Analysis of combining ability for stem-related traits and its correlations with lodging resistance heterosis in hybrid wheat

With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well as other stem-related traits were used to perform the principal component analysis(PCA), combining ability and heterosis analysis. The PCA results showed that the variables could be classified into two main factors, which were named as the positive factor(factor 1) and the negative factor(factor 2), and accounted for 52.3 and 33.2%, respectively, of the total variance in different variables, combined with the analysis for index weight indicated that the factor 1-related traits play positive roles in lodging resistance formation of hybrids. Combining ability variance analysis indicated that its genetic performance was mainly dominated by additive gene effects, and the hybrid combinations with higher lodging resistance can be selected by using of 14 GF6085(R1), 14 GF6343-2(R4), 14 GF6937(R6), 14 GF7433-1(R7), and BS1086(M3),which are with the features with lower general combining ability(GCA) effects of factor 2-related traits whereas higher GCA effects of factor 1-related traits. The heterosis analysis showed that the wide range of heterosis varied with the traits and combinations, and GCA or specific combining ability(SCA) effects of factor 1-related traits except wall thickness of basal second internode(WTBSI) were positively and closely related to the heterosis of lodging resistance. Generally, the correlation coefficients of heterosis to GCA effects of sterile lines(GCAm) of factor 1-related traits are significantly higher than that to GCA of restorer lines(GCAr) and SCA, combined with the higher GCAm variance values of factor 1-related traits compared to GCAr, the GCAm of factor 1-related traits should be particularly considered when breeding hybrid combinations.The heritability analysis showed that the narrow-sense heritability of the diameter of basal second internode(DBSI) and the center of gravity height(TCGH) were obviously lower(<60%) than other traits, suggesting that these two traits were suitable for selection in higher generation for parental breeding. These could provide a theoretical basis for parental breeding and heterosis utilization of lodging resistance.

Improvement of corrosion resistance in NaOH solution and glass forming ability of as-cast Mg-based bulk metallic glasses by microalloying

The influences of the addition of Ag on the glass forming ability (GFA) and corrosion behavior were investigated in the Mg-Ni-based alloy system by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical polarization in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution.Results shows that the GFA of the Mg-Ni-based BMGs can be improved dramatically by the addition of an appropriate amount of Ag;and the addition element Ag can improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-Ni-based bulk metallic glass.The large difference in atomic size and large negative mixing enthalpy in alloy system can contribute to the high GFA.The addition element Ag improves the forming speed and the stability of the passive film,which is helpful to decrease the passivation current density and to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-Ni-based bulk metallic glass.

Glass-forming ability, microhardness, corrosion resistance, and dealloying treatment of Mg60.xCu40Ndx alloy ribbons

The influence of Nd addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), microhardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg60−xCu40Ndx(x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, at%) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Vickers-type hardness tests, and electrochemical methods. The results suggest that the GFA and microhardness of the amorphous alloys increase until the Nd content reaches 20at%. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density obtained from the Tafel curves indicate that the Mg35Cu40Nd25ternary alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the investigated alloys. Notably, nanoporous copper (NPC) was synthesized through a single-step dealloying of Mg60−xCu40Ndx(x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) ternary alloys in 0.04 mol·L−1H2SO4solution under free corrosion conditions. The influence of dealloying process parameters, such as dealloying time and temperature, on the microstructure of the ribbons was also studied using the surface diffusivity theory. The formation mechanism of dealloyed samples with a multilayered structure was also discussed. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

A Novel Ni‑Free Zr‑Based Bulk Metallic Glass with High Glass Forming Ability,Corrosion Resistance and Thermal Stability

Zr-based Bulk metallic glasses exhibit incredible corrosion resistance and glass forming ability,however,these properties need further enhancement to meet the practical use.In this study,Zr63Fe2.5Cu23Al11.5,a new type of Zr-based bulk metallic glass was fabricated.Potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to measure the corrosion resistance of this alloy.Furthermore,crystallization behavior and kinetics of Zr63Fe2.5Cu23Al11.5 bulk metallic glass were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry of non-isothermal model.Kissinger and Ozawa methods were used for calculating activation energies of crystallization and the mechanism of crystallization was analyzed by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorow methods.The results suggest that this specified metallic glass system possesses a relatively high thermal stability and glass forming ability.Moreover,the crystallization procedure is mainly dominated by nucleation with an increasing rate.The study demonstrates that the slight composition adjustment of Zr-Fe-Cu-Al system bulk metallic glass can make a considerable contribution to higher glass forming and thermal stability as well as corrosion resistance.

Influence of a Protective Coating Slurry on Enhancing the Descaling Ability and Oxidation Resistance of 9% Nickel Steel

A kind of ceramic slurry was prepared and sprayed onto the surface of 9Ni steel at room temperature. The coating layer will not only reduce the depth of the formed Ni-enriched entanglement at high temperature but also have an excellent ability to resist oxidation of the 9Ni steel. Compared to bare specimen, the depths of the entanglement of the coated 9Ni specimen could be successfully reduced by 74.1% and the oxidation loss be decreased by 62.3% by heating at 1 250 ℃ for 60 min. In addition, the coated specimen indicates no trace of oxide pegs. It proves that the coating has outstanding improvement to internal oxidation resistance. Some characterization methods such as metalloscopy, XRD, XPS, SEM and EDX have been used to reveal a possible protective mechanism. The result shows that the coating layer reacts with the iron oxide to form Mg Fe2O4 on the surface of the coated specimen, which could provide a smaller diffusion coefficient rate of Fe ion. The coating with a low cost and easy implementation is promisingly applicable in the slab-reheating process of the 9Ni steel.

Combining Ability and Heterosis Between High Strength Lines and Transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bollworm-Resistant Lines in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

To analyse the combining ability and heterosis between high-strength lines and transgenic Bt bollworm-resistant lines in upland cotton, 5 high-strength lines were crossed as female lines with 12 transgenic Bt bollworm-resistant lines according to NCII design. It was demonstrated that the compositions of variance in various traits were quite different. For seed cotton yield, lint yield, boll numbers per plant and boll weight, the dominant (special combining ability) effects were the major effects, accounting for 87.38, 84. 40, 80. 04 and 64. 46% of the total phenotypic variances, respectively, while for fibre strength and micronaire value, the additive (general combining ability) effects had the major effects, with a ratio of additive variance to phenotypic variance of 78.85 and 43.80%. As for lint percent and 2.5% span length, the dominant and additive variances had similar effects, in phenotypic variances (54.94 and 40.11% for lint percent, 45.76 and 42.49% for 2. 5% span length, respectively). The mid-parent heterosis (Hpm), surpassing parent heterosis (Hpb) and competitive heterosis (Hck) for seed cotton yield and lint yield were both extremely significant. For fibre properties, the Hck and Hpm of 2.5 % fibre span length were extremely significant, the Hck of fibre strength was significant, and the favorable negative Hck of micronaire was also extremely significant. The increments of hybrid over common variety were 17% for lint yield and fibre strength, 7% for fibre span length, and 4 % for fineness.

Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Tomato Gray Mold( Botrytis cinerea)

The study used four tomato varieties,03786( susceptible),05237( susceptible),C2985( resistant) and Wva536( resistant) with different resistance,to formulate combinations according to Griffing( I) complete diallel cross method. And Botrytis cinerea was inoculated to investigate the incidence of gray mold. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in disease resistance between different varieties and different combinations.(2) There were significant differences in general combining ability and special combining ability between the tested varieties,and Wva536 and C2985 had a higher general combining ability effect,and were both relatively good parents when formulating resistant combinations. Combinations Wva536 × 03786 and Wva536 × 05237 had the highest special combining ability,and thus have the value of further research and utilization.(3) The additive effect in resistance inheritance was located at the primary position,and partial dominance also existed as well as cytoplasmic effect.(4) The broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were,respectively,89. 73% and82. 15%,which were higher,indicating that the parents had a greater effect on offsprings. The resistance genes can be expressed in offsprings through gene accumulation,and should be selected in the early generation.

Nature of Gene Action and Maternal Effects for Pod Borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>Resistance and Grain Yield in Chickpea, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>

Information on mechanisms and inheritance of resistance is critical to plan an effective strategy to breed for resistance to insect pests. Therefore, we evaluated a diverse array of chickpea genotypes (eight desi and one kabuli) with varying levels of resistance to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera to gain an understanding of the nature of gene action and possible maternal effects. The test genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations for a full diallel. The 72 F1s (36 direct and 36 reciprocal crosses) along with the parents were evaluated for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions, and for antibiosis mechanism of resistance (larval survival and larval weight gain) by using detached leaf assay under laboratory conditions, and grain yield under un-protected conditions in the field. Additive gene action governed the inheritance of resistance to H. armigera, while non-additive type of gene action was predominant for inheritance of antibiosis component of resistance (larval survival and larval weight) and grain yield. Greater magnitude of σ2 A(17.39 and 1.42) than σ2 D (3.93 and 1.21) indicated the preponderance of σ2 Ain inheritance of resistance to pod borer, H. armigera under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. There were no maternal effects for inheritance of resistance to pod borer and grain yield. Lines with significant gca effects for pod borer damage and grain yield were identified for further use in the resistance breeding program. The implications of the inheritance pattern of pod borer resistance and grain yield are discussed in the context of strategies to enhance pod borer resistance and grain yield in chickpea.

血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标影响的Meta分析

目的:通过收集血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练的相关文献,依照系统评价和Meta分析的范式,分析血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标和专项能力的不同影响,旨在为运动者在训练实践中运用血流限制训练提供数据支持。方法:检索中外数据库(中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和SPORTDiscus),应用血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对对象为运动者中大学生运动者肢体围度、肌肉质量、肌肉力量和专项运动能力影响的随机对照试验,检索起止时间为2000-01-01/2023-10-12。至少2名研究者采用Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具和标准对纳入文献进行质量评价。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行异质性检验、数据合并、亚组分析、绘制森林图和敏感性分析,绘制漏斗图并进行发表偏倚评价和敏感性分析。评价指标为肢体围度、肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力等,对不同专项运动能力进行亚组分析。结果:①共纳入18项随机对照试验,共403例受试者,根据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具,纳入文献中文献质量为A级的有16篇,B级有2篇。②将血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练之间的效果进行对比,在肢体围度方面,两组间无显著性差异(SMD=0.03,95%CI:-0.16-0.21,P=0.78);在肌肉厚度方面(SMD=0.14,95%CI:0.01-0.27,P=0.03)及肌肉力量方面(SMD=0.37,95%CI:0.14-0.60,P=0.001)两组间有显著性差异。③对专项能力指标进行亚组分析结果显示,距离指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=73%),时间指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=55%),分析可能原因是各研究的测试方法及评估指标意义的不同导致;功率指标的分析结果显示无异质性(I2=0%);血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对距离指标具有显著影响(P<0.01)。④合并效应结果显示,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练比较抗阻训练对于专项能力的影响(P=0.41),提示不同训练方法对于专项能力不存在显著性影响。结论:①两种训练方法均能够促进大学生运动者的肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练相较于抗阻训练在促进运动员肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和部分专项能力方面具有显著性效果。因此,可以在专项训练之中科学合理地融合血流限制训练法,以差异性的生理刺激综合作用于肌肉,以取得更好的训练效果。②然而,由于纳入的研究数量较少,以及其他可能存在的局限性,今后需要纳入更多的高质量、多项目类型和性别的随机对照试验来证实。

Disease resistant and Growth promoting Effect of Nvhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid on Chicks and Its Enhancement Effect on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Vaccine

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the clinical effects of Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid on immunity enhancement,disease resistance and growth promotion of chicks. [Method] In the test,3-day-old Daninghe chicks were divided into normal control group,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid group and positive control group. Chicks were administrated with drugs for 7 d before immunization. After vaccination,chicks were observed for 4 weeks,to statistically count the incidence state of chicks. Effects of Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid on growth performance,serum immunoglobulin,cytokine and infectious bursal disease virus( IBDV)antibody were studied. [Result] Compared to normal control group,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid significantly improved the weight of chicks and reduced the feed gain ratio( P < 0. 05); significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality and increased the survival rate of chicks( P < 0. 05); continuously increased IgG,IgM and IL-2 content significantly in the serum of chicks( P < 0. 05); extremely improved IFN-γ content in the serum at 7 d post drug administration( P < 0. 01). After vaccination of IBDV vaccine for 1 and 2 weeks,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid significantly improved IBDV antibody titer and positive rate of chicks compared to normal control group( P < 0. 05); at 3 weeks post immunization,the antibody positive rate reached 100%. [Conclusion]Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid improved immunoglobulin and cytokine levels of chicks,enhanced the immunity and reduced the occurrence of diseases( the morbidity was reduced by 15% and the mortality was reduced by 30%),enhanced disease-resistant ability and promoted the growth of chicks. Meantime,it improved the immune effect of IBDV vaccine.

Zinc-substituted hemoglobin with specific drug binding sites and fatty acid resistance ability for enhanced photodynamic therapy

Precisely designed protein-based nanodrugs, as a kind of colloidal drug system, have attracted significant attention in tumor therapy because of their refined drug loading ratio, controlled delivery efficacy and natural biocompatibility. However, most drugs are conjugated to the protein carriers randomly without specific binding sites. Moreover, such sites could easily be replaced by lipophilic molecules in the physiological environment and result in low delivery efficiency. With strong and specific binding locations especially comparatively narrow spatial binding sites and nonflexible structure, hemin (FePPIX)-free hemoglobin or apohemoglobin (apoHb), as a natural metalloporphyrin protein carrier, represents great potential in bioapplication. Therefore, we herein introduce a folate acid (FA) modified, zinc-substituted hemoglobin (ZnPHb-FA) as a naturally occurring protein matrix-based photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Noncovalent inserted ZnPPIX molecules in apoHb possess an extremely stable property and significant recovered photoproperties with superior biocompatibility and phototoxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. This stability was verified by molecular docking analysis and calculation of binding constant, representing a total of five drug binding sites of apoHb for ZnPPIX molecules, four of which are energetically favorable (△G value of -11.9 kcal/mol), and one which is energetically acceptable (△G value of -9 kcal/mol). Folate acid modification has been shown to efficiently enhance the internalization and retention time of ZnPHb nanodrug. ZnPHb-FA is also an efficient depressor of hemin oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which could, in turn, lower the antioxidant ability of cancer cells by decreasing the production of biiirublin. Results in vitro and in vivo both indicated that the firmly combination of apoHb and ZnPPIX described here represents a novel and efficient protein nanodrug systems for cancer therapy.

Optimized Mechanical Properties,Corrosion Resistance and Bactericidal Ability of Ti-15Zr-xCu Biomedical Alloys During Aging Treatment

The effects of different aging conditions on the microstructure,strength,corrosion resistance,cytotoxicity and antibacterial ability of Ti-15Zr-xCu(3≤x≤7,wt%)(TZC)alloys were systematically investigated.Microstructural evolution and behavior were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),while potentiodynamic polarization technique was employed to characterize the corrosion response of the alloys after solution-treatment and aging(STA).High-temperature aging at 660℃ for 4 h(660-4)gave the best combination of properties by enabling significant precipitation of the Cu-rich Ti_(2)Cu and Zr_(2)Cu compounds,and mild formation of the Zr_(7)Cu_(10) secondary phase.The high kinetics at this condition was beneficial to the complete precipitation and more homogeneous distribution of the intermetallic particles.These led to the inhibition of dislocation movements and allowed for significantly improved mechanical strengths with added ductility,availability of more Cu ions for the desired oligodynamic activity without evoking cytotoxicity,better corrosion resistance and very high antibacterial ability(over 99.5%),thus improving the overall properties of the TZC alloys for biomedical applications.

耐热型西番莲品种“钦蜜9号”花器官发育特征与繁育系统研究

为明确耐热型黄果西番莲品种“钦蜜9号”花器官发育进程特性和繁育系统类型,测定其花器官表型性状、花粉活性、柱头可授性、异交指数和花粉胚珠比。结果表明,“钦蜜9号”花器官发育进程为现蕾期—花冠发育期—雌雄蕊发育期—裂蕾期—开花授粉期—谢花期,时间持续25~27 d,开花时间为下午13:00—15:00,单花开放时长约24 h,开花前3 d左右(花药即将开裂时)至裂蕾时柱头可授性最强;花粉数量为7.94×10^(5)个/花药,活性为90.11%,繁育系统类型为异交型,自交亲和,异交需要传粉者。这些特征为“钦蜜9号”35℃以上高温还能正常开花结果提供重要参考条件。

基于微电阻率成像测井的深煤层顶板封盖性评价方法及应用

深煤层游离气含量高,资源量丰富,是天然气增储上产的重要潜力资源。顶板封盖条件是影响深煤层含气性,特别是游离气含量的重要因素。基于微电阻率成像测井技术,系统开展鄂尔多斯盆地东缘某煤层气开发区顶板岩性识别,建立了煤层顶板岩性和裂缝识别图版,分析了地应力方向,提出了有利的顶板组合类型。研究结果表明:①综合常规测井资料和电成像测井特征,可以基于静态电成像图有效区分砾岩、砂岩和泥岩等10类岩性,对应不同的伽马和声波时差测井结果,研究区煤层顶板以泥岩为主,砂岩次之;②煤层顶板裂缝主要发育有高导缝与诱导缝,高导缝显示为正弦曲线,包括张开缝和泥质充填缝,诱导缝呈现为羽状或雁行状排列,可以用于判断应力方向;③结合顶板岩性厚度、裂缝发育情况等,可划分出封盖性不同的3类煤层顶板组合,其中I类顶板电成像图像一般呈亮色且裂缝发育少,II类顶板发育较多裂隙,III类顶板图像显示裂隙切割且图像不清晰;④基于此划分了3类顶板组合条件的分布,研究区以I和II类为主,具备良好封盖性。研究明确了不同岩性在电成像测井上的显示特征,提出了基于微电阻率成像测井的深煤层顶板封盖性评价方法,可有效支撑深部煤层气甜点区带优选和井位部署。

杂交粳稻茎秆力学性状与理化特征对抗倒伏能力的影响

倒伏严重影响着水稻的产量和品质,为探究田间自然栽培条件下杂交粳稻茎秆力学性状与理化特征对抗倒伏能力的影响,研究选取北方地区生产上主要推广的弯曲穗型杂交粳稻品种辽优2006(LY2006)、辽优5218(LY5218)、辽优5273(LY5273)为供试对象,易倒伏常规粳稻品种农林313(NL313(CK))为对照,测量其农艺性状和微观组织构成等理化指标,并通过弯曲试验及拉伸试验,测定其茎秆最大抗折力、断裂弯矩、抗弯截面系数、单茎自重质量矩、弯曲强度、杨氏弹性模量、惯性矩等力学指标,并研究测量的理化指标及力学指标与倒伏指数之间的相关关系。结果表明:供试对象的倒伏指数和对照之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),供试对象抗倒伏性显著高于对照。供试对象和对照在株高、基部节间长度、组织构成等理化指标及力学指标间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),供试对象的株高、单穗鲜质量均大于对照,因此,在相同的栽培条件下,并不是株高越矮、穗越轻,抗倒伏能力就越强。缩短基部节间长度、延长叶鞘长度、提高组织厚度及维管束面积、增加纤维素、木质素及钾元素含量等均能有效提升水稻植株的抗倒伏能力。研究还发现,水稻植株的抗倒伏能力与其茎秆最大抗折力、断裂弯矩、抗弯截面系数、弯曲强度、杨氏弹性模量之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),与单茎自重质量矩、惯性矩之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),选取其作为水稻植株抗倒伏能力的参考指标是可行的。研究结果可为北方杂交粳稻抗倒伏品种选育、改良及抗倒伏农艺性状调控提供综合的数据支持和理论支撑。

烛果油的组成特征及其对巧克力抗霜性影响的研究

烛果油富含1,3-硬脂酸-2-油酸甘油三酯(StOSt),是可可脂的理想改良剂。为探究烛果油在巧克力中的应用效果,以市售烛果油为研究对象,分析其组成特征,并研究其与可可脂复配的相行为及复配体系在经典黑巧克力中的抗霜性能。结果显示:烛果油中的StOSt(57.1%)和甘油二酯(6.65%)含量显著高于可可脂的(23.8%、4.48%),且烛果油中低熔点甘油三酯含量也高于可可脂的;烛果油在室温下的固体脂肪含量比可可脂低10~20百分点;当烛果油与可可脂按质量比9∶1复配时,其相应的巧克力抗霜性显著强于可可脂基巧克力,其中,合适的StOSt、POSt、POP三者比例(10∶3∶1)提高了油基的相容性,而适当的甘油二酯含量有助于保持相的均一性。综上,烛果油可应用于巧克力中以延缓巧克力起抗霜。

宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

【目的】小麦常规育种实质是对杂种F1性状杂种优势连续多代选择和保持的过程,探究宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)间抗倒伏相关性状的杂种优势、配合力,明确与小麦抗倒伏性状显著相关的农艺性状指标,为宁夏春小麦抗倒伏性状的杂种优势利用及其后代筛选与保持提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以14份宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)为亲本,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配制45个杂交组合,分析亲本及其杂交种F1株高、秆型指数等13个抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势、配合力及其相关性。【结果】不同品种(系)间抗倒伏性存在显著差异,杂种F1代抗倒伏相关性状存在一定的杂种优势。NZ42、M6445和M8887主茎抗推力的一般配合力较高,分别为11.68、8.00和10.67,且其他性状的一般配合力也表现较为优异。主茎抗推力强优势组合有M6445×M8887、M6445×MJ48、NZ42×N2038、NZ42×M7723、NZ42×NZ39、H3015×宁春50号。与此同时,相关性分析发现株高与第一节间长和第二节重成显著正相关,与第二节间长和第四节间长成极显著正相关。其次,主茎抗推力与主茎鲜重、茎粗、弯曲力矩和秆型指数成极显著正相关,与第四节间长成显著负相关,与第二节重和第二节间充实度相关性不显著。【结论】NZ42、M6445和M8887为本研究的优良亲本,且NZ42×NZ39、M6445×MJ48、M6445×M8887为本研究抗倒伏育种的优良组合。同时,供试材料不同组合倒伏性状间存在杂种优势利用潜力,但超亲优势不突出,且杂交组合的抗倒伏能力既受加性效应影响又受非加性效应影响,其中,受母本遗传背景影响更大。与此同时,第四节间长、弯曲力矩和秆型指数与株高和主茎抗推力相关性较高,可作为抗倒性育种后代选择的重要参考。

羊肉中腐败菌的分离鉴定及致腐能力研究

为筛选腐败能力强的菌株,本研究从托盘和真空包装羊肉4℃贮藏期间的均质液中分离腐败菌并对其进行鉴定,利用羊肉汁、脱脂牛奶和三丁酸甘油酯3种培养基评估分离菌株在体外对羊肉、蛋白质和脂质的降解能力,从而确定目标菌株并进一步分析其耐药基因图谱。结果表明,托盘包装中共纯化出191株菌株,主要菌属包括假单胞菌、不动杆菌和寡养单胞菌;真空包装中共纯化出72株菌株,主要菌属包括乳杆菌、乳球菌、肉杆菌、沙雷氏菌和哈夫尼亚菌。根据体外腐败能力测定结果,从每种包装中确定3株菌株作为后续研究的目标菌株,并根据基因组相似性计算结果确定种名,托盘包装中的目标菌株为MN10(副乳假单胞菌)、MN21(不动杆菌新菌种)和EF8(嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌),真空包装中的目标菌株为VMR17(清酒乳杆菌)、VF12(变形斑沙雷氏菌)和VE13(变形哈夫尼亚菌)。耐药性基因结果表明,含量较高的抗生素基因为大环内酯类抗生素、四环素类抗生素、氟喹诺酮抗生素、吖啶染料、亚胺培南类抗生素和氨基糖苷类抗生素。该研究为后续生鲜肉的靶向抑菌和腐败菌的腐败机理探究提供了研究基础。

四种藏兽医药用植物和屎肠球菌联用对大肠杆菌E6生物被膜的影响

采用改良结晶紫半定量法和微量肉汤稀释法分别对152株大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力分析和12种常用抗菌药物敏感性试验。同时,利用棋盘稀释法评价四种藏兽医药用植物(马蹄黄、偏翅唐松草、华丽龙胆和岩生忍冬)不同提取部位(甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和石油醚)、屎肠球菌乙酸乙酯提取物与高耐药率抗生素(氯霉素、土霉素、氨苄西林和磺胺甲噁唑)联合对10株多重耐药大肠杆菌(E1-E10)杀菌活性,以探讨不同药物组合对E6生物被膜的清除作用。实验结果显示:152株大肠杆菌多表现为中等成膜能力和无成膜能力表型,对氯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、土霉素、氨苄西林、磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率均高于90%,对二氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢噻呋、妥布霉素和头孢曲松的耐药率均低于50%,其中阿米卡星的敏感率最高,耐药率仅为19.90%;马蹄黄甲醇提取物、偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取物、华丽龙胆甲醇提取物和岩生忍冬乙酸乙酯提取物、屎肠球菌S16和S17乙酸乙酯提取物对E1~E10的MIC范围分别为3.93~15.63、3.93~31.52,7.81~15.63、7.81~31.52、0.42~13.38和0.45~3.63 mg/mL;四种藏兽医药用植物不同提取部位和屎肠球菌乙酸乙酯提取物与高耐药率抗菌药物分别呈现不同的联合作用;在MIC浓度下,药物联合对E6表现出较强的生物被膜清除能力,其中岩生忍冬和偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取物与土霉素和氨苄西林联用对E6生物被膜的抑制率高于其他组合,岩生忍冬和偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取部位与土霉素联用的抑制率分别为48.92%、42.58%,与氨苄西林联用的抑制率分别为48.58%、47.84%。选用的四种藏兽医药用植物、益生菌和抗菌药物联合应用在一定程度上能够解决本研究藏猪和藏鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性和生物被膜形成等问题。

山东省经济韧性时空分异及其影响因素

提高经济韧性不仅能有效抵御外部风险,还能够促进经济高质量发展.本文从风险抵抗能力、调整适应能力和创新转型能力3个维度构建山东省经济韧性综合评价指标体系,运用熵权法和地理探测器研究2002—2021年山东省经济韧性的时空分异及其影响因素.结果表明:1)从时间变化来看,山东省经济韧性呈现稳健增长态势,且风险抵抗能力和调整适应能力优于创新转型能力.2)在空间格局方面,山东省经济韧性大致呈现中东部高、南北低的分布特征,并表现出集聚趋势.风险抵抗能力表现出趋同特征,调整适应能力和创新转型能力表现出极化特征.3)产业结构和科技创新水平对山东省各城市经济韧性差异的影响最为显著,说明优化产业结构、提高科技创新水平是现阶段山东省经济高质量发展的重要驱动力.4)山东省经济韧性的影响因素之间存在明显的双因素增强和非线性增强关系,产业结构和科技创新水平交互作用对山东省经济韧性的影响力度最大.