Effect of forced lamina flow on microsegregation simulated by phase field method quantitatively

The influence of supercooled melt forced lamina flow on microsegregation was investigated. The concentration distribution at solid-liquid boundary of binary alloy Ni-Cu was simulated using phase field model coupled with flow field. The microsegregation, concentration maximum value, boundary thickness of concentration near upstream dendrite and normal to flow dendrite, and downstream dendrite were studied quantitatively in the case of forced lamia flow. The simulation results show that solute field and flow field interact complexly. Compared with melt without flow, in front of upstream dendrite tip, the concentration boundary thickness is the lowest and the concentration maximum value is the smallest for melt with flow. However, in front of downstream dendrite tip, the results are just the opposite. The zone of poor Cu in upstream dendrite where is the most severely microsegregation and shrinkage cavity is wider and the concentration is lower for melt with flow than that without flow.

Simulation of faceted dendrite growth of non-isothermal alloy in forced flow by phase field method

Numerical simulation based on a new regularized phase field model was presented to simulate the dendritic shape of a non-isothermal alloy with strong anisotropy in a forced flow. The simulation results show that a crystal nucleus grows into a symmetric dendrite in a free flow and into an asymmetry dendrite in a forced flow. As the forced flow velocity is increased, both of the promoting effect on the upstream arm and the inhibiting effects on the downstream and perpendicular arms are intensified, and the perpendicular arm tilts to the upstream direction. With increasing the anisotropy value to 0.14, all of the dendrite arms tip velocities are gradually stabilized and finally reach their relative saturation values. In addition, the effects of an undercooling parameter and a forced compound flow on the faceted dendrite growth were also investigated.

Effect of fluid flow on solidified equiaxed dendrite morphology evolution based on phase field-lattice Boltzmann method

Fluid flow can significantly change the evolution of microstructural morphology. However, relatively little is known how the fluid flow, concentration and microstructure affect each other quantitatively, which is essential to optimize processing parameters. A quantitative simulation study of Al-Cu solidified equiaxed dendrite evolution under forced flow based on phase field-lattice Boltzmann method(PF-LBM) is carried out. Results obtained are validated by Gibbs-Thomson relation at the dendrite tip. Compared with the equiaxed dendrite evolution without flow, the upstream dendrite arm is enhanced while the downstream arm is inhibited. Besides, as the inlet flow rate increases, the secondary arms attached onto the upstream primary arm and the upstream side of the primary arm normal to the inflow velocity has been well developed. Results show that sidewise instabilities of the primary dendrite arm and onset of secondary arm is caused by the local concentration perturbation and will be enhanced or inhabited by the flow. It is believed that the coupled PF-LBM method is able to handle dendrite evolution under forced flow quantitatively, which helps in investigating the solidified dendrite morphology evolution.

DROPLET DISPERSION AND COALESCENCE IN A POLYMER BLEND IN FLOW FIELDS

In this paper,the deformation,breakup,and coalescence of dispersed phase droplets in Newtonian liquid systems and viscoelastic liquid systems are reviewed.For Newtonian liquid systems a generally good understanding of dispersed phase morphology has been gained,whereas for viscoelastic liquid systems the comprehension is limited,especially for the effect of elasticity.

THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON TWO-PHASE LIQUID METAL FLOW

In this paper,the basic equations of two-phase liquid metal flow in a magnetic field are de- rived,and specifically,two-phase liquid metal MHD flow in a rectangular channel is studied,and the expres- sions of velocity distribution of liquid and gas phases and the ratio K_0 of the pressure drop in two-phase MHD flow to that in single-phase are derived.Results of calculation show that the ratio K_0 is smaller than unity and decreases with increasing void fraction and Hartmann number because the effective electrical conduc- tivity in the two-phase case decreases.

Mechanisms of fracture propagation from multi-cluster using a phase field based HMD coupling model in fractured reservoir

Natural fractures(NFs)are common in shale and tight reservoirs,where staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells is a prevalent technique for reservoir stimulation.While NFs and stress interference are recognized as significant factors affecting hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation,the combined influence of these factors remains poorly understood.To address this knowledge gap,a novel coupled hydromechanical-damage(HMD)model based on the phase field method is developed to investigate the propagation of multi-cluster HFs in fractured reservoirs.The comprehensive energy functional and control functions are established,while incorporating dynamic fluid distribution between multiple perforation clusters and refined changes in rock mechanical parameters during hydraulic fracturing.The HMD coupled multi-cluster HF propagation model investigates various scenarios,including single HF and single NF,reservoir heterogeneity,single HF and NF clusters,and multi-cluster HFs with NF clusters.The results show that the HMD coupling model can accurately capture the impact of approach angle(θ),stress difference and cementation strength on the interaction of HF and NF.The criterion of the open and cross zones is not fixed.The NF angle(a)is not a decisive parameter to discriminate the interaction.According to the relationship between approach angle(θ)and NF angle(a),the contact relationship of HF can be divided into three categories(θ=a,θ<a,andθ>a).The connected NF can increase the complexity of HF by inducing it to form branch fracture,resulting in a fractal dimension of HF as high as2.1280 at angles of±45°.Inter-fracture interference from the heel to the toe of HF shows the phenomenon of no,strong and weak interference.Interestingly,under the influence of NFs,distant HFs from the injection can become dominant fractures.However,as a gradually increases,inter-fracture stress interference becomes the primary factor influencing HF propagation,gradually superseding the dominance of NF induced fractures.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SUCCINONITRITE DENDRITIC GROWTH IN A FORCED FLOW

Numerical simulation based on phase field method is performed to describe solidification process of pure material in a free or forced flow. The evolution of the interface is showed, and the effects of mesh grid and flow velocity on succinonitrite shape are studied. These results indicate that crystal grows into an equiaxial dendrite in a free flow and into an asymmetrical dendritic in a forced flow. With increasing flow velocity, the upstream dendritic arm tip grows faster and the downstream arm grows slower. However, the evolution of the perpendicular tip has no significant change. In addition, mesh grid has no influence on dendritic growth shape when mesh grid is above 300×300.

A numerical study on pattern selection in crystal growth by using anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field method

Pattern selection during crystal growth is studied by using the anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field model.In the model,the phase transition,melt flows,and heat transfer are coupled and mathematically described by using the lattice Boltzmann(LB)scheme.The anisotropic streaming-relaxation operation fitting into the LB framework is implemented to model interface advancing with various preferred orientations.Crystal pattern evolutions are then numerically investigated in the conditions of with and without melt flows.It is found that melt flows can significantly influence heat transfer,crystal growth behavior,and phase distributions.The crystal morphological transition from dendrite,seaweed to cauliflower-like patterns occurs with the increase of undercoolings.The interface normal angles and curvature distributions are proposed to quantitatively characterize crystal patterns.The results demonstrate that the distributions are corresponding to crystal morphological features,and they can be therefore used to describe the evolution of crystal patterns in a quantitative way.

Effect of electromagnetic parameters on melt flow and heat transfer of AZ80 Mg alloy during differential phase electromagnetic DC casting based on numerical simulation

Based on multi-physical field coupling numerical simulation method,magnetic field distribution,melt flow,and heat transfer behavior of aΦ300 mm AZ80 alloy billet during differential phase electromagnetic DC casting(DP-EMC)with different electromagnetic parameters were studied.The results demonstrate that the increase in current intensity only changes the magnitude but does not change the Lorentz force's distribution characteristics.The maximum value of the Lorentz force increases linearly followed by an increase in current intensity.As the frequency increases,the Lorentz force's r component remains constant,and the z component decreases slightly.The change in current intensity correlates with the melt oscillation and convection intensity positively,as well as the liquid sump temperature uniformity.It does not mean that the higher the electric current,the better the metallurgical quality of the billet.A lower frequency is beneficial to generate a more significant melt flow and velocity fluctuation,which is helpful to create a more uniform temperature field.Appropriate DP-EMC parameters for aΦ300 mm AZ80 Mg alloy are 10-20 Hz frequency and 80-100 A current intensity.

Lattice Boltzmann model for interface capturing of multiphase flows based on Allen–Cahn equation

A phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for the interface capturing of multi-phase flows based on the conservative Allen–Cahn equation(ACE).By adopting the improved form of a relaxation matrix and an equilibrium distribution function,the time derivative?t(φ)induced by recovering the diffusion term in ACE is eliminated.The conducted Chapman–Enskog analysis demonstrates that the correct conservative ACE is recovered.Four benchmark cases including Zalesak’s disk rotation,vortex droplet,droplet impact on thin film,and Rayleigh–Taylor instability are investigated to validate the proposed model.The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can accurately describe the complex interface deformation.

Numerical simulation of boundary heat flow effects on directional solidification microstructure of a binary alloy

The boundary heat flow has important significance for the microstructures of directional solidified binary alloy.Interface evolution of the directional solidified microstructure with different boundary heat flow was discussed.In this study, only one interface was allowed to have heat flow, and Neumann boundary conditions were imposed at the other three interfaces.From the calculated results, it was found that different boundary heat flows will result in different microstructures.When the boundary heat flow equals to 20 W·cm-2, the growth of longitudinal side branches is accelerated and the growth of transverse side branches is restrained, and meanwhile, there is dendritic remelting in the calculation domain.When the boundary heat flow equals to 40 W·cm-2, the growths of the transverse and longitudinal side branches compete with each other, and when the boundary heat flow equals to 100-200 W·cm-2, the growth of transverse side branches dominates absolutely.The temperature field of dendritic growth was analyzed and the relation between boundary heat flow and temperature field was also investigated.

PEMFC船形堵块阴极流场的性能

建立流体体积(VOF)两相流模型,研究船形堵块流道的排水性能。建立不同开孔率的船形堵块流道三维模型,研究船形堵块及开孔率对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能的影响。船形堵块流道峰值净功率密度相较于传统直流道可提升9.4%,相较于同堵塞率下的梯形堵块流道可提高2.9%,具有较好的强化传质作用。通过提高船形堵块流道的开孔率,PEMFC可以获得更好的性能。在相同开孔率下,船形堵块流道的氧气摩尔浓度较直流道和梯形堵块流道分别提高28.6%和14.0%。结果表明,相较于传统直流道,船形堵块流道可降低排水周期和流道内平均水含量,具有更好的排水性能。

堵塞工况下水力旋流器流场特性及性能分析

为研究水力旋流器在井下出现堵塞问题而产生的流场及性能变化规律,以井下倒锥式水力旋流器为研究对象,采用数值模拟与实验相结合的研究方法,对旋流器在六种不同堵塞工况下的流场特性及分离性能进行深入分析,并提出一种流场不对称性的定量表征方法,明确其在不同堵塞工况下旋流场变化及平均偏移不对称情况。结果表明,在三条紧邻流道堵塞的工况中,切向速度及轴向速度的平均偏移不对称率均产生最大值分别为67.82%和34.99%;相对于无堵塞工况,六种不同堵塞工况的平均压降均有所上升,分离效率均有所下降,其中工况六在四条紧邻流道堵塞的工况中,平均压降最大,分离效率最小。通过实验开展不同工况下的分离性能分析,实验结果与模拟结果的平均误差为1.22%,呈现出较好的一致性,为本文数值模拟方法的准确性提供了验证。

喷水推进器进水流道在来流含气条件下的内部流动特性分析

为了研究喷水推进器进水流道在来流含气条件下的内部流动特性,以轴流式喷水推进器为研究对象,对喷水推进器在不同来流含气条件下进行全流域定常数值仿真,得到了不同来流含气条件下进水流道各截面气相体积分数分布特征和不均匀度变化规律.计算结果表明:在低航速区间时,进水流道内流量小、流速低,受管道几何结构影响,下部弯管处流体堆积现象明显,随着航速的升高,流量增大、流速提高,流体在上部弯管处产生流动分离,导致堆积区向上部弯管转移;在来流含气条件下,进口含气率和气泡直径的增大,会导致气液两相干涉作用变强,造成气体堆积现象加剧,影响流面的不均匀度.

针状电极作用下相分离结构逆流微细通道流动沸腾传热性能

为研究针状电极与相分离结构强化技术组合作用下微细通道流动沸腾传热性能,该研究提出了一种平行逆流微细通道热沉,针对顺流和逆流微细通道,通过高低压切换实现气相分离。以乙醇为试验工质,改性聚偏二氟乙烯多孔疏液膜(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)作为气液相分离工具,在入口过冷度为10℃,有效热流密度范围为48.08~87.29 kW/m^(2)工况下开展流动沸腾试验,引入饱和沸腾传热系数传热强化因子(Fht)研究不同相分离结构孔数(4孔PSS-1、6孔PSS-2、10孔PSS-3)(phase separation structure,PSS)和不同电场强度(200、400、600 V)组合作用下的微细通道沸腾强化传热特性规律和机理。研究结果表明,在相同工况下,与普通微细通道(无相分离结构0孔PSS-0和无电场)相比,单独相分离结构和单独针状电极作用下微细通道的传热性能均得到有效提高,10孔相分离结构和600 V电场强度分别作用时的最大Fht为1.14和1.20,相分离结构和针状电极组合作用下微细通道传热性能得到进一步提升,10孔和600 V电场强度组合条件下的最大Fht为1.29,结果表明相分离结构和针状电极2种强化技术存在一定的协同效果。研究结果为微尺度复合强化沸腾传热技术提供参考。

相分离结构与电场协同作用下微细通道流动沸腾传热

为研究相分离结构与电场协同作用下微细通道内流动沸腾传热特性,以质量分数为30%的甘油水溶液为试验工质,在入口温度为70℃、质量流率为121.25 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、热流密度为90.31~151.23 k W·m^(-2)的工况下,针对0、800、1 600 V不均匀电场,在截面为2 mm×2 mm的不同相分离结构逆流微细通道内开展流动沸腾试验,研究不同电场和不同相分离结构协同作用下微细通道内局部饱和沸腾传热系数及影响规律,结合可视化结果分析相分离结构与电场协同作用下受限气泡长径比变化以及强化机理。利用平均传热综合性能评价指标评估相分离结构与电场协同作用下微细通道的传热综合性能。结果表明,相较于无电场无相分离结构,相分离结构与电场协同作用下,局部饱和沸腾传热系数和受限气泡单位时间长径比变化比率ζ分别最大提高了61.22%、605.5%;平均传热综合性能评价指标最高可达1.50。

埋头弹药二次点火过程复杂流场特性

为研究大口径埋头弹二次点火过程中燃烧室内部的流场特性,采用基于欧拉-欧拉方法的二维轴对称两相反应流模型,结合动态网格划分理论和用户自定义函数技术,对105 mm埋头式穿甲弹的二次点火内弹道过程进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:可燃导向筒破裂后主装药床被点燃,燃气在弹底区域汇聚,形成局部涡流,涡流强度逐渐增大,涡流中心温度逐渐升高;在气相力的作用下,主装药床沿轴向和径向挤压至弹底区域,然后被大量燃气冲散至整个燃烧室;二次点火过程中最大膛底压力为560 MPa,炮口初速达到1650 m/s。

气井环空液面下泄漏声场模拟

气井油套管环空液面下泄漏声波的产生及传播机理一直备受关注。为研究液面下泄漏声波声源特性,建立了井下油套管环空泄漏物理模型,联合STAR-CCM+软件对环空液面下气体泄漏状态进行了流场及声场的仿真分析,得到了泄漏流场的压力和相态云图及不同泄漏孔径、泄漏位置和泄漏速度下的声压频率曲线。研究结果表明:随着泄漏速度升高,泄漏气流冲击管壁且液面震荡剧烈,液面下泄漏声源主要以四极子声源为主;液面上泄漏声源主要由液面震荡破裂及液面下四极子声源共同产生,泄漏声波能量的主要频率分布在0~100 Hz区间;在单一变量条件下,泄漏声压级随泄漏孔径、泄漏速度及泄漏位置距底部距离的增大而增大。研究结果可为在井口应用声波法检测液面下泄漏奠定理论基础。

基于相场方法的铀枝晶生长电化学-流场耦合研究

铀枝晶生长是导致乏燃料后处理电解精炼装置发生意外短路的潜在威胁因素,同时会使铀产物夹杂大量熔盐,影响产物纯度。为了更好地理解铀枝晶生长的微观机理,掌握阴极沉积形貌的控制方法,基于相场方法建立了铀在阴极的电沉积模型,研究了铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度、主枝晶干高度和总沉积面积等形貌参数对流场速度变化的依赖规律。发现外加流场的引入会使铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度降低37.18%,主枝晶干高度降低30.5%,总沉积面积降低49.3%。说明外加流场可以抑制铀枝晶生长,改善铀沉积形貌,但同时也会使破碎的枝晶须重新溶解到熔盐体系中,降低铀电解精炼效率。另外,通过对流场与电解电压、初始浓度等沉积条件耦合影响下铀枝晶形貌特征相图的分析可知,在实际电解精炼过程中,应在保证电解精炼效率的基础上尽量选择高初始浓度和高电解电压的沉积条件,同时设置合理的流场速度以获得理想的铀枝晶沉积形貌。

电场作用下气泡上升和破碎特性

利用数值模拟方法研究均匀垂直电场下单个气泡在液体中的上升和破碎特性。采用相场方法捕捉气泡形状变化,考察电场强度对气泡上升速度、液体射流速度和破碎时间的影响。结果表明:电场对气泡运动有显著影响,电场强度越大,气泡上升速度和液体射流速度越大。考察电场作用下气泡初始形状对上升和破碎特性的影响。结果表明:在电邦德数Bo_(e)为0—20内,初始水平轴与竖直轴比为1.3和1.0的椭球形气泡,电场强度的增大缩短了其破碎时间,而初始水平轴与竖直轴比为0.8的椭球形气泡,破碎时间随电场强度增大而变长。