Objective:To study characteristics of phospholipases C(PLCs),their importance for producing microorganisms us well us the potential of their use for industrial purposes.Methods:PLC from Bacillus cereus(B.cereus) D101 ...Objective:To study characteristics of phospholipases C(PLCs),their importance for producing microorganisms us well us the potential of their use for industrial purposes.Methods:PLC from Bacillus cereus(B.cereus) D101 was selected as an example of Gram-positive PLCs and PLC from Pseudomanas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) D183 of Gram-negative ones.Enzymes were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by membrane dialysis.Partially purified preparations were used to study effect of different factors on activities as well as in substrate specificity tests which were conducted using a turbidimetric assay method.Results:Maximum activity was at pH 7 and 8 and 40 ℃ for P.aeruginosa PLC,and pH 8-10 and 37 ℃ for B.cereus PLC.Both PLCs were inhibited by Pi at 5 mM or higher,whereas,PLC from B.cereus only was inhibited by EDTA.Activity of P.aeruginosa PLC was not affected by removing Zn^(2+) ions from reaction mixture or their replacement with Ca^(2+),Ba^(2+),Mg^(2+) or Mn^(2+)ions.Vis-a-vis,activity of B.cereus PLC was found to be metal ion dependent PLCs from both isolates were relatively thermostable and showed maximum affinity toward phosphatidylcholine.Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine were not good substrates and phosphatidylinositol,phosphatidylserine,phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin could be considered nonsubstrates.Conclusions:Human body physiological conditions could favor activity of P.aeruginosa and B.cereus PLCs.These enzymes may participate in phosphate scavenging and virulence of producing isolates but not in autolysis.PLCs from both isolates are potential candidates for industrial use.展开更多
Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free...Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free fatty acid that has a high affinity to the rat GPR40, and examined its effect on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat β-cells by Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. Downregulation of GPR40/FFA1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides was performed in pancreatic β-cells, and insulin secretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results LA acutely stimulated insulin secretion from primary cultured rat pancreatic islets. LA induced significant increase of [Ca2+]i in the presence of 5.6 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L glucose, which was reflected by increased Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. LA-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were blocked by inhibition of GPR40/FFA1 expression in β-cells after GPR40/FFA1-specific antisense treatment. In addition, the inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity by U73122, PLC inhibitor, also markedly inhibited the LA-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Conclusion LA activates GPR40/FFA1 and PLC to stimulate Ca2+ release, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in rat islet β-cells.展开更多
文摘Objective:To study characteristics of phospholipases C(PLCs),their importance for producing microorganisms us well us the potential of their use for industrial purposes.Methods:PLC from Bacillus cereus(B.cereus) D101 was selected as an example of Gram-positive PLCs and PLC from Pseudomanas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) D183 of Gram-negative ones.Enzymes were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by membrane dialysis.Partially purified preparations were used to study effect of different factors on activities as well as in substrate specificity tests which were conducted using a turbidimetric assay method.Results:Maximum activity was at pH 7 and 8 and 40 ℃ for P.aeruginosa PLC,and pH 8-10 and 37 ℃ for B.cereus PLC.Both PLCs were inhibited by Pi at 5 mM or higher,whereas,PLC from B.cereus only was inhibited by EDTA.Activity of P.aeruginosa PLC was not affected by removing Zn^(2+) ions from reaction mixture or their replacement with Ca^(2+),Ba^(2+),Mg^(2+) or Mn^(2+)ions.Vis-a-vis,activity of B.cereus PLC was found to be metal ion dependent PLCs from both isolates were relatively thermostable and showed maximum affinity toward phosphatidylcholine.Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine were not good substrates and phosphatidylinositol,phosphatidylserine,phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin could be considered nonsubstrates.Conclusions:Human body physiological conditions could favor activity of P.aeruginosa and B.cereus PLCs.These enzymes may participate in phosphate scavenging and virulence of producing isolates but not in autolysis.PLCs from both isolates are potential candidates for industrial use.
基金Supported by Grant from Department of Education of Liaoning Province (2008810)
文摘Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free fatty acid that has a high affinity to the rat GPR40, and examined its effect on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat β-cells by Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. Downregulation of GPR40/FFA1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides was performed in pancreatic β-cells, and insulin secretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results LA acutely stimulated insulin secretion from primary cultured rat pancreatic islets. LA induced significant increase of [Ca2+]i in the presence of 5.6 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L glucose, which was reflected by increased Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. LA-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were blocked by inhibition of GPR40/FFA1 expression in β-cells after GPR40/FFA1-specific antisense treatment. In addition, the inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity by U73122, PLC inhibitor, also markedly inhibited the LA-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Conclusion LA activates GPR40/FFA1 and PLC to stimulate Ca2+ release, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in rat islet β-cells.
