Phenolics-saponins rich fraction of defatted kenaf seed meal exhibits cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines

Objectives: To determine the cytotoxicity of crude ethanolic extract, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction on selected cancer cell lines, and to observe the morphological changes of the cancer cells treated with n-butanol fraction.Methods: The cytotoxic effect of n-butanol fraction, crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction on breast cancer(MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), colon cancer(HT29), lung cancer(A549), cervical cancer(He La) and normal mouse fibroblast(3T3) cell lines was determined using MTT assay. The morphological changes of the treated cells were observed under an inverted light microscope.Results: n-Butanol fraction was the most cytotoxic towards HT29 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner compared to crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction(P < 0.05). The IC50 of n-butanol fraction for HT29 and MCF-7 was(780.00 ± 28.28)and(895.00 ± 7.07) mg/m L, respectively. Cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted following treatment of HT29 cells with n-butanol fraction.Conclusions: In conclusion, n-butanol fraction was more cytotoxic than crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction towards the selected cancerous cell lines and induced apoptosis in HT29 cells.

Studies on Recovery Efficiencies of Phenols from Phenol Fraction Using Alkali Treatment

Experiments were conducted for the extraction of phenols from the phenol fraction obtained from the coal tar distillate. The phenol fraction for the present investigation has been procured from Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, Visakhapatnam whose composition is known. The phenol fraction from coal tar distillate can be treated for extracting phenols using caustic soda. An attempt has been made to find out whether the existing practice of using only 8%-15% can be modified by increasing the strength of sodium hydroxide and also explore the possibilities of substituting the sodium hydroxide with KOH as an extractant. The different streams of liquids obtained during experimentation have been analyzed by gas chromatograph. Salient features of the study are that higher concentrations of the alkali significantly improved the separation efficiencies of phenols and also regenerate the phenolate with higher phenol content. Increase in the alkali strength has greatly improved the separation as well as the phenol content in the regenerated phenols. Disposal of effluents containing phenols may lead to environmental problem of ground water pollution and the study throws a light on the removal of phenols from the effluents to the extent possible by using higher strength alkali solutions.

Relation between Antibacterial Activity against Food Transmitted Pathogens and Total Phenolic Compounds in Grape Pomace Extracts from Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah Varieties

Grape pomace is the main by-product of wine production that concentrates bioactive metabolites of polyphenolic nature with antibacterial activity. Since grape pomace composition varied depending on grape variety, climate, vineyard location, and winemaking technology, it is important to study the composition and antibacterial activity of each variety separately. In this study, antibacterial activity against different food pathogens was evaluated and its relation with polyphenols content was determined. Grape pomace from Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah varieties was extracted with methanol/HCl 1% (v/v), followed by sequential extractions with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antibacterial activity determined through the microdilution method, reaching over 90% of inhibition at 500 μg·ml-1 with the exception of Salmonella Typhi (70% of inhibition). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible strains, exceeding 50% of inhibition at 62.5 μg·ml-1. Ethyl acetate fraction contains the highest phenolic concentration in both Cabernet Sauvignon (132.2 mg of GAE g-1) and Syrah (102.6 mg of GAE g-1) pomace, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antibacterial activity present in grape pomace extracts is in direct relation to the polar phenolic content, in particular that from Cabernet Sauvignon.

Pedalium murex Linn(Pedaliaceae) fruits:a comparative antioxidant activity of its different fractions

Objective:To examine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of different solvent fractions of Pedulium murex(P.murex)Linn fruits(Family:Pedaliaceae)as well as the correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content.Methods:In the present study,the antioxidant activities of P.murex were evaluated using six in-vitro assays,namely total antioxidant assay,DPPH assay,reducing power,nitric oxide scavenging,hydrogen peroxide scavenging and deoxyribose scavenging assays,and total phenol contents were also investigated.Results:The ethyl acetate(EA)fraction was found to have high levels of phenolic content(298.72±2.09 mg GAE/g).The EA fraction exhibit higher total antioxidant capacity,higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity(135.11±2.95μg/mL),nitric oxide(200.57±4.5lμg/mL),hydrogen peroxide(2I7.91±6.12μg/mL),deoxyribose(250.01±4.68μg/mL)and higher reducing power.Correlation coefficient(r^2=0.914)was found to be significant between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity.Conclusions:In general,the results indicate that the EA fractions are rich in phenolic antioxidants with potent free radical scavenging activity implying their importance to human health.

Evaluation of in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus Linn F.Muell

Objective:To evaluate the aldose reductase inhibitory(ARI)activity of different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus for potential use in diabetic cataract.Methods:Total phenol and flavonoid content of different fractions was determined.ARI activity of different fractions in rat lens was investigated in vitro.Results:The results showed significant level of phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction[total phenol(212.15±0.79 mg/g),total flavonoid(39.11±2.27mg/g)]and aqueous fraction[total phenol(140.62±0.57mg/g),total flavonoid(26.07±1.49 mg/g)]as compared with the chloroform fraction[total phenol(68.56±0.51mg/g),total flavonoid(13.41±0.82mg/g)]and petrolium ether fraction[total phenol(36.68±0.43mg/g),total flavonoid(11.55±1.06mg/g)].There was a significant difference in the ARI activity of each fraction,and it was found to be the highest in ethyl acetate fraction[IC_(50)(49.26±1.76μg/mL)]followed by aqueous extract[IC_(50)(70.83±2.82μg/mL)]and it was least in the petroleum ether fraction[IC_(50)(118.89±0.71μg/mL)].Chloroform fraction showed moderate activity[IC_(50)(98.52±1.80μg/mL)].Conclusions:Different fractions showed significanct amount of ARI activity,where in ethyl acetate fraction it was found to be maximum which may be due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.The extract after further evaluation may be used in the treatment of diabetic cataract.

Free Radical-Scavenging Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Fractions from Cranberry Products

Lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity and antiradical activity were evaluated in HPLC fractions of different polarity obtained from two cranberry juices and three extracts isolated from frozen cranberries and pomace containing antho-cyanins, water-soluble and apolar phenolic compounds, respectively. Compounds with close polarities were collected to obtain between three and four fractions from each juice or extract. The cranberry phenols are good free radi-cal-scavengers, but they were less efficient at inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. Of all the samples tested, the intermediate polarity fraction of extract rich in apolar phenolic compounds of fruit presented the highest antiradical activity while the most hydrophobic fractions of the anthocyanin-rich extract from fruit and pomace appeared to be the most efficient at inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant or pro-oxidant activity of fractions increased with the con-centration. The phenol polarity and the technological process to manufacture cranberry juice can influence the antioxidant and antiradical activities of fractions.

百香果皮分级萃取物中多酚轮廓分析及其抗氧化活性物质筛选

为探究不同溶剂对百香果皮多酚的萃取效率,寻找其中抗氧化活性贡献大的特征多酚。选用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分级萃取百香果皮乙醇粗提物,采用分光光度法分别测定其总酚总黄酮含量,借助超高效液相色谱串联质谱解析各分级萃取物中酚类化合物,并结合非靶向代谢组学技术筛选差异代谢物并定量。选用DPPH自由基清除、ABTS^(+)自由基清除和Fe^(2+)还原法分析各分级萃取物体外抗氧化活性差异,通过皮尔逊相关性分析探寻百香果皮中抗氧化活性酚类标志物。结果表明:各萃取物总酚和总黄酮含量差异显著(P<0.05),由大到小依次为乙酸乙酯部位(EE)>正丁醇部位(BE)>乙醇粗提物(CE)>水部位(WE)>石油醚部位(PE)。从CE和各分级萃取物中共鉴定出33个酚类化合物,CE、EE和BE酚类化合物种类和数量较多。主成分分析(PCA)区分了各萃取物的代谢物,正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)对羟基苯甲酸、原儿茶酸、异槲皮苷和异荭草苷为差异物。EE中对羟基苯甲酸(653.44μg/g)、异槲皮苷(2420.64μg/g)和异荭草苷(113.23μg/g)含量最高,CE中原儿茶酸(152.40μg/g)含量最高。百香果皮各分级萃取物体外抗氧化活性差异显著,EE体外抗氧化能力最强,是优质的抗氧化剂开发部位。相关性分析结果显示,总酚和总黄酮是百香果皮抗氧化活性物质基础,异荭草苷和异槲皮苷是其中的抗氧化活性酚类标志物。研究结果为建立百香果皮相关抗氧化产品质量控制标准及精准开发利用百香果皮酚类化合物资源提供了基础数据。

Indigestible fraction of guava fruit:Phenolic profile,colonic fermentation and effect on HT-29 cells

Guava fruit is rich in phenolic compounds(PCs),whose metabolic fate has not been explored.Non-digestible carbohydrates and PCs in whole guava(WG)and seedless guava(SG)were submitted to an in vitro colonic fermentation,followed by evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of the fermentation extracts in HT-29 cancer cell lines.The main PCs in both samples were(+)-gallocatechin and gallic acid,while procyanidin B was the most abundant one associated with soluble indigestible fraction and quercetin predominated in the insoluble indigestible fraction.The fermentability index at 24 h was 78.84%in WG and 84.74%for SG,near to the value for raffinose used as reference,with butyric acid as the main short chain fatty acids(SCFA)produced.The greatest antiproliferative effects were observed in the SG at 12 h of fermentation and WG at 24 h of fermentation.These results allow to suggest consumption of guava fruit,either with or without seeds,as a feasible way to maintain colonic health.

陕北中低温煤焦油中酚类化合物的提取与GC/MS分析

以陕北中低温煤焦油为原料,考察其中酚类化合物的组成与分布情况。首先将煤焦油的轻油和重油蒸馏切割成170～240、240～270、270～300℃三个馏分;采用酸碱抽提法提取各馏分中的酚油;利用GC/MS分析了酚油中酚类化合物的组成与分布。结果表明:轻油3个馏分酚油共鉴定出75种酚类化合物,在170～240℃酚油中鉴定出56种酚类化合物,占该酚油质量的92.87%;重油3个馏分酚油中共鉴定出81种酚类化合物,在170～240℃酚油中有酚类化合物60种,占该酚油质量的93.80%。轻油和重油中所含酚类化合物主要为低级酚、C3—C4烷基苯酚、茚酚、苯二酚、萘酚和烷基萘酚。

景天三七乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

目的：对景天三七乙酸乙酯部位化学成分进行研究。方法：采用色谱法分离纯化,通过波谱法鉴定化合物结构。结果：从景天三七乙酸乙酯部位中分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别为：原儿茶酸（1）、咖啡酸（2）、5,7-二羟基色原酮（3）、没食子酸甲酯（4）、没食子酸乙酯（5）、杨梅素（6）、木犀草素（7）、木犀草苷（8）、3＇,4＇,5,7-四羟基二氢黄酮（9）、鸢尾酚酮（10）、鸢尾酚酮-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（11）。结论：其中,化合物1-3、8-11为首次从该植物中分离得到。

不同有机肥料对土壤生物活性有机质组分的动态影响

研究了红砂土中加入稻草秸秆和猪粪后土壤中微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳、溶解性酚等活性有机质组分的动态变化。有机肥处理一周后 ,微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳、溶解性酚等都达到最高值。随着培养时间的推移 ,不同处理的土壤中微生物生物量碳和水溶性有机碳含量都逐渐下降 ,而溶解性酚含量在整个培养过程中基本保持不变。相关分析表明 ,土壤中微生物生物量碳与水溶性有机碳和溶解性酚的含量都呈极显著正相关 ,而水溶性有机碳和溶解性酚的含量不相关。

中/低温煤焦油酚类化合物的组成研究

借助GC-MS手段分析陕北中/低温煤焦油酚类化合物组成和分布情况.通过常减压蒸馏,将陕北中低温煤焦油切割成170℃～230℃,230℃～270℃,270℃～300℃,300℃～340℃和340℃～360℃五个窄馏分并计算收率,并用酸碱抽提法提取各窄馏分中的酚油;通过GC-MS分析了酚油中酚类化合物的组成及分布情况.结果表明,五个窄馏分分别检测出23,23,15,18和10种酚类化合物,酚类化合物占其所在馏分酚油的比率分别为96.89%,60.01%,50.90%,36.51%和36.37%.焦油中所含的酚类化合物占焦油总量的12.91%,酚类化合物主要为低级酚、C3～C4烷基苯酚和萘酚.

黄秋葵花提取物不同极性部位抗氧化活性的研究

为确定黄秋葵花提取物的抗氧化活性,采用有机溶剂萃取法将黄秋葵花提取物分为乙酸乙酯相和水相2个不同极性部位,测定不同极性部位提取物中总黄酮及多酚的含量,分析其还原能力、(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力,比较黄秋葵花不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明,黄秋葵花提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性作用,其中乙酸乙酯相部位提取物的羟自由基清除能力和超氧阴离子清除能力均强于水相提取部位,而水相提取部位的还原力和DPPH自由基清除能力强于乙酸乙酯相部位提取物。本研究将为黄秋葵花抗氧化功能食品的研究与开发提供理论依据。

漆树木粉醇提物中多酚化合物的分离及结构表征

采用硅胶柱层析、中低压色谱和制备高效液相色谱协同活性跟踪方法,对漆树木粉醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位的具有抑制酪氨酸酶活性的化合物进行分离,并用红外、质谱和核磁等色谱分析手段对化合物的结构进行表征。从漆树木粉提取物乙酸乙酯部位分离得到7种多酚化合物,分别为没食子酸(1)、黄颜木素(2)、漆黄素(3)、硫黄菊素(4)、3,4',7-三羟基二氢黄酮醇(5)、槲皮素(6)和紫铆花素(7)。各化合物抑制酪氨酸酶活性(半数抑制质量浓度,IC_(50))由强到弱顺序:硫黄菊素(3.74 mg/L)、紫铆花素(4.32 mg/L)、槲皮素(18.73 mg/L)、漆黄素(69.4 mg/L)、没食子酸(89.5 mg/L)、黄颜木素(100 mg/L)和3,4',7-三羟基二氢黄酮醇(164.07 mg/L)。

坡缕石纳米份数对原位复合的PF及其摩擦材料性能的影响

分别枉预聚物体系中添加质量份数为0．3％，0．7％，1．0％，1．3％的坡缕石纳米（称为P纳米），原位合成坡缕石／桐油酚醛树脂（P／TPF）。用TEM观察纳米粒子在树脂中的分散状况，用SETARAM TG-DSC92-16热分析仪对合成的树脂进行了TG分析；将所合成的树脂分别制作成编织摩擦材料并在DMS-1试验机上对其摩擦学性能进行测试。结果表明：P纳米份数在0．3％～1．0％范围内P／TPF热失重率在240～600℃的中温区近于线性递减；当P纳米份数为1．0％时树脂的耐热性及其摩擦材料综合性能最佳，抗热衰温度可达280℃，200℃耐磨性最好，磨损率比无纳米桐油酚醛树脂摩擦材料提高15％。

中低温煤焦油馏分油的酚抽提精制工艺研究

以中低温煤焦油为原料进行恩氏蒸馏得到<280℃的馏分油,并对其进行性质分析和酚抽提。在酚抽提时,通过正交设计实验讨论了反应温度、碱液浓度、酸液浓度对收率的影响,从而确定了酚抽提的最佳工艺条件:在反应温度60℃,NaOH质量分数20%,H2SO4质量分数60%的条件下,反应10min,酚收率可达35.2%。最后对粗酚进行了精制,得到了符合工业质量指标的产品。

地锦草抗皮肤癣菌活性部位化学成分研究

目的:研究地锦草抗皮肤癣菌活性部位化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、凝胶、MCI GEL CHP 20P、制备液相等技术对地锦草活性部位化学成分进行分离纯化,用NMR、MS等波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从地锦草抗皮肤癣菌活性部位中分到11个化合物,其中8个黄酮醇类化合物,3个酚酸类个化合物。结构分别为山柰酚(1),槲皮素(2),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(4),槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-α-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(8),没食子酸乙酯(9),反式阿魏酸(10),原儿茶酸乙酯(11)。结论:地锦草抗皮肤癣菌活性部位主要含黄酮醇及酚酸类化合物。化合物5、10、11为首次从该植物中分离得到。

山绿茶有效部位抗大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝药效研究

采用80%乙醇加热回流和大孔树脂吸附法从山绿茶中提取分离得到总酚酸和总黄酮两个有效部位,分别对两部位中总酚酸和总黄酮及其中主要成分的含量进行了测定,并对山绿茶两个有效部位抗大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝药效作用进行了考察,结果显示,两个有效部位对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的肝指数、血脂、转氨酶和肝脏脂肪变性程度均有显著的改善作用。

益智果实乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性研究

研究益智果实乙酸乙酯部位的抗氧化能力。采用液液分配法从益智果实乙醇提取物中萃取得到乙酸乙酯部位,用硅胶柱色谱对其进一步分离纯化,得到4个洗脱部分。分别采用DPPH·清除法、ABTS·+清除法、总还原能力以及福林酚方法测定5个提取物的抗氧化能力和总多酚含量。实验结果表明,益智果实乙酸乙酯部位及其各部分均具有较强的抗氧化能力,其中石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(4∶1,体积比)洗脱部分的抗氧化能力最强。各提取物总多酚含量测定结果与其抗氧化能力呈正相关,表明提取物中起抗氧化作用的物质主要为多酚类化合物。

乙酸木质素分级产物制备环氧树脂的研究

采用沉淀法将乙酸木质素在乙酸水溶液中分成具有不同相对分子质量的3个级分。3个级分经苯酚酚化后,得到3种酚化木质素,其酚羟基含量明显提高。3种酚化产物与环氧氯丙烷反应得到3种木质素基环氧树脂。由最低相对分子质量的酚化木质素制备的环氧树脂环氧值最高为1.69 mmol/g,初始热分解温度最高达到256.3℃,残炭率最低41.6%。木质素基环氧树脂与E-44环氧树脂共混固化后,可以较大程度地提高E-44环氧树脂的黏接剪切强度。由相对分子质量最低的酚化木质素制备的环氧树脂,与E-44环氧树脂共混固化后黏接剪切强度最高达到7.9 MPa。