、“大概念—联结”的多学科知识网络。

基于数字全息的模糊图像复原技术研究

采用数字全息方法研究物体经散射介质(毛玻璃)成像复原机理。首先,在菲涅尔离轴数字全息原理的基础上,建立了数字全息记录与再现的数学模型。然后,设计和搭建了全息散射成像系统,建立了毛玻璃的数学模型,并提出一种消除毛玻璃散斑噪声的算法,利用菲涅耳再现算法对实验得到的数字全息图进行再现。最后,用频谱滤波法对全息图再处理后进行再现。实验结果验证了理论算法和实验方法的正确性,为今后物体经过复杂介质的图像复原的深入研究提供了帮助。

全媒体时代“大思政课”建构的审视与优化

“大思政课”是新时代落实立德树人根本任务的新型课程教育理念。伴随全媒体技术同思想政治教育的融合发展,“大思政课”在教育内容、载体、主体、环境上凸显出“全程、全息、全员、全效”(即“四全”)的崭新时代特征。这不仅给传统思政课教育教学提出了现实挑战,同时也为当前思政课教育教学的优化发展明确了前进方向。全媒体语境下,善用“大思政课”,不仅要把握媒体深度融合的时代背景,明确“大思政课”建构的“四全”特征,还要从凝聚价值共识、加快媒体融合、提升媒介素养、拓展传播格局等路径入手,推动全媒体技术与思政课教育教学深度融合,使“大思政课”无处不在、无时不有,充分发挥思政课在立德树人、铸魂育人中的关键作用。

基于声全息法和单目视觉技术的柴油机噪声可视化实现

柴油机属于多噪声耦合动力装置,其噪声的识别和控制是内燃机研究领域的难点。为实现柴油机噪声的可视化,本研究结合了近场声全息法与单目视觉技术,开发了基于Labview的声像匹配模块,测试系统人机界面友好,并通过已知声源试验验证了声像匹配模块的正确性。将验证后的测试系统应用于高压共轨柴油机对主/次推力侧声源进行识别,结果表明:在大气压力为80kPa、转速为1800r/min的最大扭矩工况下,主推力侧出现较大辐射噪声的位置为中冷器进气管、曲轴定时齿形带轮、排气管、脚架和涡轮增压器等;次推力侧辐射噪声峰值出现在起动机位置。

基于双折射晶体透镜的自干涉全息成像系统

该文介绍了采用α–BBO双折射晶体透镜进行分光和光程差补偿方法,以及使用偏振相机进行单次采集的自干涉全息成像方法。该方法不需要使用额外器件补偿共轴干涉光路的光程差,适用于非相干白光照明情况下日常物体的全息图采集与图像重建。该文推导了再现距离与放大率等重要参数,并在此基础上,搭建了单发成像系统,还进行了实验验证。实验通过单次曝光采集了LED灯组的四幅不同偏振态全息图,并用四步相移法得到复振幅全息图,最后通过图像重建算法反演计算获得准确的再现图像。实验验证了基于α–BBO双折射晶体透镜的单次曝光自干涉全息成像方法的三维成像能力。

耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者的影响

目的观察基于全息论的耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者睡眠质量和日常生活的影响。方法选取2022年9月—2023年4月南宁市某三级甲等中西医结合医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊82例符合纳入条件的脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组患者实施耳鸣门诊常规护理的同时予两耳交替耳穴压豆,每周1次,连续4周;观察组在对照组措施的基础上行基于全息论的双侧耳部铜砭刮痧,每周1次,连续4周。于干预前、干预结束时和干预结束后4周采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量,采用耳鸣致残量表(THI)评估耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。结果两组各有39例患者完成研究。两组患者干预前、干预结束时、干预结束后4周PSQI的总分有逐渐降低的趋势,时间之间差异有统计学意义(P时间<0.05);干预结束时、干预结束后4周PSQI总分观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P组间<0.05);随观察时间延长,组间差异逐渐增大,组间随时间变化的差异有统计学意义(P交互<0.05)。两组患者干预前、干预结束时、干预结束后4周THI总分有逐渐降低的趋势,时间之间差异有统计学意义(P时间<0.05),但THI总分组间效应及交互效应无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预结束后4周,观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于全息论的耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆的方法所需用物简单、绿色安全,可改善脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者的睡眠质量,并减轻耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。

基于可调剪切干涉曝光方法的大口径液晶偏振光栅制备

为了解决传统偏振全息干涉方法受限于过长的光路难以制备长周期的大口径液晶偏振光栅的问题,提出了基于液晶偏振光栅模板的可调剪切干涉曝光方法,并通过理论分析了制备偏振光栅的周期随模板方位角及沿光轴轴向位置的变化。利用小口径高效液晶偏振光栅作为模板搭建可调剪切干涉曝光光路,并基于此制备了数十微米周期的200 mm口径液晶偏振光栅,平均衍射效率达到99%以上,平均周期约为59.86μm,周期分布不均匀性约为0.07%。实验结果表明,调剪切干涉曝光方法能够制备大口径的长周期偏振光栅,周期和效率分布均匀,还具备周期易于调节、结构紧凑和抗振动干扰强等优势。