The photo-induced electron transfer reactions of anthracene with N,N -diethylaniline(DEA) and phenothiazine(PTZ) occur in the membrane phase of a Triton X-100/ n -C 10 H 21 OH(1-decanol)/H 2O microemulsion. DEA and PT...The photo-induced electron transfer reactions of anthracene with N,N -diethylaniline(DEA) and phenothiazine(PTZ) occur in the membrane phase of a Triton X-100/ n -C 10 H 21 OH(1-decanol)/H 2O microemulsion. DEA and PTZ exist in the membrane phase of the microemulsion. Anthracene exists in the oil continuous phase of the W/O microemulsion and in the oil core and membrane phase of the O/W microemulsion.展开更多
he stable radical cation salts of phenothiazine and N-alkyl-phenothiazine(alkyl =methyl , ethyl , isohutyl , isopentyl and benzyl) hexachloroantimonate ,per-chlorate , and iodide were prepared by means of one-electron...he stable radical cation salts of phenothiazine and N-alkyl-phenothiazine(alkyl =methyl , ethyl , isohutyl , isopentyl and benzyl) hexachloroantimonate ,per-chlorate , and iodide were prepared by means of one-electron oxidation with 2 ,2 , 6 ,6-tetramethyl- 4-acetoxypiperidine oxoammonium hexachloroantimonate , perchloricacid, hydrogen peroxide, and molecular iodine, respectively. The radical cationswere characterized using ESR spectroscopy. Conformational analysis based on theESR parameters suggests that the radical cations adopt a planar configuration withthe nitrogen radical as the center.展开更多
Purpose: Our practitioners are asked to consider a patient’s postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk profile when developing their prophylactic antiemetic strategy. There is wide variation in employed strategie...Purpose: Our practitioners are asked to consider a patient’s postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk profile when developing their prophylactic antiemetic strategy. There is wide variation in employed strategies, and we have yet to determine the most effective PONV prophylactic regimen. The objective of this study is to compare prophylactic antiemetic regimens containing: phenothiazines to 5HT3 antagonists for effectiveness at reducing the incidence of Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) rescue antiemetic administration. Methods: This is an observational study of 4392 nonsmoking, women who underwent general anesthesia for breast surgery from 1/1/2009 through 6/30/2012. Previous history of PONV or motion sickness (HxPONV/MS) and the use of PACU opioids were recorded. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy was left to the discretion of the anesthesia care team. We compared phenothiazines and 5HT3 antagonists alone and with a glucocorticoid to determine the most effective treatment regimen in our practice for the prevention of the administration of PACU rescue antiemetics. Results: Patients who received a phenothiazine regimen compared to a 5HT3 antagonist regimen were less likely to have an antiemetic administered in the PACU (p = 0.0100) and this significant difference in rates holds in a logistic regression model adjusted for HxPONV/MS and PACU Opioid use (p = 0.0103). Conclusions: Based on our findings our clinicians are encouraged to administer a combination of a phenothiazine and a glucocorticoid in female, nonsmoking surgical breast patients for the prevention of PACU rescue antiemetic administration.展开更多
Polymeric organic battery materials are promising alternatives to the transition-metal-based ones owing to their enriched chemistries. However, the flammability of organic compounds brings in serious concern on batter...Polymeric organic battery materials are promising alternatives to the transition-metal-based ones owing to their enriched chemistries. However, the flammability of organic compounds brings in serious concern on battery safety. In addition to use flame-retarding electrolyte/electrolyte additives or battery separators,flame retardancy can readily be achieved through the integration of flame-retarding unit into the polymer backbone, imparting the flame retardancy permanently. The as-designed polymer based on phenothiazine shows significantly shortened self-extinguished time without deteriorating its intrinsic thermodynamic and electrochemical properties. Moreover, two electron per phenothiazine molecule is realized for the first time in a highly reversible manner with discharge voltages of 3.52 V and 4.16 V versus Li+/Li and an average capacity of ca. 120 mAh g-1 at a current rate of 2 C. The origin of the reversibility is investigated through density functional theory(DFT) calculations. These findings address the importance of molecular design for safer and more stable organic materials for batteries.展开更多
The interaction between amphiphilic porphyrin and phenothiazine in AOT/isooctane/ water reverse micelle was investigated by UV-Vis spectra. A new absorption complex between the two species is formed in such circumstan...The interaction between amphiphilic porphyrin and phenothiazine in AOT/isooctane/ water reverse micelle was investigated by UV-Vis spectra. A new absorption complex between the two species is formed in such circumstances, which is ascribed to the enrichment of the components by the reverse micelle. The fluorescence quenching of CHTTP by PTH becomes more efficient after the formation of the absorption complex.展开更多
A new ligand, 10ethylphenothiazinyl 3 yl methylene thiosemicarbazon (HL) and its complexes ML2 (M=Zn2+, Cd2+), which exhibit intensive two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence at 800 nm laser pulses in femtosecond reg...A new ligand, 10ethylphenothiazinyl 3 yl methylene thiosemicarbazon (HL) and its complexes ML2 (M=Zn2+, Cd2+), which exhibit intensive two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence at 800 nm laser pulses in femtosecond regime, were synthesized and characterized. The measured power dependence of the fluorescence signals provided direct evidence for TPE. All of them exhibited a large two-photon absorptive cross section and, more importantly from the application point of view, high photochemical/photothermal stability.展开更多
Inclusion of Acyclodextrin (ACD) with phenothiazine 1 and Nalkylpheno-thiazine derivatives (alkyl = ethyl 2, isobutyl 3 and isopentyl 4) in aqueous solution was studied by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. The association...Inclusion of Acyclodextrin (ACD) with phenothiazine 1 and Nalkylpheno-thiazine derivatives (alkyl = ethyl 2, isobutyl 3 and isopentyl 4) in aqueous solution was studied by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. The association constant Ka values for the inclusion of β-CD with 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined to be 188, 214, 129 and 80 L/mol, respectively. It indicates that the stability of the inclusion complexes is dependent on the structure and the volume of the substituents in the guest compounds.展开更多
A new compound 1,1?-bis(3-pyridyl)-propylene(3,7-diformyl-N-ethylpheno- thiazinyl)ketone (C30H23N3O2S, Mr = 489.4) has been synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction met...A new compound 1,1?-bis(3-pyridyl)-propylene(3,7-diformyl-N-ethylpheno- thiazinyl)ketone (C30H23N3O2S, Mr = 489.4) has been synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group Ima2 with a = 27.491(5), b = 11.942(2), c = 7.389(2) ?, V = 2425.8(7) ?3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.340 g/cm3, μ = 0.167 mm-1, F(000) = 1024, the final R = 0.0363 and wR = 0.0869 for 2054 unique reflections with Rint = 0.0254. The structural determination shows that the molecule assumes a butterfly configuration with nearly planar wings. In addition, the electrochemical study indicates that there is a high electronic delocalization in the molecule.展开更多
The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B...The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G^** level, and their octanol-water partition coefficients (logKow) are calculated based on group contributions. The chlorine substitution pattern strongly influenced the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity of the compounds. The thermodynamic properties of congeners also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern. The effect of chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the mmaber and position of Cl atom substitution (Npcs). The results show that the Npcs model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity for all 135 PCPTZ congeners.展开更多
Phenothiazine-coated silver electrode prepared by a simple reaction of phenothiazine with the metal is very stable and can make the reduction of hemoglobin possible.
A facile and elegant method for synthesis of novel N-aryl phenothiazine derivatives from 2-phenylindolizines and phenothiazines through direct electrochemical oxidation has been developed.This approach was performed s...A facile and elegant method for synthesis of novel N-aryl phenothiazine derivatives from 2-phenylindolizines and phenothiazines through direct electrochemical oxidation has been developed.This approach was performed smoothly at room temperature without external oxidant and catalyst.Cyclic voltammetry and in situ FTIR techniques were applied to analyze the cross-coupling process of phenothiazines and 2-phenylindolizines,which helped to select the appropriate reaction potential.Under the optimized conditions,a broad range of substrates were well tolerated,affording the desired products in moderate to excellent isolated yields(up to 91%)with high regioselectivity.Meanwhile,a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway has been proposed.展开更多
Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional silicon-based solar cells owing to their low-cost production,facile fabrication,excellent stability and high pow...Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional silicon-based solar cells owing to their low-cost production,facile fabrication,excellent stability and high power conversion efficiency(PCE).The dye molecule is one of the key components in DSSCs since it significant influence on the PCE,charge separation,light-harvesting,as well as the device stability.Among various dyes,easily tunable phenothiazine-based dyes hold a large proportion and achieve impressive photovoltaic performances.This class of dyes not only has superiorly non-planar butterfly structure but also possesses excellent electron donating ability and large π conjugated system.This review summarized recent developments in the phenothiazine dyes,including small molecule phenothiazine dyes,polymer phenothiazine dyes and phenothiazine dyes for co-sensitization,especially focused on the developments and design concepts of small molecule phenothiazine dyes,as well as the correlation between molecular structures and the photovoltaic performances.展开更多
Electron transfer reactions take place readily between 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxoammonium ions (1a, 1b) and phenothiazines (2a—2g), giving corresponding nitroxides (3a, 3b) and phenothiazine radical cations...Electron transfer reactions take place readily between 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxoammonium ions (1a, 1b) and phenothiazines (2a—2g), giving corresponding nitroxides (3a, 3b) and phenothiazine radical cations (4a—4g). The rate constants for the electron self-exchange reactions between 1 and 3, as well as between 2 and 4, are determined by EPR and ~1H NMR line-broadening effect in acetonitrile. By application of the Marcus theory, the kinetics of the cross-exchange reactions between 1 and 2 is studied.展开更多
A novel three-component copolymer (PFDP),derived from 9,9-dihexylfluorene,diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP),and 10-octylphenothiazine,was synthesized through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation in good yields. PFDP po...A novel three-component copolymer (PFDP),derived from 9,9-dihexylfluorene,diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP),and 10-octylphenothiazine,was synthesized through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation in good yields. PFDP possessed moderate molecular weight and polydispersity,well-defined structure,and excellent thermal properties with an onset decomposition temperature at 357℃. PFDP in thin film exhibited red photoluminescence from DPP chromophore exclusively,with a peak at 602 nm. Electron-rich phenothiazine units sighificantly improved the injection and transport of holes by incorporating into polymer backbone. Light-emitting device was fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/ polymer/Ba/Al configuration using PFDP as the emitting layer. The device based on PFDP showed red emission [CIE coordinate value (0.62,0.38)] that was close to the standard red (0.66,0.34). The results on electroluminescent performance revealed that PFDP may be a promising candidate for the red emitter with a maximum brightness of 259 cd/m2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.25%.展开更多
Two new ligands, S-benzyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL1), S-methyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL2), and their complexes 122222(ZnL, ZnL, CdL), which exhibit...Two new ligands, S-benzyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL1), S-methyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL2), and their complexes 122222(ZnL, ZnL, CdL), which exhibit intensive two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence at 800 nm laser pulses in the femtosecond regime, are synthesized and fully characterized. The measured power dependence of the fluorescence signals provides a direct evidence for TPE. All of them exhibit a large two-photon absorptive crosssection. The two-photon-excited fluorescence spectra of them are compared and contrasted with the corresponding results obtained from the one-photon excitation. Emission peaks of the ligands and their complexes are observed mostly at the region 550—595 nm in the TPE fluorescence spectra.展开更多
U.V. irradiation of N-alkylphenothiazines (1a—c) in carbon tetrachloride produced 3-(phenothiazin-N’-yl-carbonyl)-N′-alkylphenothiazine (2a—b) and/or 3-(N′-alkylphenothiazin-3′-yl-carbonyl)-N-alkylphenot...U.V. irradiation of N-alkylphenothiazines (1a—c) in carbon tetrachloride produced 3-(phenothiazin-N’-yl-carbonyl)-N′-alkylphenothiazine (2a—b) and/or 3-(N′-alkylphenothiazin-3′-yl-carbonyl)-N-alkylphenothiazine (3b—c) together with the radical cation carbon tetrachloride salt 1<sup>+·</sup>CCl<sub>4</sub><sup>-·</sup>(4a—c), presumably via a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism.展开更多
The endogenous hypochlorous acid(HOCI) has been evidenced in a variety of cellular courses. However, the role of HOCI in most pathophysiological processes still keeps unclear because of the limited detecting tools. In...The endogenous hypochlorous acid(HOCI) has been evidenced in a variety of cellular courses. However, the role of HOCI in most pathophysiological processes still keeps unclear because of the limited detecting tools. In this work, we presented the pre- paration of a phenothiazine-derived fluorescent probe CIO-1 for HOCI detection with a cyanopyridinium moiety to improve its water solubility and lengthen its emission wavelength. The HOCI-promoted oxidation of sulfur atom in the probe resulted in a 460-fold emission intensity enhancement at 635 nm with high selectivity and sensitivity(detection limit: 1.12 nmol/L). The rapid response(5 s) also endowed the probe with real-time detection ability. Successfully, CIO-1 was devoted to the bioimaging of endogenous HOCI in inflamed RAW 264.7 cells and 5-fluorouracil-treated MCF-7 cells.展开更多
A series of N-bonded donor-acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl (PHPZ), anisyl (ANPZ), pyridyl (PYPZ), naphthyl (NAPZ), acetylphenyl (APPZ), and cyanophenyl (CPPZ) as an electron accepto...A series of N-bonded donor-acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl (PHPZ), anisyl (ANPZ), pyridyl (PYPZ), naphthyl (NAPZ), acetylphenyl (APPZ), and cyanophenyl (CPPZ) as an electron acceptor have been synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarities by absorption and emission techniques. These studies clearly revealed the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) excited state in the latter four compounds. The solvent dependent Stokes shift values were analyzed by the modified Lippert-Mataga equation to obtain the excited state dipole moment values. The large excited state dipole moment suggests that the full (or nearly full) electron transfer take place in the A-D systems. In the system of A-D phenothiazine derivatives, the transition dipole moments Mflu were determined mainly by direct interactions between the solvent-equilibrated fluorescence ^1CT state and ground state because of their lack of significant change with increase of the solvent polarity. The electron structure and molecular conformation of phenothiazine derivatives will be significantly changed with the increase of the electron affinity of the N-10 substituent.展开更多
A series of novel phenothiazine derivatives was synthesized and tested for arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist activity. They were synthesized as novel arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists from phenothiazine...A series of novel phenothiazine derivatives was synthesized and tested for arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist activity. They were synthesized as novel arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists from phenothiazine as a scaffold via successive acylation, reduction and acylation reactions. Their structures were characterized by ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and HRMS, and biological activity was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro binding assay indicated that several compounds are potent selective V2 receptor antagonists. Compounds with promising binding affinity to V2 receptors were selected to conduct the in vivo diuretic studies on Sprague-Dawley rats. Among them, 1n, 1r, It and 1v exhibited excellent diuretic activity, especially 1 r and 1v. Therefore, 1 r and 1v are potent novel AVP V2 receptor antagonist candidates.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 0 0 730 38,2 0 2 330 10 )
文摘The photo-induced electron transfer reactions of anthracene with N,N -diethylaniline(DEA) and phenothiazine(PTZ) occur in the membrane phase of a Triton X-100/ n -C 10 H 21 OH(1-decanol)/H 2O microemulsion. DEA and PTZ exist in the membrane phase of the microemulsion. Anthracene exists in the oil continuous phase of the W/O microemulsion and in the oil core and membrane phase of the O/W microemulsion.
文摘he stable radical cation salts of phenothiazine and N-alkyl-phenothiazine(alkyl =methyl , ethyl , isohutyl , isopentyl and benzyl) hexachloroantimonate ,per-chlorate , and iodide were prepared by means of one-electron oxidation with 2 ,2 , 6 ,6-tetramethyl- 4-acetoxypiperidine oxoammonium hexachloroantimonate , perchloricacid, hydrogen peroxide, and molecular iodine, respectively. The radical cationswere characterized using ESR spectroscopy. Conformational analysis based on theESR parameters suggests that the radical cations adopt a planar configuration withthe nitrogen radical as the center.
文摘Purpose: Our practitioners are asked to consider a patient’s postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk profile when developing their prophylactic antiemetic strategy. There is wide variation in employed strategies, and we have yet to determine the most effective PONV prophylactic regimen. The objective of this study is to compare prophylactic antiemetic regimens containing: phenothiazines to 5HT3 antagonists for effectiveness at reducing the incidence of Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) rescue antiemetic administration. Methods: This is an observational study of 4392 nonsmoking, women who underwent general anesthesia for breast surgery from 1/1/2009 through 6/30/2012. Previous history of PONV or motion sickness (HxPONV/MS) and the use of PACU opioids were recorded. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy was left to the discretion of the anesthesia care team. We compared phenothiazines and 5HT3 antagonists alone and with a glucocorticoid to determine the most effective treatment regimen in our practice for the prevention of the administration of PACU rescue antiemetics. Results: Patients who received a phenothiazine regimen compared to a 5HT3 antagonist regimen were less likely to have an antiemetic administered in the PACU (p = 0.0100) and this significant difference in rates holds in a logistic regression model adjusted for HxPONV/MS and PACU Opioid use (p = 0.0103). Conclusions: Based on our findings our clinicians are encouraged to administer a combination of a phenothiazine and a glucocorticoid in female, nonsmoking surgical breast patients for the prevention of PACU rescue antiemetic administration.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.51772199)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant no.BK20170329)+2 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technologythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe 111 Project。
文摘Polymeric organic battery materials are promising alternatives to the transition-metal-based ones owing to their enriched chemistries. However, the flammability of organic compounds brings in serious concern on battery safety. In addition to use flame-retarding electrolyte/electrolyte additives or battery separators,flame retardancy can readily be achieved through the integration of flame-retarding unit into the polymer backbone, imparting the flame retardancy permanently. The as-designed polymer based on phenothiazine shows significantly shortened self-extinguished time without deteriorating its intrinsic thermodynamic and electrochemical properties. Moreover, two electron per phenothiazine molecule is realized for the first time in a highly reversible manner with discharge voltages of 3.52 V and 4.16 V versus Li+/Li and an average capacity of ca. 120 mAh g-1 at a current rate of 2 C. The origin of the reversibility is investigated through density functional theory(DFT) calculations. These findings address the importance of molecular design for safer and more stable organic materials for batteries.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Ministry of ScienceTechnology of China(grant No.29971031,20073050,and G2000028204)for financial support.
文摘The interaction between amphiphilic porphyrin and phenothiazine in AOT/isooctane/ water reverse micelle was investigated by UV-Vis spectra. A new absorption complex between the two species is formed in such circumstances, which is ascribed to the enrichment of the components by the reverse micelle. The fluorescence quenching of CHTTP by PTH becomes more efficient after the formation of the absorption complex.
基金This work was supported by the grant for the State Key Program of China(G1998061402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(29871001,20071001).
文摘A new ligand, 10ethylphenothiazinyl 3 yl methylene thiosemicarbazon (HL) and its complexes ML2 (M=Zn2+, Cd2+), which exhibit intensive two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence at 800 nm laser pulses in femtosecond regime, were synthesized and characterized. The measured power dependence of the fluorescence signals provided direct evidence for TPE. All of them exhibited a large two-photon absorptive cross section and, more importantly from the application point of view, high photochemical/photothermal stability.
文摘Inclusion of Acyclodextrin (ACD) with phenothiazine 1 and Nalkylpheno-thiazine derivatives (alkyl = ethyl 2, isobutyl 3 and isopentyl 4) in aqueous solution was studied by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. The association constant Ka values for the inclusion of β-CD with 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined to be 188, 214, 129 and 80 L/mol, respectively. It indicates that the stability of the inclusion complexes is dependent on the structure and the volume of the substituents in the guest compounds.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50272001, 50335050) and the Committee of Education of Anhui Province (2004KJ020, 2003KJ218)
文摘A new compound 1,1?-bis(3-pyridyl)-propylene(3,7-diformyl-N-ethylpheno- thiazinyl)ketone (C30H23N3O2S, Mr = 489.4) has been synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group Ima2 with a = 27.491(5), b = 11.942(2), c = 7.389(2) ?, V = 2425.8(7) ?3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.340 g/cm3, μ = 0.167 mm-1, F(000) = 1024, the final R = 0.0363 and wR = 0.0869 for 2054 unique reflections with Rint = 0.0254. The structural determination shows that the molecule assumes a butterfly configuration with nearly planar wings. In addition, the electrochemical study indicates that there is a high electronic delocalization in the molecule.
文摘The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G^** level, and their octanol-water partition coefficients (logKow) are calculated based on group contributions. The chlorine substitution pattern strongly influenced the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity of the compounds. The thermodynamic properties of congeners also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern. The effect of chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the mmaber and position of Cl atom substitution (Npcs). The results show that the Npcs model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity for all 135 PCPTZ congeners.
文摘Phenothiazine-coated silver electrode prepared by a simple reaction of phenothiazine with the metal is very stable and can make the reduction of hemoglobin possible.
基金the generous financial support of the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.22178321,21773211 and 21776260)。
文摘A facile and elegant method for synthesis of novel N-aryl phenothiazine derivatives from 2-phenylindolizines and phenothiazines through direct electrochemical oxidation has been developed.This approach was performed smoothly at room temperature without external oxidant and catalyst.Cyclic voltammetry and in situ FTIR techniques were applied to analyze the cross-coupling process of phenothiazines and 2-phenylindolizines,which helped to select the appropriate reaction potential.Under the optimized conditions,a broad range of substrates were well tolerated,affording the desired products in moderate to excellent isolated yields(up to 91%)with high regioselectivity.Meanwhile,a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway has been proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21572030,21272033,21402023)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYGX2014J026)for financial support
文摘Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional silicon-based solar cells owing to their low-cost production,facile fabrication,excellent stability and high power conversion efficiency(PCE).The dye molecule is one of the key components in DSSCs since it significant influence on the PCE,charge separation,light-harvesting,as well as the device stability.Among various dyes,easily tunable phenothiazine-based dyes hold a large proportion and achieve impressive photovoltaic performances.This class of dyes not only has superiorly non-planar butterfly structure but also possesses excellent electron donating ability and large π conjugated system.This review summarized recent developments in the phenothiazine dyes,including small molecule phenothiazine dyes,polymer phenothiazine dyes and phenothiazine dyes for co-sensitization,especially focused on the developments and design concepts of small molecule phenothiazine dyes,as well as the correlation between molecular structures and the photovoltaic performances.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29572047)
文摘Electron transfer reactions take place readily between 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxoammonium ions (1a, 1b) and phenothiazines (2a—2g), giving corresponding nitroxides (3a, 3b) and phenothiazine radical cations (4a—4g). The rate constants for the electron self-exchange reactions between 1 and 3, as well as between 2 and 4, are determined by EPR and ~1H NMR line-broadening effect in acetonitrile. By application of the Marcus theory, the kinetics of the cross-exchange reactions between 1 and 2 is studied.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20872038)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2007A010500011)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20060561024)
文摘A novel three-component copolymer (PFDP),derived from 9,9-dihexylfluorene,diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP),and 10-octylphenothiazine,was synthesized through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation in good yields. PFDP possessed moderate molecular weight and polydispersity,well-defined structure,and excellent thermal properties with an onset decomposition temperature at 357℃. PFDP in thin film exhibited red photoluminescence from DPP chromophore exclusively,with a peak at 602 nm. Electron-rich phenothiazine units sighificantly improved the injection and transport of holes by incorporating into polymer backbone. Light-emitting device was fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/ polymer/Ba/Al configuration using PFDP as the emitting layer. The device based on PFDP showed red emission [CIE coordinate value (0.62,0.38)] that was close to the standard red (0.66,0.34). The results on electroluminescent performance revealed that PFDP may be a promising candidate for the red emitter with a maximum brightness of 259 cd/m2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.25%.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Program of China(Grant No.G1998061402) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50272001,29871001 and 20071001).
文摘Two new ligands, S-benzyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL1), S-methyl-b-N-[10-ethylphenothiazine-3-methylene] dithiocarbazate (HL2), and their complexes 122222(ZnL, ZnL, CdL), which exhibit intensive two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence at 800 nm laser pulses in the femtosecond regime, are synthesized and fully characterized. The measured power dependence of the fluorescence signals provides a direct evidence for TPE. All of them exhibit a large two-photon absorptive crosssection. The two-photon-excited fluorescence spectra of them are compared and contrasted with the corresponding results obtained from the one-photon excitation. Emission peaks of the ligands and their complexes are observed mostly at the region 550—595 nm in the TPE fluorescence spectra.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29572047)the State Education Commission of China (Grant No. 9473001)
文摘U.V. irradiation of N-alkylphenothiazines (1a—c) in carbon tetrachloride produced 3-(phenothiazin-N’-yl-carbonyl)-N′-alkylphenothiazine (2a—b) and/or 3-(N′-alkylphenothiazin-3′-yl-carbonyl)-N-alkylphenothiazine (3b—c) together with the radical cation carbon tetrachloride salt 1<sup>+·</sup>CCl<sub>4</sub><sup>-·</sup>(4a—c), presumably via a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21807029)the Double-Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province,China(2019)the Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University,China.
文摘The endogenous hypochlorous acid(HOCI) has been evidenced in a variety of cellular courses. However, the role of HOCI in most pathophysiological processes still keeps unclear because of the limited detecting tools. In this work, we presented the pre- paration of a phenothiazine-derived fluorescent probe CIO-1 for HOCI detection with a cyanopyridinium moiety to improve its water solubility and lengthen its emission wavelength. The HOCI-promoted oxidation of sulfur atom in the probe resulted in a 460-fold emission intensity enhancement at 635 nm with high selectivity and sensitivity(detection limit: 1.12 nmol/L). The rapid response(5 s) also endowed the probe with real-time detection ability. Successfully, CIO-1 was devoted to the bioimaging of endogenous HOCI in inflamed RAW 264.7 cells and 5-fluorouracil-treated MCF-7 cells.
基金Project supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20332020 and 20472079).
文摘A series of N-bonded donor-acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl (PHPZ), anisyl (ANPZ), pyridyl (PYPZ), naphthyl (NAPZ), acetylphenyl (APPZ), and cyanophenyl (CPPZ) as an electron acceptor have been synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarities by absorption and emission techniques. These studies clearly revealed the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) excited state in the latter four compounds. The solvent dependent Stokes shift values were analyzed by the modified Lippert-Mataga equation to obtain the excited state dipole moment values. The large excited state dipole moment suggests that the full (or nearly full) electron transfer take place in the A-D systems. In the system of A-D phenothiazine derivatives, the transition dipole moments Mflu were determined mainly by direct interactions between the solvent-equilibrated fluorescence ^1CT state and ground state because of their lack of significant change with increase of the solvent polarity. The electron structure and molecular conformation of phenothiazine derivatives will be significantly changed with the increase of the electron affinity of the N-10 substituent.
基金supported by National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development"(Nos.2011ZX09401-009 and 2013ZX09102014)
文摘A series of novel phenothiazine derivatives was synthesized and tested for arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist activity. They were synthesized as novel arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists from phenothiazine as a scaffold via successive acylation, reduction and acylation reactions. Their structures were characterized by ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and HRMS, and biological activity was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro binding assay indicated that several compounds are potent selective V2 receptor antagonists. Compounds with promising binding affinity to V2 receptors were selected to conduct the in vivo diuretic studies on Sprague-Dawley rats. Among them, 1n, 1r, It and 1v exhibited excellent diuretic activity, especially 1 r and 1v. Therefore, 1 r and 1v are potent novel AVP V2 receptor antagonist candidates.