Severe AWS （alcohol withdrawal syndrome） and AWD （alcohol withdrawal associated delirium） are common indications for intensive care unit admissions. Approximately 25% of patients with severe alcohol withdrawal req...Severe AWS （alcohol withdrawal syndrome） and AWD （alcohol withdrawal associated delirium） are common indications for intensive care unit admissions. Approximately 25% of patients with severe alcohol withdrawal require prolonged critical care hospital courses, often complicated by respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation due to administration of sedative continuous infusions and development of nosocomial infections. Although benzodiazepines are the mainstay of therapy for alcohol withdrawal, some patients exhibit benzodiazepine-refractory alcohol withdrawal. The use of phenobarbital as adjunct to benzodiazepines has been shown in studies to be effective in enhancing therapeutic responsiveness to benzodiazepines and reducing the need for mechanical ventilation. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether severe alcohol withdrawal treatment based on combining symptom-triggered benzodiazepine therapy with adjunctive phenobarbital will result in decreased mechanical ventilation rates, decreased use of continuous sedative infusions, decreased time to withdrawal symptom resolution and decreased length of stay in the intensive care unit. Chart reviews were utilized to determine total amount of benzodiazepine and phenobarbital use, need for mechanical ventilation, requirement of continuous lorazepam, dexmedetomidine or propofol infusions, average intensive care unit length of stay and incidence of adverse effects.展开更多
Recently, the investigation of novel molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） has attracted a lot of interest and becomes a fascinating field. The phenobarbital（PHN） was taken as an imprinted molecule and the 2-vinyl-...Recently, the investigation of novel molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） has attracted a lot of interest and becomes a fascinating field. The phenobarbital（PHN） was taken as an imprinted molecule and the 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine（VDAT） was considered as a functional monomer in this study. The geometry optimization, natural bond orbital（NBO） charge, and molecular electrostatic potential（MEP） of PHN and VDAT were studied at the M062 X level belonging to one of the hybrid density functional theories. Furthermore, we discussed the bonding conditions of PHN molecular imprinted polymers（PHN-MIPs） via the hydrogen bond length and atoms in molecules（AIM） theory. The rebinding property of PHN-MIPs was also researched. The results of MEP and NBO charge analysis were coincident. The stability property was excellent when the ratio of PHN and VDAT was 1：4. Except the classic hydrogen bonds, non-classical hydrogen bonds also existed in the imprinted polymers. By simulating the rebinding energies between the pentobarbital（PNT）, barbital（BAR）, and PHN-MIPs after the elution of PHN, the rebinding property of PHN-MIPs to PHN was excellent when PNT and BAR existed all at once. This research can provide theoretical reference for the synthesis and characterization of novel PHN-MIPs.展开更多
The interaction process between the phenobarbital（PHN） and acrylamide（AM） was studied using the M062X/6-31G（d,p） method. The PHN and AM were used as the template and functional monomer,respectively. The molecula...The interaction process between the phenobarbital（PHN） and acrylamide（AM） was studied using the M062X/6-31G（d,p） method. The PHN and AM were used as the template and functional monomer,respectively. The molecular electrostatic potential（MEP） was simulated for predicting the reactive sites. The atoms in molecules theory helped to reveal the imprinting mechanism and optimize the molar ratios for PHN and AM. The molecular imprinted polymers（MIPs） containing PHN were synthesized through the precipitation polymerization. The diameter range of the obtained MIPs was from 150 to 390 nm. According to the computational results,MIPs with the molar ratio of PHN and AM equal to 1：6 showed high selective adsorption for PHN. The apparent maximum adsorption quantity（Q_（max）） of MIPs toward PHN was 7.9 mg/g,and the Qmax of nonimprinted polymer microspheres（NIPs） was 3.2 mg/g. Herein,the studies can provide theoretical and experimental references for the controllable fabrication of MIPs.展开更多
The study was designed to investigate the role of hepatic metabolic activity on body burden of HCH residue. Male albino rats were orally administered 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg HCH for 90 days, followed by either sodium pheno...The study was designed to investigate the role of hepatic metabolic activity on body burden of HCH residue. Male albino rats were orally administered 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg HCH for 90 days, followed by either sodium phenobarbital or carbon tetrachloride treatment for 0, 15 and 30 days after withdrawal of their respective HCH administration. The liver weight was significantly increased at 30 days after the administration of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride in both 5 mg and 10 mg/kg HCH withdrawal groups when compared to control. HCH residue was maximun in fat followed by adrenal>thymus>liver>kidney>spleen>testes>brain>plasma. Carbon tetrachloride caused an accumul-ation of HCH residues in the liver 15 and 30 days after administration of both doses of HCH. Phenobarbital did not show significant variation in HCH residues in hepatic tissue. Phenobarbital treatment caused significant induction of hepatic RED, APD, AHH, GST and QR activities. Significant decreases in activities were observed by carbon tetrachloride when compared to animals treated with HCH alone. The overall results clearly suggest the role of P450 protein on the body burden of HCH residues.展开更多
Objectivs To evaluate the effect of phenobarbital in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage inpremature infants. Methods A randomized controlled trial for the prevention of neonatal intraventricularhemorrhage (IVH) wa...Objectivs To evaluate the effect of phenobarbital in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage inpremature infants. Methods A randomized controlled trial for the prevention of neonatal intraventricularhemorrhage (IVH) was carried out in 57 Chinese premature infants with gestation of 34 weeks. These prematureinfants were randomly assigned to prevented (23 cases) or control (34 cases) groups. Results No statisticallysignificant differences in general data between the two groups were found. It was noticed that the average Apgarscore in prevented group was lower than that in the control group. The average age at the time of the loading dosesof phenobarbital was 8.9± 8.3 (0.5～25)h (outborn babies usually delay to receive phenobarbital), and the averageduration of the maintenance dose was 5d. The mean value of serum phenobarbital level obtained on day 4 was 20.9±5.2mg/L. The results demonstrated that the incidence of IVH and severe IVH decreased significantly inprevented group (74% vs 97%, P<0.05 and 13% vs 62%, P<0.01 respectively). NO severe IVH and hydrocephaluswere develOPed in the infants with IVH grade Ⅱ in the prevented group. While 7 infants with grade Ⅱ developedgrade Ⅲ during very short period, and 2 infants had to shunt for hydrocephalus in the control group. Infants onphenobarbital had not observed any side - effects. The duration of clinical symptoms was markedly shortened in theprevented group. Conclusion The study supports the use of phenobarbital for the prevention of IVH and severeIVH in Chinese premature infants. It is suggested that phenobarbital prophylaxis should be routinely carried outin all preterm infants with gestational age 34 weeks within 6h alter birth.展开更多
文摘Severe AWS （alcohol withdrawal syndrome） and AWD （alcohol withdrawal associated delirium） are common indications for intensive care unit admissions. Approximately 25% of patients with severe alcohol withdrawal require prolonged critical care hospital courses, often complicated by respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation due to administration of sedative continuous infusions and development of nosocomial infections. Although benzodiazepines are the mainstay of therapy for alcohol withdrawal, some patients exhibit benzodiazepine-refractory alcohol withdrawal. The use of phenobarbital as adjunct to benzodiazepines has been shown in studies to be effective in enhancing therapeutic responsiveness to benzodiazepines and reducing the need for mechanical ventilation. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether severe alcohol withdrawal treatment based on combining symptom-triggered benzodiazepine therapy with adjunctive phenobarbital will result in decreased mechanical ventilation rates, decreased use of continuous sedative infusions, decreased time to withdrawal symptom resolution and decreased length of stay in the intensive care unit. Chart reviews were utilized to determine total amount of benzodiazepine and phenobarbital use, need for mechanical ventilation, requirement of continuous lorazepam, dexmedetomidine or propofol infusions, average intensive care unit length of stay and incidence of adverse effects.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.201215180)the Science and Technology Developmental Plan of Jilin Province(No.20130206099SF)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Projects for Education Department of Jilin Province(No.201359)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21302062)
文摘Recently, the investigation of novel molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） has attracted a lot of interest and becomes a fascinating field. The phenobarbital（PHN） was taken as an imprinted molecule and the 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine（VDAT） was considered as a functional monomer in this study. The geometry optimization, natural bond orbital（NBO） charge, and molecular electrostatic potential（MEP） of PHN and VDAT were studied at the M062 X level belonging to one of the hybrid density functional theories. Furthermore, we discussed the bonding conditions of PHN molecular imprinted polymers（PHN-MIPs） via the hydrogen bond length and atoms in molecules（AIM） theory. The rebinding property of PHN-MIPs was also researched. The results of MEP and NBO charge analysis were coincident. The stability property was excellent when the ratio of PHN and VDAT was 1：4. Except the classic hydrogen bonds, non-classical hydrogen bonds also existed in the imprinted polymers. By simulating the rebinding energies between the pentobarbital（PNT）, barbital（BAR）, and PHN-MIPs after the elution of PHN, the rebinding property of PHN-MIPs to PHN was excellent when PNT and BAR existed all at once. This research can provide theoretical reference for the synthesis and characterization of novel PHN-MIPs.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Nos.20150101018JC and 20130206099SF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21302062 and 21563002)
文摘The interaction process between the phenobarbital（PHN） and acrylamide（AM） was studied using the M062X/6-31G（d,p） method. The PHN and AM were used as the template and functional monomer,respectively. The molecular electrostatic potential（MEP） was simulated for predicting the reactive sites. The atoms in molecules theory helped to reveal the imprinting mechanism and optimize the molar ratios for PHN and AM. The molecular imprinted polymers（MIPs） containing PHN were synthesized through the precipitation polymerization. The diameter range of the obtained MIPs was from 150 to 390 nm. According to the computational results,MIPs with the molar ratio of PHN and AM equal to 1：6 showed high selective adsorption for PHN. The apparent maximum adsorption quantity（Q_（max）） of MIPs toward PHN was 7.9 mg/g,and the Qmax of nonimprinted polymer microspheres（NIPs） was 3.2 mg/g. Herein,the studies can provide theoretical and experimental references for the controllable fabrication of MIPs.
文摘星基广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B,automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)系统是一种新型的航空器监视技术,在未来空中交通管理系统中具有广阔的应用前景。为了深入研究星基ADS-B系统中航空器到卫星的空天链路通信性能,将专业软件Matlab和STK(system tool kit)有效联合,构建符合国际标准的星基ADS-B空天链路完整模型;通过离散事件动态交互模拟ADS-B消息的发送与接收全过程,最后统计得出体现星基ADS-B空天链路通信性能的消息识别概率(POI,possibility of identify)、消息检测概率(POD,possibility of detective)、信号接收功率、信号冲突概率、卫星覆盖范围等指标。仿真结果表明,随着区域内航空器数量上升,POI、POD下降,消息冲突概率上升。
文摘The study was designed to investigate the role of hepatic metabolic activity on body burden of HCH residue. Male albino rats were orally administered 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg HCH for 90 days, followed by either sodium phenobarbital or carbon tetrachloride treatment for 0, 15 and 30 days after withdrawal of their respective HCH administration. The liver weight was significantly increased at 30 days after the administration of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride in both 5 mg and 10 mg/kg HCH withdrawal groups when compared to control. HCH residue was maximun in fat followed by adrenal>thymus>liver>kidney>spleen>testes>brain>plasma. Carbon tetrachloride caused an accumul-ation of HCH residues in the liver 15 and 30 days after administration of both doses of HCH. Phenobarbital did not show significant variation in HCH residues in hepatic tissue. Phenobarbital treatment caused significant induction of hepatic RED, APD, AHH, GST and QR activities. Significant decreases in activities were observed by carbon tetrachloride when compared to animals treated with HCH alone. The overall results clearly suggest the role of P450 protein on the body burden of HCH residues.
文摘Objectivs To evaluate the effect of phenobarbital in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage inpremature infants. Methods A randomized controlled trial for the prevention of neonatal intraventricularhemorrhage (IVH) was carried out in 57 Chinese premature infants with gestation of 34 weeks. These prematureinfants were randomly assigned to prevented (23 cases) or control (34 cases) groups. Results No statisticallysignificant differences in general data between the two groups were found. It was noticed that the average Apgarscore in prevented group was lower than that in the control group. The average age at the time of the loading dosesof phenobarbital was 8.9± 8.3 (0.5～25)h (outborn babies usually delay to receive phenobarbital), and the averageduration of the maintenance dose was 5d. The mean value of serum phenobarbital level obtained on day 4 was 20.9±5.2mg/L. The results demonstrated that the incidence of IVH and severe IVH decreased significantly inprevented group (74% vs 97%, P<0.05 and 13% vs 62%, P<0.01 respectively). NO severe IVH and hydrocephaluswere develOPed in the infants with IVH grade Ⅱ in the prevented group. While 7 infants with grade Ⅱ developedgrade Ⅲ during very short period, and 2 infants had to shunt for hydrocephalus in the control group. Infants onphenobarbital had not observed any side - effects. The duration of clinical symptoms was markedly shortened in theprevented group. Conclusion The study supports the use of phenobarbital for the prevention of IVH and severeIVH in Chinese premature infants. It is suggested that phenobarbital prophylaxis should be routinely carried outin all preterm infants with gestational age 34 weeks within 6h alter birth.
