The roles of serine protease, intracellular and extracellular phenoloxidase in activation of prophenoloxidase system, and characterization of phenoloxidase from shrimp haemocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide or dopamine

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and dopamine （DA） on the activation of the prophenoloxidase （proPO） system of Litopenaeus vannamei. LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells （HC）, semi-granular cells （SGC）, large granular cells （LGC）, and total haemocyte count （THC）. When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA, serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase （PO） activity were significantly reduced, but extracellular PO activity increased significantly. These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells. The PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, and the TPK inhibitor, genistein, had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity, while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased. This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways, but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC, as the genistein effects were not statistically significant. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity. Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE, while in the haemocyte lysate supematant （HLS）, only a 272-kDa band was observed. This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs, 166 kDa and 126 kDa, and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa, respectively, suggesting that PO in L. vannamei is an oligomer, which may have different compositions intra- and extracellularly.

通过PO-KELM的3D NAND FLASH寿命预测方法研究

随着半导体行业的快速发展,以及各种芯片国产化的趋势越来越明显,3D NAND FLASH作为当前存储器件的重要代表,其寿命预测对于保障系统可靠性至关重要。因此,通过硬件搭建现场可编程门阵列采集平台,对3D NAND FLASH进行特性分析,在不同擦除/写入次数下模拟FLASH可能发生的不同误码情况,分析耐久性、数据保持特性以及读、写干扰特性的变化趋势。同时提出鹦鹉优化器改进的核极限机器学习机,由于核极限学习机参数寻优困难,鹦鹉优化器通过搜索位置提高参数寻优速度和准确度。采用将已使用的循环次数作为输出结果对FLASH进行寿命预测。实验结果表明,相比其他机器学习,采用鹦鹉优化的核极限学习机预测模型精度可以达到98.5%,在提升训练速度和准确度中具有重要的现实意义。

Isolation and Biochemical Characteristics Analyses of Phenoloxidases (POs) in Three Cultured Mollusk Species

Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe^(2+),Mg^(2+),Zn^(2+),Mn^(2+),Cu^(2+)and Ca^(2+)from FeCl_(2),MgSO_(4),ZnSO_(4),MnCl_(2),CuSO_(4)and CaCl_(2).The POs were inhibited by Fe^(2+)at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different.

紧组合惯导系统精度分析——以Applanix POS MV为例

随着移动测量技术发展,对高精度、连续、可靠、稳定的导航定位数据需求日益增多。本文针对复杂动态环境下单独GNSS导航定位难题,利用Applanix POS MV开展紧组合惯导系统精度试验研究。结论为:①紧组合导航定位精度明显优于单独GNSS PPK定位模型,尤其在角速率、姿态变化较大区域,组合导航定位精度优势更为显著;②紧组合导航定位系统跟踪所有卫星精度最高,关闭北斗卫星与仅跟踪GPS卫星精度相当,关闭GPS卫星精度损失严重;③紧组合导航定位系统PPK辅助定位精度优于RTX辅助定位精度,但RTX精度均优于0.05 cm,可满足大比例尺测图精度要求。结果表明,利用PPK或RTX辅助紧组合惯导系统在复杂情况下仍可提供高精度、连续、可靠、稳定导航定位数据。

东海近岸大气中的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb及其沉降入海通量评估

大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9月至翌年2月和2021年9-11月分别对上海及厦门地区近地表大气气溶胶中^(210)Po、^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi的活度浓度进行了连续观测;基于^(210)Po-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Po/^(210)Pb)和^(210)Bi-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb)两种示踪法计算了气溶胶颗粒物的滞留时间,并利用一维简单气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了3种核素以大气沉降方式输入东海的通量。结果显示,2016年上海秋、冬两季^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.11~1.27 m Bq/m^(3)、0.45~1.83 m Bq/m^(3)和1.12~6.10 m Bq/m^(3);2021年秋季厦门^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.05~0.85 m Bq/m^(3)、0.83~2.52 m Bq/m^(3)和0.17~1.32 m Bq/m^(3),上海近地表气溶胶中3种核素的活度浓度秋季平均值比厦门地区高。利用^(210)Po/^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算得到上海和厦门近地面大气的气溶胶滞留时间存在显著差异,基于^(210)Po/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(94±54)d,基于^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(6.4±4.8)d,造成这种差异的原因很可能是两种示踪法本身具有的系统性差异。本文基于一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了上海地区的^(210)Pb、^(210)Bi和^(210)Po的大气沉降入东海的通量,其在秋季期间的变化范围分别为0.1~26.35 Bq/(m^(2)·d)、0.04~7.91 Bq/(m^(2)·d)和0.01~5.49 Bq/(m^(2)·d)。基于模型估算的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb沉降通量与研究区域的实际观测值接近一致,表明利用一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型间接估算法在替代观测站直测核素的沉降入海通量方面具有一定可行性。

PO/SM法和CHPPO法生产环氧丙烷的技术对比

介绍了PO/SM和CHPPO法生产环氧丙烷的原理、流程,并对PO/SM和CHPPO法生产工艺进行了技术对比,报告了目前国内环氧丙烷装置建设项目的现状,指出PO/SM和CHPPO制备环氧丙烷是最绿色、环保方法。

三效蒸发器用于PO/SM装置废水降量

针对某石化公司PO/SM装置废水(HPW)产生量大、废液焚烧炉无法处理、容易引起PO/SM装置生产负荷波动等问题,提出了一种废水优化、浓缩降量的方法。

基于PoE供电的楼宇智能互联照明系统设计

随着物联网技术的发展,智能照明系统已成为建筑能源管理的重要组成部分。文章以Po E供电的楼宇智能互联照明系统为研究对象,探讨其设计方案。首先介绍了Po E技术原理及其在照明系统中的应用,然后详细阐述了系统架构、硬件设计和软件设计。在硬件设计中,考虑了照明系统的功率需求,采用了高效的LED灯具和节能型电源。在软件设计中,结合人体感知、环境变化和光源特性等因素,设计了智能照明控制算法。最后,对系统进行了仿真和实验验证,结果表明该系统具有良好的能效和稳定性,具备实际应用价值。

某退役铀矿山周边地表水中^(210)Po的检测方法——铜片自沉积法

研究并建立了退役铀矿山周边地表水中^(210)Po的检测方法(铜片自沉积法),调查了铀矿山周边地表水中^(210)Po的活度水平。铜片自沉积法以氢氧化铁为载体,吸附水样中的^(210)Po,在盐酸-氯化钠体系中使^(210)Po自沉积于铜片上,并在低本底α、β测量仪上测量,方法检出限0.001 Bq/L,精密度优于10%,加标回收率为93.4%~106.6%。研究结果表明,退役铀矿山周边地表水中^(210)Po活度浓度为0.001~0.223 Bq/L,存在通过饮用水和食物链转移到人、致居民内照射剂量升高的风险,需加强对铀矿山周边地表水的监测和公众照射的评价。

Effects of Several Immunostimulants on Phenoloxidase and Hemocytes of the Crab Charybdis japonica

To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immu-nostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.

k阶Poisson相依驱动随机系数混合算子整数值自回归模型

采用k阶Poisson相依驱动随机系数混合算子整数值自回归模型分析具有变量字符元素计数特征的数据,给出该模型的统计性质和参数的条件极大似然估计,并证明估计量的渐近正态性.数值模拟结果表明,随着样本容量的增加,参数估计逐渐收敛于真实值.实际数据分析结果表明了该模型的有效性.

WAO技术在PO/SM废水处理中的应用探讨

本文对PO/SM废水的来源&特点和WAO技术的工艺原理进行了探究,以国内某化工厂PO/SM装置废水处理项目为例,对比分析了WAO、SCWO及焚烧三种处理工艺的优缺点,结果表明:以SIEMENS为主导的WAO+PACT-WAR工艺具有技术成熟稳定、抗冲击性强、无污泥排放、无二次污染、运行成本低的特点,可无选择性地降解工业废水中的难生物降解的高分子有机物,非常适合应用在高CODcr、高TDS及高毒性的较大规模工业废水处理中,是目前国内大型PO/SM装置废水处理的首选和优先。

浙江大学升级校园POS终端方案

POS是一种多功能终端,使用起来安全、快捷、可靠,在校内各种场所广泛使用,承担着提供可靠保障和优质服务的硬件设备重任。但是,传统的校园POS终端难以满足师生对校内支付及身份验证场景使用的便捷性、智能化需求。不同品牌不同型号POS终端的通信协议不同,单独管理成本较高,业务配置复杂,同时校内业务模式和应用场景也在不断创新,终端维护变得越来越困难。

HPPO装置自主技术创新特点及降耗增效分析

分析比较了5种工业生产环氧丙烷(PO)的技术,认为中国石化过氧化氢氧化制PO(HPPO)工艺的催化剂与物耗处于国际领先水平,是炼化企业增加产能、升级改造的首选方案。对100,300,600 kt/a HPPO装置的HTS催化剂、反应器构型、运行参数、工艺流程、自动切换等进行自主技术创新,在降低双氧水、丙烯原料物耗中,贡献度最大的是HTS催化剂,影响最小的是自动切换反应器模式;HPPO装置降低物耗总费用为2690万~16401万元/a。

基于社会数据的卷烟零售客户行为分析与云POS预警系统优化

在当今数字化和信息化的时代,营销工作的成功与否往往取决于数据的精准应用和科学管理。卷烟行业作为一个竞争激烈的市场,营销工作不仅需要面对激烈的市场竞争,还需要适应新时代数字化发展的要求。为了应对上级对营销工作全面树立数据思维的要求,以及实现“营销精准施策攻坚战”的目标,卷烟行业积极推动云POS系统的发展与应用。本文旨在研究基于社会数据的卷烟零售客户行为分析与云POS预警系统优化,期望可以为卷烟行业实现高质量的营销发展提供重要的理论和实践指导,也可以为卷烟营销提供更加科学、高效、精准的数据支持。

陕西榆能EO、PO等高端化学品项目环评获批

近日,陕西榆能精细化工材料有限公司环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)、丙烯酸及酯、芳烃等高端化学品新材料项目环境影响报告获批。该项目位于陕西省,主要包括200 kt/a EO、100 kt/a PO、80 kt/a丙烯酸、400 kt/a甲醇制芳烃(MTA)、120 kt/a丙烯酸丁酯、400 kt/a烯酸酯乳液、200 kt/a聚醚减水剂大单体、260 kt/a双氧水(质量分数5%)、400 kt/a聚羧酸减水剂等装置。

Detection and Comparison of Phenoloxidase Activity of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) by Different Extraction Methods

[Objective] The research aimed to study the activity and dynamic changes of phenoloxidase in Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen） .[Method] Two enzyme solutions of insect body and hemolymph of Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen） were prepared by different extract methods,the activity and dynamic changes of phenoloxidase in different sites were measured.[Result] The phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph was significantly higher than that in body fluid,and the activity in female individuals was higher than that in male individuals.The phenoloxidase activity in body fluid was gradually enhanced with the prolongation of laying time in air.The phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph of adult was also gradually enhanced with the prolongation of time.[Conclusion] Part of phenoloxidase was existed in tissues and cells of Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen） participating in insect development and construction,and the other part was existed in hemolymph playing an immunological and defensive role.The stability of phenoloxidase was very strong,which was the effective guarantee for wide adaptation ability and strong immunity of insect.

Inhibitory Effects of Kojic Acid on Phenoloxidase of Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella

The effects of kojic acid on phenoloxidase (PO) of Plutella xylostella were investigated, when it had been partially purified by 40% saturated [(NH4)2SO4] and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Kojic acid showed inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and o-diphenolase activity of the PO. The inhibitor concentrations leading to 50% (IC50) activity lost were estimated to be 0.07 mmol L-1 for monophenolase and 1 mmol L-1 for diphenolase, respectively. Kojic acid can also prolong the lag time of PO for oxidation of L-tyrosine. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots and kojic acid was found to be a reversible competitive inhibitor with the Ki of 0.47 mmol L-1. The ability of kojic acid to inhibit the enzyme activity may be associated with its ability to chelate copper at the active site. In addition, the iron ion was found to shorten the lag time obviously, but have no important effect on the monophenolase activity.

无人机低空摄影测量POS数据关键信息提取的程序化实现

无人机低空摄影具有机动灵活、经济便捷的技术优势,它以高分辨率轻型数字遥感设备为机载传感器、以计算机视觉技术、导航定位技术为技术支撑,具有对地快速实时巡查、测量能力。随着我国城市化、工程建设的逐步加快,摄影测量的重要性凸显,对数据的处理能力和处理效率的要求越来越高。先从无人机低空摄影测量技术的发展与优势进行叙述,再对摄影测量POS(GPS/IMU)数据的程序化处理实现方法和应用实例进行验证说明,最后得出可以通过程序化提取POS关键信息方法能够大大提高数据处理效率。

河北保定方言呼母作[_(c)po]词源考

母亲称谓形式在汉语方言中表现多样,河北方言不但有呼母作“嬷[_(c)mo]”音的情况,还有诸如保定中部地区呼母作[_(c)po]音的情况,此类读音形式在南方方言尤其闽语比较多见,但两者不是一个性质的问题。河北保定方言呼母作[_(c)po]音的情况是在汉语与蒙满语言接触背景下形成的,其来源并非汉语“婆”字,而是来源于蒙古语■[momo]。