At present,the world is undergoing accelerating changes unseen in a century.With the United States regarding China as a strategic competitor,China-EU relations have become the core of national and global governance.Fo...At present,the world is undergoing accelerating changes unseen in a century.With the United States regarding China as a strategic competitor,China-EU relations have become the core of national and global governance.For this reason,we use the basic theory and tools of Philosophy of Property System to clarify the EU’s characterization of China and accordingly propose the method of judgment and the principle of response.From this,we can get three basic cognitions of“systematic rivalry”,namely mutual exclusion of common cognition(Model A),mutual exclusion and cooperation of personality cognition(Model B),and cooperation of historical cognition(Model C).In order to steadily grasp the nature of“systematic rival”and make it operable,three basic cognitive models(AB,AC,BC,ABC,etc.)are combined,and a comprehensive judgment(ABC+model)is made to adapt to the supranational sovereignty characteristics of the EU.It is believed that the nature of“systematic rivalry”in the“trinity”refers to the main aspects of competition between China and Europe.Therefore,there are three principles for the Philosophy of Property System of“systematic rival”:first,maintain the situation of competition and cooperation;second,there is no fixed mode of competition and cooperation;and third,temporary confrontation and complementarity will lead to new competition and cooperation.展开更多
A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansystems view is introduced here, including the 7 philosophy theories (7PT) and related mathematizing researches. Many second/third philosophies are developed within...A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansystems view is introduced here, including the 7 philosophy theories (7PT) and related mathematizing researches. Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansystems framework and related applications to APT MS.展开更多
A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansytems view is introduced here,including the 7 philosophic theories(7PT)and related mathematic researches.Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansvs...A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansytems view is introduced here,including the 7 philosophic theories(7PT)and related mathematic researches.Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansvstems framework and related applications to APTMS.展开更多
System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point ...System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point of a lattice cell, and carries holographic information about valence electron structure, physical and thermodynamic properties obtained by alloy gene theory. Alloy gene potential energy curve function has developed traditional atom pair interaction potential functions into many atoms’ interaction function associated with valence electron structure, bond length, bond energy, which makes alloy gene Gibbs energy function can be established. Alloy gene Gibbs energy transmissive function has developed traditional partition function. Its equilibrium and sub-equilibrium transmissive modes produce alloy holographic network positioning bank, which is operable platform to achieve transformation from “trial and error” method to the “whole obtained from a few part” law for getting advanced alloys. It has become possible to launch alloy gene sequence project.展开更多
Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view...Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.展开更多
This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing fro...This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing from classical Chinese texts and contemporary philosophical insights,the study examines how cultural virtues and educational practices can lead to societal harmony,national rejuvenation,and global contributions.The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian principles and their potential to address modern challenges,advocating for a renewed focus on cultural education to achieve a prosperous and peaceful world.Additionally,it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional values with modern educational practices to create a holistic approach that fosters ethical leadership and global cooperation.展开更多
The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers op...The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers opportunities for creative renewal through artistic and cultural frameworks. This paper explores a novel approach to reimagining Yongning by integrating Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy-emphasizing multiplicity, rhizomatic connections, and the fold-with environmental art and cultural narratives. By drawing on Deleuze’s concepts of “nomadic space” and “fold” within the context of heritage conservation, this study provides actionable strategies for blending modern artistic practices with traditional cultural identity. Through field research, theoretical exploration, and design application, this paper demonstrates how Yongning can transform into a living museum of art, culture, and history. The findings aim to expand the dialogue on aesthetics, spatial theory, and heritage renewal.展开更多
Marxist philosophy is an important indicator of human thought in the process of modern social development,and it is also the theoretical and spiritual support of socialism with Chinese characteristics.With the develop...Marxist philosophy is an important indicator of human thought in the process of modern social development,and it is also the theoretical and spiritual support of socialism with Chinese characteristics.With the development and progress of the times,Marxist philosophical theory has gradually integrated the ideas and thinking of the new era,becoming a good medicine to guide the spiritual development of college students.So,as an important political philosophy course offered by higher education institutions,how to effectively achieve the reform and development of Marxist philosophy teaching courses has become a key entry point for higher education institutions to achieve high-quality talent cultivation and implement the goal of moral education and talent development.This article mainly analyzes the curriculum connotation and characteristics of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,and explores the teaching reform path of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,hoping to provide reference opinions for promoting the improvement of talent education level in higher education institutions.展开更多
Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the I...Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the Introduction)is one of Marx’s most representative works from this time.Lenin noted that this text,along with Marx’s On the Jewish Question,marks Marx’s transition from idealism and revolutionary democracy to materialism.In this renowned text,Marx offers a rational critique of the absolute authority of religion,articulates a vision for human emancipation,and envisages the possibility of free and comprehensive human development.During this intellectual shift,Marx absorbed the essence of German classical philosophy and,from a positivist perspective,began employing critical thinking and materialist expression.This enabled him to embark on a path of critique addressing both the religious and real social worlds.In the new era,systematically studying Marxist classic works allows for the exploration of their contemporary relevance.By aligning these classics with specific directions outlined in reports such as those from the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session,the vitality of these works can be reinvigorated for the modern age.展开更多
Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature. This essay discussed how he formed a trope Philosophy of life born his life experience and how can he reflect this kind of philosophy of life in his mas...Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature. This essay discussed how he formed a trope Philosophy of life born his life experience and how can he reflect this kind of philosophy of life in his masterpiece,《The Great Gatsby》.展开更多
Along with development of China's popular education, the embodiment of humanistic education is the natural and inevitable requirement of higher education after its transition from elite to popular education to ensure...Along with development of China's popular education, the embodiment of humanistic education is the natural and inevitable requirement of higher education after its transition from elite to popular education to ensure a good quality and a higher level. English teaching is indispensable due to the uniqueness of Chinese language and culture, and our open policy. College English teaching has become an extremely important platform, different from most other countries, to train talents. And to train talents is not only to train for the English language speakers or to be just certain technicians. This article will, from aspects of teaching philosophy, theory and mode, give a preliminary probe into the reasons why humanistic education should show itself up in all segments of college English teaching and how to show up. And it is expected to use the little to get the big.展开更多
Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of co...Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings' experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.展开更多
Education philosophy,which plays a major role in teacher beliefs,is crucial for teacher educators. Ever since the end of last century, there has been a trend in North America to promote, or restore active learning in ...Education philosophy,which plays a major role in teacher beliefs,is crucial for teacher educators. Ever since the end of last century, there has been a trend in North America to promote, or restore active learning in college/university classrooms. This paper, based on some explorations of the social constructivism, the six assumptions in Andragogy, the ARCS model, the active learning theory and some practical activities, proposes an integrated education philosophy about adult learning. It is assumed this will be able to provide some insight and guidance for college practitioners.展开更多
John Dewey was a pragmatic philosopher,psychologist,and educator commonly regarded as the founder of the pro gressive education movement.His philosophy of pragmatic education not only exerts great influence on Western...John Dewey was a pragmatic philosopher,psychologist,and educator commonly regarded as the founder of the pro gressive education movement.His philosophy of pragmatic education not only exerts great influence on Western education,but also on China's education.This paper attempts to make a detailed analysis of Dewey's philosophy of education and its value.展开更多
In this thesis, the author introduces his life and the social background at those days, from which come Jane de la Fontaine’s masterpiece——Fables and his philosophy of life and his influences on both his time and m...In this thesis, the author introduces his life and the social background at those days, from which come Jane de la Fontaine’s masterpiece——Fables and his philosophy of life and his influences on both his time and modern time.展开更多
Starting from the pressure on habitat of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve broughtabout by traveling activity, this paper puts forward such philosophy of community co-management ofconservation-based tourism development for Ji...Starting from the pressure on habitat of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve broughtabout by traveling activity, this paper puts forward such philosophy of community co-management ofconservation-based tourism development for Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. According to this philosophy,emphasis is laid on the analysis of the mission of habitat protection, functional division, habitatmaintenance, community construction, scientific study and management organization system. The studyshows that the close relation and significance of rights and interests shared between nature reserveand residents in community, as well as the value of community co-management philosophy ofconservation-based tourism development in sustainable management of nature reserve, have set anexemplary example for other nature reserves.展开更多
In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some ty...In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects (with related scope and contents) for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject "X" and "philosophy of X" in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of "philosophy of X" in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.展开更多
Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius's ideas on the siduan (Four Original Sources) of morality, may shed...Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius's ideas on the siduan (Four Original Sources) of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius's from five perspectives: (1) In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression "siduan" or the expression "sixin (Four Heart-minds)"? (2) In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources? (3) In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity? (4) In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature? (5) What is the global value of Mencius's ideas on human moral feeling? The author concludes that Mencius's thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang (grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end) and yongzhong (emloying the middle). The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, "the Way begins from moral feelings," and Confucius and Yah Hui's seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.展开更多
基金General Project Supported by the National Social Science Fund of China:“Research on the Philosophy of Property System of Modernization of China’s National Governance System and Governance Capacity”(Project Number:20BZX025).
文摘At present,the world is undergoing accelerating changes unseen in a century.With the United States regarding China as a strategic competitor,China-EU relations have become the core of national and global governance.For this reason,we use the basic theory and tools of Philosophy of Property System to clarify the EU’s characterization of China and accordingly propose the method of judgment and the principle of response.From this,we can get three basic cognitions of“systematic rivalry”,namely mutual exclusion of common cognition(Model A),mutual exclusion and cooperation of personality cognition(Model B),and cooperation of historical cognition(Model C).In order to steadily grasp the nature of“systematic rival”and make it operable,three basic cognitive models(AB,AC,BC,ABC,etc.)are combined,and a comprehensive judgment(ABC+model)is made to adapt to the supranational sovereignty characteristics of the EU.It is believed that the nature of“systematic rivalry”in the“trinity”refers to the main aspects of competition between China and Europe.Therefore,there are three principles for the Philosophy of Property System of“systematic rival”:first,maintain the situation of competition and cooperation;second,there is no fixed mode of competition and cooperation;and third,temporary confrontation and complementarity will lead to new competition and cooperation.
文摘A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansystems view is introduced here, including the 7 philosophy theories (7PT) and related mathematizing researches. Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansystems framework and related applications to APT MS.
文摘A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansytems view is introduced here,including the 7 philosophic theories(7PT)and related mathematic researches.Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansvstems framework and related applications to APTMS.
文摘System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point of a lattice cell, and carries holographic information about valence electron structure, physical and thermodynamic properties obtained by alloy gene theory. Alloy gene potential energy curve function has developed traditional atom pair interaction potential functions into many atoms’ interaction function associated with valence electron structure, bond length, bond energy, which makes alloy gene Gibbs energy function can be established. Alloy gene Gibbs energy transmissive function has developed traditional partition function. Its equilibrium and sub-equilibrium transmissive modes produce alloy holographic network positioning bank, which is operable platform to achieve transformation from “trial and error” method to the “whole obtained from a few part” law for getting advanced alloys. It has become possible to launch alloy gene sequence project.
基金the support of the Center for Cultural Studies on Science and Technology in China at Technische Universitat Berlin。
文摘Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.
基金Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,2023 University-Level Teaching Reform Project“Cross-cultural Research and Practice of International Talent Training Model”(JGX2023015)2023 Jiangsu Province Social Science Applied Research Excellent Project“A Study on the Integration Path of Language Teaching and Educational Technology in E-Era College English”(23SWC-28).
文摘This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing from classical Chinese texts and contemporary philosophical insights,the study examines how cultural virtues and educational practices can lead to societal harmony,national rejuvenation,and global contributions.The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian principles and their potential to address modern challenges,advocating for a renewed focus on cultural education to achieve a prosperous and peaceful world.Additionally,it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional values with modern educational practices to create a holistic approach that fosters ethical leadership and global cooperation.
文摘The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers opportunities for creative renewal through artistic and cultural frameworks. This paper explores a novel approach to reimagining Yongning by integrating Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy-emphasizing multiplicity, rhizomatic connections, and the fold-with environmental art and cultural narratives. By drawing on Deleuze’s concepts of “nomadic space” and “fold” within the context of heritage conservation, this study provides actionable strategies for blending modern artistic practices with traditional cultural identity. Through field research, theoretical exploration, and design application, this paper demonstrates how Yongning can transform into a living museum of art, culture, and history. The findings aim to expand the dialogue on aesthetics, spatial theory, and heritage renewal.
基金Research on ideological and Political Theory course in Philosophy and Social Science Planning of Henan Province in 2022 Special project:The spirit of Chinese Communists is integrated into the teaching and research of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities Project approval number:2022ZSZ080。
文摘Marxist philosophy is an important indicator of human thought in the process of modern social development,and it is also the theoretical and spiritual support of socialism with Chinese characteristics.With the development and progress of the times,Marxist philosophical theory has gradually integrated the ideas and thinking of the new era,becoming a good medicine to guide the spiritual development of college students.So,as an important political philosophy course offered by higher education institutions,how to effectively achieve the reform and development of Marxist philosophy teaching courses has become a key entry point for higher education institutions to achieve high-quality talent cultivation and implement the goal of moral education and talent development.This article mainly analyzes the curriculum connotation and characteristics of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,and explores the teaching reform path of Marxist philosophy in higher education institutions,hoping to provide reference opinions for promoting the improvement of talent education level in higher education institutions.
文摘Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the Introduction)is one of Marx’s most representative works from this time.Lenin noted that this text,along with Marx’s On the Jewish Question,marks Marx’s transition from idealism and revolutionary democracy to materialism.In this renowned text,Marx offers a rational critique of the absolute authority of religion,articulates a vision for human emancipation,and envisages the possibility of free and comprehensive human development.During this intellectual shift,Marx absorbed the essence of German classical philosophy and,from a positivist perspective,began employing critical thinking and materialist expression.This enabled him to embark on a path of critique addressing both the religious and real social worlds.In the new era,systematically studying Marxist classic works allows for the exploration of their contemporary relevance.By aligning these classics with specific directions outlined in reports such as those from the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session,the vitality of these works can be reinvigorated for the modern age.
文摘Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature. This essay discussed how he formed a trope Philosophy of life born his life experience and how can he reflect this kind of philosophy of life in his masterpiece,《The Great Gatsby》.
文摘Along with development of China's popular education, the embodiment of humanistic education is the natural and inevitable requirement of higher education after its transition from elite to popular education to ensure a good quality and a higher level. English teaching is indispensable due to the uniqueness of Chinese language and culture, and our open policy. College English teaching has become an extremely important platform, different from most other countries, to train talents. And to train talents is not only to train for the English language speakers or to be just certain technicians. This article will, from aspects of teaching philosophy, theory and mode, give a preliminary probe into the reasons why humanistic education should show itself up in all segments of college English teaching and how to show up. And it is expected to use the little to get the big.
文摘Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings' experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.
文摘Education philosophy,which plays a major role in teacher beliefs,is crucial for teacher educators. Ever since the end of last century, there has been a trend in North America to promote, or restore active learning in college/university classrooms. This paper, based on some explorations of the social constructivism, the six assumptions in Andragogy, the ARCS model, the active learning theory and some practical activities, proposes an integrated education philosophy about adult learning. It is assumed this will be able to provide some insight and guidance for college practitioners.
文摘John Dewey was a pragmatic philosopher,psychologist,and educator commonly regarded as the founder of the pro gressive education movement.His philosophy of pragmatic education not only exerts great influence on Western education,but also on China's education.This paper attempts to make a detailed analysis of Dewey's philosophy of education and its value.
文摘In this thesis, the author introduces his life and the social background at those days, from which come Jane de la Fontaine’s masterpiece——Fables and his philosophy of life and his influences on both his time and modern time.
文摘Starting from the pressure on habitat of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve broughtabout by traveling activity, this paper puts forward such philosophy of community co-management ofconservation-based tourism development for Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. According to this philosophy,emphasis is laid on the analysis of the mission of habitat protection, functional division, habitatmaintenance, community construction, scientific study and management organization system. The studyshows that the close relation and significance of rights and interests shared between nature reserveand residents in community, as well as the value of community co-management philosophy ofconservation-based tourism development in sustainable management of nature reserve, have set anexemplary example for other nature reserves.
文摘In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects (with related scope and contents) for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject "X" and "philosophy of X" in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of "philosophy of X" in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.
文摘Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius's ideas on the siduan (Four Original Sources) of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius's from five perspectives: (1) In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression "siduan" or the expression "sixin (Four Heart-minds)"? (2) In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources? (3) In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity? (4) In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature? (5) What is the global value of Mencius's ideas on human moral feeling? The author concludes that Mencius's thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang (grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end) and yongzhong (emloying the middle). The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, "the Way begins from moral feelings," and Confucius and Yah Hui's seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.