基于Reason模型的SIF-Q260型电子小肠镜故障原因分析

根据武汉大学中南医院内窥镜中心SIF-Q260型小肠镜故障率高且维修成本高的情况,应用Reason模型,从环境影响、不安全监督、不安全行为前兆及不安全行为4个层面分析造成SIF-Q260小肠镜故障的原因,针对各个层面故障原因,从定期培训以规范内窥镜的洗消及使用、设置专人管理内窥镜并定期对内窥镜使用洗消的规范性进行监督及评价、完善内窥镜监管系统3方面拟定改进措施,堵住系统“漏洞”,为内窥镜质量控制措施的制定提供依据,可预防和减少内窥镜故障的发生。

The Global Value ofMencius＇s Ideas on Moral Feeling and Reason： Reinterpreting the Feeling of Compassion From the Perspective of the Philosophy of Emotion

Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius＇s from five perspectives： （1） In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression ＂siduan＂ or the expression ＂sixin （Four Heart-minds）＂？ （2） In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources？ （3） In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity？ （4） In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature？ （5） What is the global value of Mencius＇s ideas on human moral feeling？ The author concludes that Mencius＇s thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang （grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end） and yongzhong （emloying the middle）. The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, ＂the Way begins from moral feelings,＂ and Confucius and Yah Hui＇s seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.

Deterioration Reason and Improvement Measure of the Retarding Effect of Protein Retarder on Phosphorus Building Gypsum

The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum(PBG)and desulfurization building gypsum(DBG)was investigated,and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the setting time and displays a better retarding effect,but for PBG shows a poor retarding effect.Furthermore,the deterioration reason of the retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG was investigated by measuring the pH value and the retarder concentration of the liquid phase from vacuum filtration of PBG slurry at different hydration time,and the measure to improve the retarding effect of protein retarding on PBG was suggested.The pH value of PBG slurry(<5.0)is lower than that of DBG slurry(7.8-8.5).After hydration for 5 min,the concentration of retarder in liquid phase of DBG slurry gradually decreases,but in liquid phase of PBG slurry continually increases,which results in the worse retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG.The liquid phase pH value of PBG slurry can be adjusted higher by sodium silicate,which is beneficial to improvement in the retarding effect of the retarder.By adding 1.0%of sodium silicate,the initial setting time of PBG was efficiently prolonged from 17 to 210 min,but little effect on the absolute dry flexural strength was observed.

Political Reasoning and the Typology of Arguments in the Context of Political Philosophy

The main purpose of this article is to present the initial phase of the project in the field of argumentation theory and political philosophy. Project concerns studies of different types of rationality in the context of the argumentation. Background consideration is the problem of incommensurability and incompatibility types of rationality in political and ideological disputes. The first step is the establishment of a category of argumentative potential as a criterion for the typology of argument, which will build a map of argumentation, which will provide a starting point for a discussion. Apart from demonstrating the disproportion of discourses, the conclusion of the argument is to prove the local character of rationality.

The Philosophy of He(和):Examined from the Perspectives of Technology and Culture

Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.

Knowledge Reasoning Method Based on Deep Transfer Reinforcement Learning:DTRLpath

In recent years,with the continuous development of deep learning and knowledge graph reasoning methods,more and more researchers have shown great interest in improving knowledge graph reasoning methods by inferring missing facts through reasoning.By searching paths on the knowledge graph and making fact and link predictions based on these paths,deep learning-based Reinforcement Learning(RL)agents can demonstrate good performance and interpretability.Therefore,deep reinforcement learning-based knowledge reasoning methods have rapidly emerged in recent years and have become a hot research topic.However,even in a small and fixed knowledge graph reasoning action space,there are still a large number of invalid actions.It often leads to the interruption of RL agents’wandering due to the selection of invalid actions,resulting in a significant decrease in the success rate of path mining.In order to improve the success rate of RL agents in the early stages of path search,this article proposes a knowledge reasoning method based on Deep Transfer Reinforcement Learning path(DTRLpath).Before supervised pre-training and retraining,a pre-task of searching for effective actions in a single step is added.The RL agent is first trained in the pre-task to improve its ability to search for effective actions.Then,the trained agent is transferred to the target reasoning task for path search training,which improves its success rate in searching for target task paths.Finally,based on the comparative experimental results on the FB15K-237 and NELL-995 datasets,it can be concluded that the proposed method significantly improves the success rate of path search and outperforms similar methods in most reasoning tasks.

GATiT:An Intelligent Diagnosis Model Based on Graph Attention Network Incorporating Text Representation in Knowledge Reasoning

The growing prevalence of knowledge reasoning using knowledge graphs(KGs)has substantially improved the accuracy and efficiency of intelligent medical diagnosis.However,current models primarily integrate electronic medical records(EMRs)and KGs into the knowledge reasoning process,ignoring the differing significance of various types of knowledge in EMRs and the diverse data types present in the text.To better integrate EMR text information,we propose a novel intelligent diagnostic model named the Graph ATtention network incorporating Text representation in knowledge reasoning(GATiT),which comprises text representation,subgraph construction,knowledge reasoning,and diagnostic classification.In the text representation process,GATiT uses a pre-trained model to obtain text representations of the EMRs and additionally enhances embeddings by including chief complaint information and numerical information in the input.In the subgraph construction process,GATiT constructs text subgraphs and disease subgraphs from the KG,utilizing EMR text and the disease to be diagnosed.To differentiate the varying importance of nodes within the subgraphs features such as node categories,relevance scores,and other relevant factors are introduced into the text subgraph.Themessage-passing strategy and attention weight calculation of the graph attention network are adjusted to learn these features in the knowledge reasoning process.Finally,in the diagnostic classification process,the interactive attention-based fusion method integrates the results of knowledge reasoning with text representations to produce the final diagnosis results.Experimental results on multi-label and single-label EMR datasets demonstrate the model’s superiority over several state-of-theart methods.

Challenges Experienced by Nurse Educators in Promoting Acquisition of Clinical Reasoning Skills by the Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is difficult because of its complexity. This study, therefore aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by nurse educators in promoting acquisition of clinical reasoning skills by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used in this study. The participants were purposively sampled and recruited into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data The principles of beneficence, respect of human dignity and justice were observed. Results: The findings have shown that clinical learning environment, lacked material and human resources. The students had no interest to learn the skill. There was also knowledge gap between nurse educators and clinical nurses. Lack of role model was also an issue and limited time exposure. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurse educators encounter various challenges in promoting the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate nursing students. Training institutions and hospitals should periodically revise the curriculum and provide sufficient resources to facilitate effective teaching and learning of clinical reasoning. Nurse educators must also update their knowledge and skills through continuous professional development if they are to transfer the skill effectively.

Assessing the Levels of Clinical Reasoning Skills Using Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching methods have not been effective to improve the students clinical reasoning skills. Therefore, the training institutions should revise their curriculum by incorporating new teaching methods like simulation to enhance students’ clinical reasoning skills. In conclusion, evaluating clinical reasoning skills is crucial for addressing healthcare issues, validating teaching methods, and fostering continuous improvement in nursing education.

The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Cognitive Performance: Spatial Reasoning, Visual & Numerical Memory

The menstrual cycle has been a topic of interest in relation to behavior and cognition for many years, with historical beliefs associating it with cognitive impairment. However, recent research has challenged these beliefs and suggested potential positive effects of the menstrual cycle on cognitive performance. Despite these emerging findings, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the impact of the menstrual cycle on cognition, particularly in domains such as spatial reasoning, visual memory, and numerical memory. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and cognitive performance in these specific domains. Previous studies have reported mixed findings, with some suggesting no significant association and others indicating potential differences across the menstrual cycle. To contribute to this body of knowledge, we explored the research question of whether the menstrual cycles have a significant effect on cognition, particularly in the domains of spatial reasoning, visual and numerical memory in a regionally diverse sample of menstruating females. A total of 30 menstruating females from mixed geographical backgrounds participated in the study, and a repeated measures design was used to assess their cognitive performance in two phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular and luteal. The results of the study revealed that while spatial reasoning was not significantly related to the menstrual cycle (p = 0.256), both visual and numerical memory had significant positive associations (p < 0.001) with the luteal phase. However, since the effect sizes were very small, the importance of this relationship might be commonly overestimated. Future studies could thus entail designs with larger sample sizes, including neuro-biological measures of menstrual stages, and consequently inform competent interventions and support systems.

IndRT-GCNets: Knowledge Reasoning with Independent Recurrent Temporal Graph Convolutional Representations

Due to the structural dependencies among concurrent events in the knowledge graph and the substantial amount of sequential correlation information carried by temporally adjacent events,we propose an Independent Recurrent Temporal Graph Convolution Networks(IndRT-GCNets)framework to efficiently and accurately capture event attribute information.The framework models the knowledge graph sequences to learn the evolutionary represen-tations of entities and relations within each period.Firstly,by utilizing the temporal graph convolution module in the evolutionary representation unit,the framework captures the structural dependency relationships within the knowledge graph in each period.Meanwhile,to achieve better event representation and establish effective correlations,an independent recurrent neural network is employed to implement auto-regressive modeling.Furthermore,static attributes of entities in the entity-relation events are constrained andmerged using a static graph constraint to obtain optimal entity representations.Finally,the evolution of entity and relation representations is utilized to predict events in the next subsequent step.On multiple real-world datasets such as Freebase13(FB13),Freebase 15k(FB15K),WordNet11(WN11),WordNet18(WN18),FB15K-237,WN18RR,YAGO3-10,and Nell-995,the results of multiple evaluation indicators show that our proposed IndRT-GCNets framework outperforms most existing models on knowledge reasoning tasks,which validates the effectiveness and robustness.

Chinese Culture,Classical Philosophy,and the Cultivation of Life

This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing from classical Chinese texts and contemporary philosophical insights,the study examines how cultural virtues and educational practices can lead to societal harmony,national rejuvenation,and global contributions.The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian principles and their potential to address modern challenges,advocating for a renewed focus on cultural education to achieve a prosperous and peaceful world.Additionally,it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional values with modern educational practices to create a holistic approach that fosters ethical leadership and global cooperation.

“Systematic Rival”From the Perspective of Philosophy of Property System

At present,the world is undergoing accelerating changes unseen in a century.With the United States regarding China as a strategic competitor,China-EU relations have become the core of national and global governance.For this reason,we use the basic theory and tools of Philosophy of Property System to clarify the EU’s characterization of China and accordingly propose the method of judgment and the principle of response.From this,we can get three basic cognitions of“systematic rivalry”,namely mutual exclusion of common cognition(Model A),mutual exclusion and cooperation of personality cognition(Model B),and cooperation of historical cognition(Model C).In order to steadily grasp the nature of“systematic rival”and make it operable,three basic cognitive models(AB,AC,BC,ABC,etc.)are combined,and a comprehensive judgment(ABC+model)is made to adapt to the supranational sovereignty characteristics of the EU.It is believed that the nature of“systematic rivalry”in the“trinity”refers to the main aspects of competition between China and Europe.Therefore,there are three principles for the Philosophy of Property System of“systematic rival”:first,maintain the situation of competition and cooperation;second,there is no fixed mode of competition and cooperation;and third,temporary confrontation and complementarity will lead to new competition and cooperation.

Analysis of Reform Strategies for Marxist Philosophy Teaching in Higher Education Institutions

Marxist philosophy is an important indicator of human thought in the process of modern social development,and it is also the theoretical and spiritual support of socialism with Chinese characteristics.With the development and progress of the times,Marxist philosophical theory has gradually integrated the ideas and thinking of the new era,becoming a good medicine to guide the spiritual development of college students.So,as an important political philosophy course offered by higher education institutions,how to effectively achieve the reform and development of Marxist philosophy teaching courses has become a key entry point for higher education institutions to achieve high-quality talent cultivation and implement the goal of moral education and talent development.This article mainly analyzes the curriculum connotation and characteristics of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,and explores the teaching reform path of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,hoping to provide reference opinions for promoting the improvement of talent education level in higher education institutions.

基于改进Reason模型的航空事故人为维修差错解析与预防

当今航空工业发展迅猛,航空器制造管理技术日趋成熟,重大航空事故发生率逐年下降,但维修差错相关事故占比却不降反升。本文首先利用数组数据,证明了因维修差错造成的事故在航空事故中的占比在逐渐提高。其次利用Reason模型提出了一种归纳方法,利用历史航空事故数据进行分析,通过讨论各类维修差错致因在航空事故Reason模型中的占比,给出减少维修差错的建议。

Exploration of the Methods and Insights in the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the Introduction)is one of Marx’s most representative works from this time.Lenin noted that this text,along with Marx’s On the Jewish Question,marks Marx’s transition from idealism and revolutionary democracy to materialism.In this renowned text,Marx offers a rational critique of the absolute authority of religion,articulates a vision for human emancipation,and envisages the possibility of free and comprehensive human development.During this intellectual shift,Marx absorbed the essence of German classical philosophy and,from a positivist perspective,began employing critical thinking and materialist expression.This enabled him to embark on a path of critique addressing both the religious and real social worlds.In the new era,systematically studying Marxist classic works allows for the exploration of their contemporary relevance.By aligning these classics with specific directions outlined in reports such as those from the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session,the vitality of these works can be reinvigorated for the modern age.

Analysis of the Impact of Inductive Reasoning on the Mathematical Thinking Style of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students

In this paper,we combine the teaching and learning situation of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the Linear Algebra course of the Computer Science and Technology major at the Nanjing Normal University of Special Education.Based on the cognitive style of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,we apply example induction,exhaustive induction,and mathematical induction to the teaching of Linear Algebra by utilizing specific course content.The aim is to design comprehensive teaching that caters to the cognitive style characteristics of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,strengthen their mathematical thinking styles such as quantitative thinking,algorithmic thinking,symbolic thinking,visual thinking,logical thinking,and creative thinking,and enhance the effectiveness of classroom teaching and learning outcomes in Linear Algebra for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.

Rediscovering Determinant Expansion on Row or Column Theorem Through Plausible Reasoning

Plausible reasoning is an important approach to reasoning conclusions.In order to cultivate students’habits and abilities to use plausible reasoning,we should give the students a chance to imitate and practice plausible reasoning in our teaching.For our linear algebra course,most of the definitions and theorems in popular linear algebra textbooks are given directly.Thus,we give a concrete process that rediscovers determinant expansion on row or column theorem through plausible reasoning during our teaching to give the students the chance to learn the reasoning.

Artistic Renewal and Heritage Conservation-Deleuze’s Philosophy in Reimagining Yongning Ancient Walled City

The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers opportunities for creative renewal through artistic and cultural frameworks. This paper explores a novel approach to reimagining Yongning by integrating Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy-emphasizing multiplicity, rhizomatic connections, and the fold-with environmental art and cultural narratives. By drawing on Deleuze’s concepts of “nomadic space” and “fold” within the context of heritage conservation, this study provides actionable strategies for blending modern artistic practices with traditional cultural identity. Through field research, theoretical exploration, and design application, this paper demonstrates how Yongning can transform into a living museum of art, culture, and history. The findings aim to expand the dialogue on aesthetics, spatial theory, and heritage renewal.

生态危机的哲学根源与生态文明的政治哲学维度构建

生态危机的哲学根源来自西方二元主义所导致的对立与异化。二元主义由本体论扩展到认识论,再到政治哲学,在政治关系的两个维度上展现对立:权利绝对优先于权力,导致作为权利主体的人类与作为权力工具的自然万物的对立;权力支配度的不同,导致生态资源在人群中分配极度不均。资本主义政治哲学试图在两个层面维护二元对立,结果加剧生态危机:一方面,主流政治哲学竭力维护异化的合理性;另一方面,改变社会偏好,异化转移,将生产的异化转变为需求的异化。很多人认识到生态危机的这一根源,力求调节和缓和人与自然的二元对立,办法就是弱化人在人与自然关系中的主导地位。近年来,沿这一路径从政治哲学角度探讨生态危机的理论主要有三类,即生态保守主义、生态激进主义和生态国家主义,这些理论并未根本解决二元对立哲学的弊端。只有生态马克思主义既通过对资本主义生产方式的批判而克服了人与自然的对立,又通过对“类解放”目标的坚守而确保了人与自然关系中人类主体地位,将权利与义务统一。生态马克思主义真正提出生态文明得以建立的根本途径:生产领域,停止过度生产;需求领域,遏制无度消费;分配领域,调节生态资源的代内与代际分配;伦理领域,由群体本位走向类本位;制度领域,坚持以社会主义制度为基础建立生态保护和治理机制。