Osteopontin promotes gastric cancer progression via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors.Osteopontin(OPN)is thought to be closely related to the occurrence,metastasis and prognosis of many types of tumors.AIM To investigate the effects of OPN on the proliferation,invasion and migration of GC cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of OPN in the GC cells were analyzed by realtime quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting,and observe the effect of varying degree expression OPN on the proliferation and other behaviors of GC.Next,the effects of OPN knockdown on GC cells migration and invasion were examined.The short hairpin RNA(shRNA)and negative control shRNA targeting OPN-shRNA were transfected into the cells according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Non transfected cells were classified as control in the identical transfecting process.24 h after RNA transfection cell proliferation activity was detected by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide assay,and cell invasiveness and migration were detected by Trans well assay.Meanwhile,the expression of protein kinase B(AKT),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the human GC cell lines was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS The results of this study revealed that OPN mRNA and protein expression levels were highly expressed in SGC-7901 cells.OPN knockdown by specific shRNA noticeably reduced the capabilities of proliferation,invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells.Moreover,in the experiments of investigating the underlying mechanism,results showed that OPN knockdown could down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF,it also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT.Meanwhile,the protein expression levels of MMP-2,VEGF and phosphorylated AKT was noticeable lower than that in control group in the GC cells after they were added to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitor(LY294002).CONCLUSION These results suggested that OPN though PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathway to upregulate MMP-2 and VEGF expression,which contribute SGC-7901 cells to proliferation,invasion and migration.Thus,our results demonstrate that OPN may serve as a novel prognostic biomarkers as well as a potential therapeutic targets for GC.

Protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B signaling pathway inhibition

BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many complications.AIM To explore the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin(PNS) against dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway inhibition in rats.METHODS Colitis rat models were generated via DSS induction, and rats were divided into control(no modeling), DSS, DSS + PNS 50 mg/k, and DSS + PNS 100 mg/kg groups. Then, the intestinal injury, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory indices, tight junction proteins, apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and TLR4/AKT signaling pathway in colon tissues from rats in each of the groups were detected. The PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in the colon tissue of rats was blocked using the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor, LY294002.RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the DSS group showed significantly shortened colon lengths, and significantly increased disease activity indices, oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory indices, as well as significantly decreased expression of tight junction-associated proteins. In addition, the DSS group showed significantly increased apoptotic cell numbers,and showed significantly increased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues.They also showed significantly decreased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(all P < 0.05). Compared with rats in the DSS group, rats in the DSS + PNS group showed significantly lengthened colon lengths, decreased disease activity indices, and significantly alleviated oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory responses. In addition, this group showed significantly increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins, significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers, and significantly decreased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues. This group further showed significantly increased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, and significantly suppressed activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as well as a dose dependency(all P < 0.05). When the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of colon tissue cells in the DSS + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of the DSS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION PNS can protect rats against DSS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and therefore may be potentially used in the future as a drug for colitis.

Influence of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway on the Neuropathic Pain Complicated by Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV Infection

Background： Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors （NRTIs） are the earliest and most commonly used anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs and play an important role in high active antiretroviral therapy. However, NRTI drug therapy can cause peripheral neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms ofrapamycin on the pain sensitization of model mice by in vivo experiments to explore the effect of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in the pathogenesis ofneuropathic pain caused by NRTIs. Methods： Male Kun Ming （KM） mice weighing 20-2 g were divided into control, 2 mg/kg rapamycin, 12 mg/kg stavudine, and CMC-Na groups. Drugs were orally administered to mice for 42 consecutive days. The von Frey filament detection and thermal pain tests were conducted on day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after drug administration. After the last behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry and western blotting assay were used for the measurement of mTOR and other biomarkers. Multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results： The beneficial effects ofrapamycin on neuropathic pain were attributed to a reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin sensitive complex 1 （mTORC1）-positive cells （70.80± 2.41 vs. 112.30 ± 5.66, F = 34.36, P 〈 0.01 ） and mTORC1 activity in the mouse spinal cord. Mechanistic studies revealed that Protein Kinase B （Akt）/mTOR signaling pathway blockade with rapamycin prevented the phosphorylation of mTORC1 in stavudine-intoxicated mice （0.72 ± 0.04 vs. 0.86 ± 0.03, F=4.24, P = 0.045）, as well as decreased the expression of phospho-pTOS6K （0.47 ± 0.01 vs. 0.68 ± 0.03, F=6.01, P = 0.022） and phospho-4EBP1 （0.90 ± 0.04 vs. 0.94 ± 0.06, F= 0.28, P = 0.646）. Conclusions： Taken together, these results suggest that stavudine elevates the expression and activity of mTORC1 in the spinal cord through activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The data also provide evidence that rapamycin might be useful for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.

Regulatory Effects of Zuogui Pill on Apoptosis of Follicles in Rats Injured by 60Co-γRays Based on PI3K/Akt/m TOR Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]To explore the protective effects of Zuogui Pill on ^(60)Co-γ-ray-induced premature aging of rats based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway.[Methods]Sixty sexually mature female SD rats were irradiated with ^(60)Co-γ-ray(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h at one time.These rats were randomly divided into model group,Progynova group[0.18(g·kg)/d],Progynova[0.09(g·kg)/d]+Zuogui Pill high dose[23.625(g·kg)/d)]group,Zuogui Pill high dose[23.625(g·kg)/d)]group,Zuogui Pill medium dose[9.45(g·kg)/d)]group and Zuogui Pill low dose[4.725(g·kg)/d]group.The administration(once a day)lasted 21 d.The rat serum[follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E_(2))]were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The morphological changes of ovary were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The apoptosis rate of granulosa cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL).The protein expression of phosphorylated(p)-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)in ovarian tissues were detected by Western blot.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significant increase in the serum FSH(P<0.01),significant decrease in serum E_(2)(P<0.05),and decrease in the number of early follicles and luteum in the ovary(P<0.01).Besides,the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells increased significantly(P<0.01);the expression of p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue decreased significantly,while the expression of Bax increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of early follicles in the ovary increased and the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells decreased after intervention in each administration group.In addition,the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR and Bcl-2 increased,while the expression of Bax decreased,especially in Progynova+Zuogui Pill high dose group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill may protect the radiation-injured ovary through activating the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein in ovarian tissue,increasing the amount of Bcl-2 protein and inhibiting the expression of Bax protein.

Geniposide, the component of the Chinese herbal formula Tongluojiunao, protects amyloid-β peptide(1–42)-mediated death of hippocampal neurons via the non-classical estrogen signaling pathway

Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 （10 μmol/L） signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN （2 μL/mL）, speciifcally by the component geniposide （26 μmol/L）, but not ginsenoside Rg1 （2.5 μmol/L）. hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 （1 μmol/L）, did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 （50 μmol/L） or U0126 （10 μmol/L）, respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway （i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase） is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate autophagy in RAW264.7 macrophages via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway under oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration conditions

Background: Autophagy of alveolar macrophages is a crucial process in ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential for repairing injured sites and regulating autophagy. This study was to investigate the influence of BM-MSCs on autophagy of macrophages in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) microenvironment and to explore the potential mechanism.Methods: We established a co-culture system of macrophages (RAW264.7) with BM-MSCs under OGD/R conditionsin vitro. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with recombinant adenovirus (Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B) and autophagic status of RAW264.7 cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and p62 in RAW264.7 cells were detected by Western blotting. We used microarray expression analysis to identify the differently expressed genes between OGD/R treated macrophages and macrophages co-culture with BM-MSCs. We investigated the gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is downstream of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.Results: The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells was increased (1.27 ± 0.20vs. 0.44 ± 0.08,t = 6.67,P < 0.05), while the expression of p62 was decreased (0.77 ± 0.04vs. 0.95 ± 0.10,t = 2.90,P < 0.05), and PI3K (0.40 ± 0.06vs. 0.63 ± 0.10,t = 3.42,P < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratio was also decreased (0.39 ± 0.02vs. 0.58 ± 0.03,t = 9.13,P < 0.05). BM-MSCs reduced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells (0.68 ± 0.14vs. 1.27 ± 0.20,t = 4.12,P < 0.05), up-regulated p62 expression (1.10 ± 0.20vs. 0.77 ± 0.04,t = 2.80,P < 0.05), and up-regulated PI3K (0.54 ± 0.05vs. 0.40 ± 0.06,t = 3.11,P < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratios (0.52 ± 0.05vs. 0.39 ± 0.02,t = 9.13,P < 0.05). A whole-genome microarray assay screened the differentially expressed geneHO-1, which is downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the alteration ofHO-1 mRNA and protein expression was consistent with the data on PI3K/Akt pathway.Conclusions: Our results suggest the existence of the PI3K/Akt/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells under OGD/R circumstancesin vitro, revealing the mechanism underlying BM-MSC-mediated regulation of autophagy and enriching the understanding of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ALI.

补阳还五汤通过调控PI3K/Akt、JAK2/STAT3信号促进BMSC趋化迁移对外伤性脊髓损伤大鼠神经元活性及认知功能的影响

目的研究补阳还五汤通过调控磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)、内源性酪氨酸激酶(JAK)2/信号传导和转录启动因子(STAT)3信号促进骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)趋化迁移对外伤性脊髓损伤大鼠的神经元活性及认知功能的影响。方法选取健康大鼠53只,随机分为健康组(健康大鼠常规饲养)、损伤组(建立脊髓损伤模型)、干预组(补阳还五汤治疗)、对照组(甲泼尼龙治疗),每组12只,剩余5只大鼠用于补阳还五汤含药血清制备。流式细胞术鉴定BMSCs细胞。Transwell小室法测大鼠BMSCs迁移。高架十字迷宫和Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测脊髓组织病理形态。TUNEL测脊髓组织神经细胞凋亡。免疫组化检测p-JAK2、p-STAT3。Western印迹测PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt。结果传代后的培养细胞呈旋窝状或放射状贴壁生长,细胞多呈星形、梭形或三角状,培养3代后,细胞贴壁加快、形态均一,呈旋窝状或单层放射状生长。培养细胞表面抗原CD29、CD90为阳性,CD31、CD45为阴性,提示其为BMSCs细胞。与健康组相比,损伤组总路程、进入开臂次数、穿越平台次数显著降低,不同时间的潜伏期显著升高(P<0.05)。与损伤组相比,干预组与对照组总路程、进入开臂次数、穿越平台次数显著升高,不同时间的潜伏期显著降低(P<0.05)。干预组与对照组各指标对比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。健康组脊髓组织结构完整。损伤组脊髓组织疏松水肿,有细胞空泡变性产生。相较于损伤组,干预组与对照组大鼠脊髓组织病理形态有所改善。与健康组相比,损伤组BMSCs、PI3K、Akt、p-PI3K、p-Akt显著降低,神经细胞凋亡率、p-JAK2、p-STAT3显著升高(P<0.05)。与损伤组相比,干预组BMSCs、PI3K、Akt、p-PI3K、p-Akt显著升高,神经细胞凋亡率、p-JAK2、p-STAT3显著降低(P<0.05)。干预组与对照组各指标水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论补阳还五汤通过激活PI3K/Akt通路抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活,促进BMSCs的迁移,减轻神经细胞的凋亡,起到神经保护的作用,从而改善脊髓损伤大鼠的认知功能。

Scorpiones,Scolopendra and Gekko Inhibit Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Ameliorating Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1αSignaling Pathway

Objective:To investigate whether Buthus martensii karsch(Scorpiones),Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch(Scolopendra)and Gekko gecko Linnaeus(Gekko)could ameliorate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit lung cancer growth and metastasis by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α)signaling pathway.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with luciferase labeled LL/2-luc-M38 cell suspension to develop lung cancer models,with rapamycin and cyclophosphamide as positive controls.Carboxy methyl cellulose solutions of Scorpiones,Scolopendra and Gekko were administered intragastrically as 0.33,0.33,and 0.83 g/kg,respectively once daily for 21 days.Fluorescent expression were detected every 7 days after inoculation,and tumor growth curves were plotted.Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD31 and HIF-1αexpressions in tumor tissue and microvessel density(MVD)was analyzed.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1αsignaling pathway-related proteins.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in mice.Results:Scorpiones,Scolopendra and Gekko prolonged the survival time and inhibited lung cancer metastasis and expression of HIF-1α(all P<0.01).Moreover,Scorpiones,Scolopendra and Gekko inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6 kinase(p70S6K)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,they also decreased the expression of CD31,MVD,bFGF,TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Scorpiones,Scolopendra and Gekko all showed beneficial effects on lung cancer by ameliorating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1αsignaling pathway.

基于PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2信号通路探讨加味柴胡当归汤抑制肝星状细胞纤维化的机制

目的探究加味柴胡当归汤对肝星状细胞纤维化的抑制作用及其通过调控磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/B细胞淋巴瘤(Bcl)-2信号通路抗肝纤维化的机制。方法培养永生化的大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC-T6),设置正常对照组(不作干预)、模型组[血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)-BB干预],中药组(PDGF-BB+含药血清干预),激动剂+中药组(PDGF-BB+HY-101625+含药血清干预),抑制剂+中药组(PDGF-BB+LY294002+含药血清干预),采取不同干预方式进行实验。使用CCK-8试剂盒和细胞凋亡试剂盒检测细胞增殖活性和凋亡水平;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原(COL-Ⅰ)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、MMP组织抑制剂(TIMP)-1表达水平;进行Western印迹实验分析细胞中Bcl-2、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3、Caspase-9、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)表达;利用qRT-聚合酶链反应(PCR)法测定细胞中PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT mRNA表达。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组细胞增殖活性、α-SMA、COL-Ⅰ、TIMP-1、Bcl-2表达及PI3K、AKT、mTOR磷酸化水平显著升高,凋亡率、MMP-2、MMP-9、Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,中药组、激动剂+中药组、抑制剂+中药组细胞增殖活性、Bcl-2、α-SMA、COL-Ⅰ、TIMP-1表达及PI3K、AKT、mTOR磷酸化水平明显降低,凋亡率、MMP-2、MMP-9、Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论加味柴胡当归汤可通过调控PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2信号通路,抑制肝星状细胞活化,逆转肝纤维化进程。

Impaired PI3K/Akt signal pathway and hepatocellular injury in high-fat fed rats

AIM:To determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from high-fat diet is related to impairment of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt,also known as PKB) pathway. METHODS:Rat models of nonalcoholic fatty liver were established by high-fat diet feeding. The expression of total and phosphorylated P13K and Akt proteins in hepatocytes was determined by Western blotting. Degree of fat accumulation in liver was measured by hepatic triglyceride. Mitochondrial number and size were determined using quantitative morphometric analysis under transmission electron microscope. The permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane was assessed by determining the potential gradient across this membrane.RESULTS:After Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet for 16 wk,their hepatocytes displayed an accumulation of fat (103.1 ± 12.6 vs 421.5 ± 19.7,P < 0.01),deformed mitochondria (9.0% ± 4.3% vs 83.0% ± 10.9%,P < 0.05),and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (389.385% ± 18.612% vs 249.121% ± 13.526%,P < 0.05). In addition,the expression of the phosphorylated P13K and Akt proteins in hepatocytes was reduced,as was the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2,while expression of the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 was increased. When animals were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of P13K or Akt,instead of high-fat diet,a similar pattern of hepatocellular fat accumulation,mitochondrial impairment,and change in the levels of PI3K,Akt,Bcl-2 was observed. CONCLUSION:High-fat diet appears to inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may lead to hepa-tocellular injury through activation of the mitochondrial membrane pathway of apoptosis.

Banxia xiexin decoction prevents the development of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND In China banxia xiexin decoction(BXD)has been used in treating gastric cancer(GC)for thousands of years and BXD has a good role in reversing GC histopathology,but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechanism of action of BXD against GC based on transcriptomics,network pharmacology,in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS The transplanted tumor model was prepared,and the nude mouse were pathologically examined after administration,and hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed.The active ingredients of BXD were quality controlled and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS),and traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology platform,drug bank and the Swiss target prediction platform to predict the relevant targets,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of GC were screened by RNA-seq sequencing,and the overlapping targets were analyzed to obtain the key targets and pathways.Cell Counting Kit-8,apoptosis assay,cell migration and Realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used for in vitro experiments.RESULTS All dosing groups inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors in laboratory-bred strain nude,with the capecitabine group and the BXD medium-dose group being the best.A total of 29 compounds and 859 potential targets in BXD were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS and network pharmacology,RNA-seq sequencing found 4767 GC DEGs,which were combined with network pharmacology and analyzed 246 potential therapeutic targets were obtained and pathway results showed that BXD may against GC through the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKt)signaling pathway.In vitro cellular experiments confirmed that BXDcontaining serum and LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells,promote apoptosis,and inhibit the migration of GC cells by decreasing the expression of EGFR,PIK3CA,IL6,BCL2 and AKT1 in the PI3K-Akt pathway in MGC-803 expression.CONCLUSION BXD has the effect of inhibiting tumor growth rate and delaying the development of GC.Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

微RNA-126介导磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基2及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶／蛋白激酶B信号与肿瘤关系的新进展

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基2(PIK3R2)是磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)的家庭成员之一,通过PI3K/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路参与血管的形成、维护以及改造的调控,是组织器官正常发育、损伤以及肿瘤发生的一个重要的基因调控靶目标。不同类型的肿瘤,微RNA(miRNA)126介导的PIK3R2调控水平及趋势存在差异,可能与肿瘤的发生存在联系,是肿瘤研究中有前景的调控靶目标之一。

在肿瘤细胞模型中联合应用磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白酶B通路抑制剂BEZ235和细胞外调解蛋白激酶/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路抑制剂U0126的效果

目的探讨通过联合应用磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白酶B(AKT)通路抑制剂BEZ235和细胞外调解蛋白激酶(ERK)通路抑制剂U0126抑制膜受体酪氨酸激酶/PI3K/AKT/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路与ERK/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路对细胞增殖的影响。方法以磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物缺失(PTEN-/-)的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)系作为研究对象,联合应用PI3K、mTOR双重抑制剂BEZ235及ERK激酶抑制剂U0126,通过MTT和Western blot方法检测药物对细胞增殖的影响。结果 BEZ235及U0126对PTEN-/-MEF细胞均有抑制作用,二者半数抑制浓度分别为6.257 nmol/L及22.85μmol/L。但联合应用BEZ235与U0126,二者表现为拮抗的作用方式。结论在PTEN缺失的细胞系中或PTEN突变的肿瘤的联合靶向治疗中,不推荐应用BEZ235与U0126联合使用。

抵抗素通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大机制研究

目的探讨抵抗素激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大的分子机制。方法取生长状态良好的H9c2心肌细胞,使用含1 g·L^(-1)胎牛血清的高糖达尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基(DMEM)处理24 h使其细胞同步化后进行不同干预。随机将H9c2心肌细胞分为Con组、R50组、LY294002+R50组和LY294002组,Con组为空白对照;R50组细胞应用50μg·L^(-1)抵抗素处理48 h组;LY294002+R50组细胞预先应用PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002干预2 h后再用50μg·L^(-1)抵抗素处理46 h;LY294002组细胞应用PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002处理2 h组。4组心肌细胞加含药物DMEM培养48 h后进行细胞面积、单细胞蛋白质合成量测定,Western blot检测心肌细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、原癌基因c-myc蛋白及PI3K/Akt非磷酸化及磷酸化水平表达。观察抵抗素(50μg·L^(-1))处理细胞不同时间(0、1、2、3 h)后运用Western blot测定磷酸化(p-Akt)的蛋白表达水平,检测抵抗素处理1 h后4组心肌细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化表达水平。结果抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞0、1、2、3 h组p-Akt蛋白表达水平分别为0.60±0.26、0.71±0.67、0.52±0.32、0.51±0.32;与0 h组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞1 h组p-Akt蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.01);与1 h组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞2、3 h组pAkt蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞2 h与处理3 h后H9c2心肌细胞中p-Akt蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞48 h后,与Con组比较,R50组、LY294002+R50组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而LY294002组其心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与R50组比较,LY294002+R50组、LY294002组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与LY294002+R50组比较,LY294002组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。Con组、R50组、LY294002+R50组、LY294002组c-myc蛋白表达水平分别为0.45±0.30、0.68±0.32、0.56±0.33、0.16±0.20,4组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=178.91,P<0.05);与Con组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞48 h后,R50组c-myc蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05);而LY294002+R50组c-myc蛋白表达水平较Con组、LY294002组升高但低于R50组(P<0.05)。经抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞3 h后,R50组PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化水平较Con组、LY294002+R50组、LY294002组显著升高(P<0.05),其余各组PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化水平表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论抵抗素通过激活PI3K/Akt通路,提高Akt磷酸化水平来诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大。

健脾清热活血方干预PI3K-Akt/mTOR信号通路调控CDK1表达防治溃疡性结肠炎相关癌变

目的:观察健脾清热活血方对溃疡性结肠炎相关癌变小鼠组织形态、超微结构、PI3K-Akt/mTOR信号通路中相关指标及CDK1的表达变化,探讨其防治溃结相关癌变的可能机制。方法:140只SPF级Balb/c小鼠按体质量随机分为正常组、模型组、阻断剂组、治疗组及对照组,每组20只;除外正常组,其余各组采用DMH/DSS复合法制备溃结癌变模型,模型组予等剂量生理盐水,阻断剂组予PI3K阻断剂LY294002干预,治疗组予不同剂量健脾清热活血方药,对照组予美沙拉嗪,连续干预16周。应用光镜及电镜观察溃结癌变小鼠结肠组织形态学及超微结构变化;Western-blot及Real-time PCR检测结肠黏膜P110、P85、P-AKT、mTOR、CDK1蛋白及其mRNA表达变化。结果:模型组见黏膜上皮脱落,溃疡形成,腺体萎缩,部分有浸润癌表现,治疗组所见黏膜损伤程度较模型组有不同程度改善,其中以中、高剂量组结肠黏膜损伤改善情况显著,部分可见黏膜充血并肿胀,不典型增生及淋巴滤泡出现(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组P110、P85、CDK1蛋白表达量上升(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组P85、CDK1蛋白表达下降(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,治疗组P85、P-Akt基因表达下调(P<0.05)。各组间P110、mTOR基因表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾清热活血方可能通过下调P85、P-Akt,介导CDK1表达,诱导炎症缓解,修复肠道黏膜,发挥防治UCAC的效用。

Treating non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the PI3K signaling pathway

The phosphosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signal transduction pathways affecting cell functions,such as apoptosis,translation,metabolism,and angiogenesis.Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world.It can be divided into two groups,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and small cell lung cancer(SCLC).NSCLC accounts for>85%of all lung cancers.There are currently many clinical treatment options for NSCLC;however,traditional methods such as surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy have not been able to provide patients with good survival benefits.The emergence of molecular target therapy has improved the survival and prognosis of patients with NSCLC.In recent years,there have been an increasing number of studies on NSCLC and PI3K signaling pathways.Inhibitors of various parts of the PI3K pathway have appeared in various phases of clinical trials with NSCLC as an indication.This article focuses on the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and summarizes the current clinical research progress and possible development strategies.

PI3K/AKT/FoxO信号通路在胰岛素类似生长因子1调节神经细胞PRNP基因表达中的作用

目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/叉头状转录因子O亚家族蛋白(Fox O)信号通路在胰岛素类似生长因子1(IGF-1)调节神经细胞PC12细胞株PRNP基因表达中发挥的作用。方法将对数生长期的PC12细胞分为IGF-1组、实验1组和实验2组和对照组。IGF-1组加入终浓度80 ng/m L的IGF-1;实验1、2组先加入25、50μmol/L的PI3K/AKT/Fox O信号通路抑制剂LY294002,37℃培养30 min后再滴入80 ng/m L的IGF-1。对照组不加药物。继续培养24 h。采用实时荧光定量PCR法测算各组PC12细胞PRNP mRNA相对表达量,采用Western blotting法测算各组PC12细胞AKT、磷酸化AKT(p AKT)、Fox O3a和磷酸化Fox O3a(p Fox O3a)蛋白相对表达量。结果 IGF-1组PC12细胞PRNP mRNA及p AKT、p Fox O3a蛋白相对表达量高于对照组(P均<0.05)。实验1、2组PC12细胞PRNP mRNA及p AKT、p Fox O3a蛋白相对表达量低于IGF-1组(P均<0.05),且实验2组低于实验1组(P均<0.05)。结论 IGF-1通过磷酸化PI3K/AKT/Fox O信号通路蛋白AKT、Fox O3a调节PC12细胞PRNP基因表达。

MEG3-miR-455-PI3K/Akt信号通路对大脑中动脉闭塞小鼠模型缺氧损伤神经干细胞的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA母系表达基因3(LncRNA MEG3)靶向微小RNA-455(miR-455)调控磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路对小鼠脑梗死缺氧神经干细胞(NSCs)损伤模型细胞增殖、凋亡、分化及氧化应激水平的影响。方法构建大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)小鼠模型,取18只SPF大鼠随机分为假手术组、MCAO组,每组9只。原代分离与培养NSCs,建立NSCs缺氧损伤模型。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测母系表达基因3(MEG3)、miR-455的表达水平;甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;使用试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。用双荧光素酶报告实验验证MEG3与miR-455的靶向关系。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关蛋白(Bax)、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、Ⅲ型β微管蛋白(β-tubulin-Ⅲ)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇激酶(p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)、PI3K、Akt蛋白表达量。结果与假手术组比较,MCAO组MEG3表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),miR-455表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组MEG3、p21、Bax表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),miR-455、CyclinD1、Bcl-2、GFAP、β-tubulin-Ⅲ表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活性明显降低(P<0.05),48 h、72 h细胞增殖活力明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率及MDA活性明显升高(P<0.05);抑制MEG3表达后,细胞活力明显升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05),CyclinD1、Bcl-2、GFAP、β-tubulin-Ⅲ表达及SOD、GSH-Px活性明显升高(P<0.05),p21、Bax表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05);双荧光素酶报告实验证实MEG3与miR-455存在靶向关系。结论LncRNA MEG3靶向miR-455及抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路激活进而抑制缺氧诱导的NSCs增殖、分化,诱导细胞凋亡及促进氧化应激。

二甲双胍调节PI3K/AKT通路对高糖诱导牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡的影响研究

目的:探讨二甲双胍对高糖诱导的牙周膜成纤维细胞(PDLF)凋亡及对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)通路的影响。方法:体外培养人PDLF细胞,设置NG组(5 mmol/L D-葡萄糖)、HG组(30 mmol/L D-葡萄糖)、NG+Met组(5 mmol/L D-葡萄糖+2 mmol/L二甲双胍)、HG+Met组(30 mmol/L D-葡萄糖+2 mmol/L二甲双胍)和HG+Met+Mil组(30 mmol/L D-葡萄糖+2 mmol/L二甲双胍+50 nmol/L Miltefosine),培养48 h。采用CCK-8法检测PDLF细胞增殖情况;采用流式细胞仪检测PDLF细胞凋亡情况和细胞周期分布情况;采用Western blot法检测PDLF细胞中p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT、AKT蛋白表达情况。结果:与NG组相比,HG组、HG+Met组、HG+Met+Mil组PDLF细胞A值、S、G2/M期细胞比例、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),凋亡率、G0/G1期PDLF细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05);与HG组相比,NG+Met组、HG+Met组、HG+Met+Mil组PDLF细胞A值、S、G2/M期细胞比例、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),凋亡率、G0/G1期PDLF细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05);与NG+Met组相比,HG+Met组、HG+Met+Mil组PDLF细胞A值、S、G2/M期细胞比例、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),凋亡率、G0/G1期PDLF细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05);与HG+Met组相比,HG+Met+Mil组PDLF细胞A值、S、G2/M期细胞比例、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),凋亡率、G0/G1期PDLF细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:二甲双胍可抵抗高糖诱导的PDLF凋亡,可能是通过激活PI3K/AKT通路实现的。

榆栀止血颗粒含药血清对异位子宫内膜间质细胞PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响

目的:探讨榆栀止血颗粒含药血清对异位子宫内膜间质细胞(ESCs)中第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶张力蛋白(PTEN)/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路的影响。方法:制备榆栀止血颗粒含药血清,体外培养人异位ESCs细胞,分为对照组(空白血清)、低剂量组(榆栀止血颗粒低剂量血清)、中剂量组(榆栀止血颗粒中剂量血清)和高剂量组(榆栀止血颗粒高剂量血清)。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况;Transwell法检测细胞侵袭情况;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测细胞中PTEN mRNA表达情况;蛋白印迹(WB)法检测细胞中PTEN、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT、AKT蛋白表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组异位ESCs细胞OD值、侵袭细胞数、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),细胞中PTEN mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);随着榆栀止血颗粒含药血清剂量升高,异位ESCs细胞OD值、侵袭细胞数、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平逐步递减(P<0.05),细胞中PTEN mRNA及蛋白表达水平逐步递增(P<0.05)。结论:榆栀止血颗粒含药血清可抑制异位ESCs细胞增殖与侵袭,上调PTEN表达并抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路。