Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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源内裂解HPLC-MS/MS法快速测定造血干细胞移植患儿微量血浆中泊沙康唑和苯妥英浓度

目的建立一种源内裂解辅助调整线性范围的高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法快速测定造血干细胞移植(HSCT)患儿微量血浆中泊沙康唑和苯妥英的浓度。方法10μL血浆经甲醇沉淀蛋白,上清液经水稀释进样分析,内标分别为泊沙康唑-D4和苯妥英-D10;采用Kinetex EVO C18柱(30 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,以水(A)和乙腈(B)为流动相,均含0.1%甲酸和2 mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃,进样量2μL,运行时间2 min。电喷雾离子源正离子扫描下,采用多反应监测模式进行质谱分析。考察该方法的选择性、最低定量限和标准曲线、准确度和精密度、回收率、基质效应、稳定性、高脂效应和溶血效应。并用本法测定了我院10例HSCT患儿的泊沙康唑和苯妥英血药浓度。结果泊沙康唑、苯妥英及内标泊沙康唑-D4、苯妥英-D10的保留时间分别为1.05、0.98、1.05、0.97 min。泊沙康唑在0.1~12.8μg·mL^(-1)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,最低定量限为0.1μg·mL^(-1);苯妥英在0.4~51.2μg·mL^(-1)与峰面积线性关系良好,最低定量限为0.4μg·mL^(-1);批内、批间准确度为92.65%~109.03%,批内、批间精密度的RSD均≤11.0%。两种药物的平均提取回收率均在86.21%~104.82%;内标归一化基质因子的RSD≤6.2%;高脂和2%溶血均不影响两种抗菌药物测定结果。样品的稳定性在试验条件下均良好。该法成功用于我院10例造血干细胞移植患儿血浆样本分析。结论本方法所需样本量小,简单快速、准确灵敏,可应用于泊沙康唑和苯妥英联合用药研究及治疗药物监测。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中苯妥英、卡马西平、苯巴比妥

本文报道一个专属、准确、精密、灵敏的抗癫痫药物苯妥英(Phenytoin DPH)、卡马西平(Carbamazepine,CBZ)和苯巴比妥(Phenobarbital,PB)血药浓度的反相高效液相色谱测定法。本法以5—乙基—5—对甲苯基巴比妥酸为内标,采用简单的溶液提取,于40℃、氮气流蒸干,流动相制成供试液进样。以乙腈、甲醇、水和氯仿(10∶35∶56∶0.13,V/V)为流动相,于254nm检测。在三个不同水平,DPH、CBZ、PB的平均回收率为97.81%、98.14%和100.7%(n=12),日内和日间变异均低于5%。内源性物质及34种常用药物未见干扰本测定条件,在分析范围内具有良好的线性关系,并已在临床分析中应用。

4种抗癫痫药物单用与合用的疗效观察

报道128例癫痫患者4种抗癫痫药单用与合用的临床疗效以及中毒情况,对128例癫痫患者的血药浓度监测结果进行了分析,着重分析了PHT中毒病例与血药浓度的关系.举例说明TDM工作有助于诊断、处理药物过量中毒;对合并用药的合理性具有指导作用,建议尽量避免多药合用;同时必须密切注意PHT的饱和动力学特征.

我院常规血药浓度监测结果评析

目的：对2007年1～12月间我院常规监测的6种药物血药浓度进行分析,探讨治疗药物监测在临床上的应用价值。方法：应用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定苯妥英、地高辛、环孢素等6种药物的血药浓度,并对测定结果的概况进行评析。结果：共监测1291例患者的血药浓度,其中苯妥英是6种药物中不在有效浓度范围内例数最多的一种药物,也是出现临床中毒反应最多的一种药物。地高辛和环孢素是临床药物治疗中需要密切监测药物疗效和调整药物剂量的药物。结论：苯妥英、地高辛、环孢素是最需要经常监测的药物品种。

苯妥英治疗癫痫发作的有效血药浓度探讨

用紫外分光光度法测定了５８例全身性发作或部分性发作的癫痫病人苯妥英的有效血药浓度，并进行了随访观察。结果显示苯妥英的有效血药浓度为９．６６±６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ。本文讨论了发作类型对苯妥英的有效血药浓度的影响及成人口服苯妥英的起始剂量、有效血药浓度与发作间期脑电图和癫痫复发的关系等问题，并提出了建立稳态警戒值浓度的可行性。

难治性癫痫患者的苯妥英钠血药浓度监测及用药分析

本文对38例服用苯妥英钠的难治性癫痫患者进行血药浓度监测和用药分析.结果38例中,中毒人数为21例,用药不足人数7例.提示难治性癫痫患者与苯妥英钠的用药水平有关,临床应用苯妥英钠应个体化,每位患者的治疗剂量不能只凭经验用药,必须进行血药浓度监测.

我院2001～2006年抗癫痫药血药浓度监测的数据分析

目的:阐明治疗药物监测(TDM)对抗癫痫药(AEDs)合理用药的意义,关注临床科室对TDM的认识程度.方法:建立AEDs的Access数据库,结合性别与年龄分析我院2001～2006年AEDs的TDM结果.结果:我院AEDs的监测例数逐年上升;各种AEDs在有效浓度范围内的监测例次比例不高,且因年龄与性别存在一定差异.结论:TDM虽然应用日益广泛,但患者个体用药信息缺乏限制了AEDs个体化用药的发展.需医师、药师共同努力,促进AEDs的合理使用.

癫痫患者苯妥英的治疗监测

特殊癫痫患者ＤＰＨ的给药方案主要依据临床效应，无须强调靶范围。群体药动学参数是优化个体给药的前提，稳态Ｂａｙｅｓｉａｎ法能较准确的预测给药速率，非稳态Ｂａｙｅｓｉａｎ法能估算Ｖｍａｘ、Ｋｍ、Ｖｄ、Ｆ，并预测中毒患者停药后何时恢复用药及用药剂量。游离浓度较总浓度更好地指导临床治疗，超滤法结合ＦＰＩＡ适用于常规监测ＤＰＨ游离浓度。唾液可取代血液样品用于游离药物监测。

环孢素和苯妥因治疗药物监测内部质控的连续性评价

目的:及时发现测定误差成因,确保血药浓度监测质量。方法:分析环孢素和苯妥因内部质量控制原始数据的分布和变化趋势,根据统计学原理判断测定误差的性质和来源。结果:被调查项目测定结果大于或小于靶值的数据分布明显失衡,具有极显著性或显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:某些实验室测定准确性较差,除与随机误差有关外,还与系统误差有关。