Practical application of a Si anode in a high-energy-density battery cannot be achieved due to the huge volume expansion of these anodes.Researchers have focused on binders of the anode to restrict volume expansion in...Practical application of a Si anode in a high-energy-density battery cannot be achieved due to the huge volume expansion of these anodes.Researchers have focused on binders of the anode to restrict volume expansion in order to address this issue,as the hydrogen bonds and mechanical properties of binders can be used to enhance adhesion and accommodate the volume changes of a Si anode.Herein,we comprehensively consider binders’hydrogen bonds,mechanical properties,stability,and compatibility with the electrolyte solution,and design an ether-/ester-/fluorine-rich composite polymer,named P(TFEMAco-IBVE).The proposed binder formula possesses outstanding stability,adhesion,and mechanical strength;moreover,it can accommodate the dramatic volume changes of a Si electrode and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,achieving a high areal capacity of about 5.4 mA·h·cm^(-2).This novel polymer design may be applied to other electrode materials in the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) are a class of synthetic emulsifiers used in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. The influence of the fatty acid chain length on the emulsification properties of lact...Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) are a class of synthetic emulsifiers used in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. The influence of the fatty acid chain length on the emulsification properties of lactose fatty acid esters (LFAE) including lactose monooctanoate (LMO), lactose monodecanoate (LMD), lactose monolaurate (LML) and lactose monomyristate (LMM) was investigated in this study. The stability of the emulsions as well as the oil droplet size distribution in 20% soybean oil-in-water emulsions was measured at 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% of LFAE concentrations. In order of LFAE with the strongest emulsion stabilization characteristics were LML, LMD, LMO and LMM. Oil droplet distributions resulted in the same trend, with LML and LMD maintaining the smallest droplet sizes and thus the most stable emulsion. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and critical micelle concentrations were determined for each LFAE. An increase in HLB value was seen with an increased CMC value for each LFAE, showing the strength of the linear relationship between these two measured values. Additionally, there was a decrease in HLB and CMC values with a decrease in the fatty acid chain length of each LFAE. This research showed that LML and LMD formed more stable emulsions, even with HLB and CMC values higher than those of LMM suggesting HLB and CMC values alone do not predict emulsifier effectiveness.展开更多
目的对口服难吸收中药活性成分灯盏乙素进行结构改造,为寻找和设计合理前药及其剂型提供依据。方法通过先成盐后酯化的方法合成灯盏乙素乙酯、苄酯并改进文献方法合成羟乙酰胺酯,用质谱和氢谱确证结构。研究3种前药在不同pH水溶液中的...目的对口服难吸收中药活性成分灯盏乙素进行结构改造,为寻找和设计合理前药及其剂型提供依据。方法通过先成盐后酯化的方法合成灯盏乙素乙酯、苄酯并改进文献方法合成羟乙酰胺酯,用质谱和氢谱确证结构。研究3种前药在不同pH水溶液中的稳定性、溶解度、分配系数和在人血浆中的降解。制备灯盏乙素羟乙酰胺酯环糊精包合物和乳剂,比较包合物和乳剂在肠液中对该前药的保护作用,考察该前药在不同肠段黏膜匀浆中的降解情况。结果合成的3种前药经确证为目标物;灯盏乙素羟乙酰胺酯在缓冲液(pH 4.2)和水中的溶解度比灯盏乙素分别提高近10倍和35倍,分配系数也由原来的-2.56提高到1.48;该酯水溶液的稳定性较好(t1/2≈16 d,pH4.2),在人血浆的半衰期最短(t1/2≈7 m in),但在肠黏膜匀浆中的降解可能影响酯的吸收,不同肠段黏膜匀浆降解羟乙酰胺酯的次序为:十二指肠>回肠≥空肠>结肠。乳剂在肠黏膜匀浆中对前药有显著的保护作用,包合物次之。结论与灯盏乙素乙酯和苄酯比较,羟乙酰胺酯的理化性质较好,但其在肠道中的稳定性有待提高,可以选择乳剂或结肠定位给药减少前药的降解。展开更多
基金This study was supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0104300)the Key Project of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department(2018GZ0546).
文摘Practical application of a Si anode in a high-energy-density battery cannot be achieved due to the huge volume expansion of these anodes.Researchers have focused on binders of the anode to restrict volume expansion in order to address this issue,as the hydrogen bonds and mechanical properties of binders can be used to enhance adhesion and accommodate the volume changes of a Si anode.Herein,we comprehensively consider binders’hydrogen bonds,mechanical properties,stability,and compatibility with the electrolyte solution,and design an ether-/ester-/fluorine-rich composite polymer,named P(TFEMAco-IBVE).The proposed binder formula possesses outstanding stability,adhesion,and mechanical strength;moreover,it can accommodate the dramatic volume changes of a Si electrode and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,achieving a high areal capacity of about 5.4 mA·h·cm^(-2).This novel polymer design may be applied to other electrode materials in the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) are a class of synthetic emulsifiers used in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. The influence of the fatty acid chain length on the emulsification properties of lactose fatty acid esters (LFAE) including lactose monooctanoate (LMO), lactose monodecanoate (LMD), lactose monolaurate (LML) and lactose monomyristate (LMM) was investigated in this study. The stability of the emulsions as well as the oil droplet size distribution in 20% soybean oil-in-water emulsions was measured at 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% of LFAE concentrations. In order of LFAE with the strongest emulsion stabilization characteristics were LML, LMD, LMO and LMM. Oil droplet distributions resulted in the same trend, with LML and LMD maintaining the smallest droplet sizes and thus the most stable emulsion. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and critical micelle concentrations were determined for each LFAE. An increase in HLB value was seen with an increased CMC value for each LFAE, showing the strength of the linear relationship between these two measured values. Additionally, there was a decrease in HLB and CMC values with a decrease in the fatty acid chain length of each LFAE. This research showed that LML and LMD formed more stable emulsions, even with HLB and CMC values higher than those of LMM suggesting HLB and CMC values alone do not predict emulsifier effectiveness.
文摘目的对口服难吸收中药活性成分灯盏乙素进行结构改造,为寻找和设计合理前药及其剂型提供依据。方法通过先成盐后酯化的方法合成灯盏乙素乙酯、苄酯并改进文献方法合成羟乙酰胺酯,用质谱和氢谱确证结构。研究3种前药在不同pH水溶液中的稳定性、溶解度、分配系数和在人血浆中的降解。制备灯盏乙素羟乙酰胺酯环糊精包合物和乳剂,比较包合物和乳剂在肠液中对该前药的保护作用,考察该前药在不同肠段黏膜匀浆中的降解情况。结果合成的3种前药经确证为目标物;灯盏乙素羟乙酰胺酯在缓冲液(pH 4.2)和水中的溶解度比灯盏乙素分别提高近10倍和35倍,分配系数也由原来的-2.56提高到1.48;该酯水溶液的稳定性较好(t1/2≈16 d,pH4.2),在人血浆的半衰期最短(t1/2≈7 m in),但在肠黏膜匀浆中的降解可能影响酯的吸收,不同肠段黏膜匀浆降解羟乙酰胺酯的次序为:十二指肠>回肠≥空肠>结肠。乳剂在肠黏膜匀浆中对前药有显著的保护作用,包合物次之。结论与灯盏乙素乙酯和苄酯比较,羟乙酰胺酯的理化性质较好,但其在肠道中的稳定性有待提高,可以选择乳剂或结肠定位给药减少前药的降解。
