Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been pro...Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.展开更多
Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was m...Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, mor...[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S(rr), this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.展开更多
Heterosis plays an important role in the development of new crop varieties with high-yielding, good-quality and biotic/abiotic stresses while male sterile line de- velopment is the key step to determine the success of...Heterosis plays an important role in the development of new crop varieties with high-yielding, good-quality and biotic/abiotic stresses while male sterile line de- velopment is the key step to determine the success of heterosis utilization. A male sterile mutant, M207A was created in proso millet (Panicum mi/iaceurn, 2n=4x=36) for the first time using 60Co-y ray mutagenesis. Fertility identification and genetic analysis were carried out to characterize the mutant for its possible use for hetero- sis utilization in proso millet. First the sterility was investigated using both field sur- vey and indoor pollen microscopy identification. Then Pollinated by normal fertile proso millet cultivars, F1 and F2 populations from the mutant were obtained. Mean- while primary genetic analysis was also conducted using above populations in dif- ferent experimental sites, seasons and years. The results showed that the male sterile plant exhibited closed glumes, browning and dry anthers with few normal pollens. The sterility was stable and sterility rate was above 95% on average. The segregation ratio of fertile to sterile plants was 35:1 in the fertile selfing F2 popula- tion indicating that the mutant was a genic male sterility belonging to a pollen-less type controlled by a single recessive gene. The creation of the mutant, M207A can play a key role for heterosis utilization in proso millet.展开更多
To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui ...To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.展开更多
In order to screen molecular markers linked to fertility restoring genes and further improve the breeding efficiency of restorer lines, in this study, wheat varieties 18A, 18B and 99AR144-1 were used as experimental m...In order to screen molecular markers linked to fertility restoring genes and further improve the breeding efficiency of restorer lines, in this study, wheat varieties 18A, 18B and 99AR144-1 were used as experimental materials to establish F2 fertility-segregating population. Plant quantitative trait "major gene + polygene mixed mo- del" separation analysis method and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were adopted for genetic analysis of four generations, including the parents (P~ and P2), and hybrid (G and G) populations. The results show that AL-type fertility restoring gene is controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic genes and addi- tive-dominant polygene; two primers linked to fertility restoring genes were selected by SSR molecular markers, including Xgwm95 on chromosome 2A and Barc61 on chromosome 1B, with the linkage distance of 15.0 cM and 18.0 cM, respectively. Based on verification, these two markers are reliable for distinguishing AL-type wheat ste- rile lines and restorer lines.展开更多
With the deep researches on male sterility genetic engineering of plants, several strategies creating male sterile materials have been developed, such as causing pollen abortion by cytotoxic genes, antisense RNA or RN...With the deep researches on male sterility genetic engineering of plants, several strategies creating male sterile materials have been developed, such as causing pollen abortion by cytotoxic genes, antisense RNA or RNAi silencing the expression of genes related to pollen development, early degradation of tapetum callose leading to male sterility. Male sterile transgenic plants can be obtained through genetic transformation with related genes destroying or interfering with pollen or anther development. Male sterile cauliflower, tomato, cabbage, etc. have been developed in this way, and some begin to be used to produce hybrid seed. Appling some techniques can also maintain and restore the male sterility. These related researches will effectively promote the heterosis utilization and the development of crop breeding. This paper mainly presents their principles and applications in vegetable crops.展开更多
The genetic behavior of fertility restorationgenes of the cytoplasmic male sterile line Max-ie A was studied to facilitate the use ofMaweizhan male sterile cytoplasm.The F,F,and Fof Maxie A/Minhui 63 were grownin padd...The genetic behavior of fertility restorationgenes of the cytoplasmic male sterile line Max-ie A was studied to facilitate the use ofMaweizhan male sterile cytoplasm.The F,F,and Fof Maxie A/Minhui 63 were grownin paddy field,1993-1995.Meanwhile,someof the Fplants were testcrossed with themaintainer of Maxie A.The fertilities were展开更多
Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson c...Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility in pepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between Yolo Wonder (sterility maintainer line) and Perennial (fertility restorer line) and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A (a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line). The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and open field with the following three criteria: pollen index (PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower), pollen number (PN, pollen counting under microscope), and seed number (SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination). Correlations between the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype (DH line) and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility. Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. The distribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance of fertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.(1984), the number of segregating genes was estimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits (PI and PN) and five to eight genetic factors in seed production (SN). The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism of the fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.展开更多
Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relat...Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relative relationships. A total of 169 alleles were detected in the 16 lines, with a frequency of polymorphic loci of 53.85% and an average number of alleles per locus of 1.8, and the average gene diversity was 0.228. Four sets of the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines shared 146 identical alleles, corresponding to 86.39% of the total alleles; meanwhile, there are 23 different alleles among the tested materials, being 13.61% of the total alleles. On average, 78.70% identical alleles and 21.30% different alleles of the total alleles were detected between the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines. There were 53.85% identical alleles and 46.15% different alleles of the total alleles among the homozygous allonucleus male sterile lines. The fingerprints were established for some male sterile lines and maintainer lines. All the materials tested were divided into three groups at the 0.2 genetic distance based on the cluster analysis. Eight lines of Huanong A and Huayu A (including Huanong B and Huayu B) were in the first group, four lines of Kezhen A (including Kezhen B) in the second group, and four lines of Zhenshan 97A (including Zhenshan 97B) in the third group. For the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines, the similarity coefficient between Y (Yegong) type and WA (wild abortive) type or between CW (Raoping wild rice) and WA type reached 87-98%.展开更多
Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understan...Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines (NILs) EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL(Hd1) and NIL(Hd4). Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.展开更多
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically mod...Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in case where it is required. The trait is reversible and can be restored to fertility in the presence of nuclear restorer genes (Rf genes) and by environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the level of irrigation on the stability of CMS maize hybrids under defined greenhouse conditions. Additionally the combination of irrigation and air temperature was studied. Three CMS maize hybrids were grown with different levels of irrigation and in different temperature regimes. Tassel characteristics, pollen production and fertility were assessed. The CMS stability was high in hot air temperatures and decreased in lower temperatures. The level of irrigation had no major effect on the level of sterility. The extent of these phenomena was depending on the genotype of CMS maize and should be known before using CMS for coexistence purposes.展开更多
Investigation of male sterility mutations is an effective approach for identification of genes involved in anther and pollen development. The comparison of “cytological phenotypes” of newly induced mutants with phen...Investigation of male sterility mutations is an effective approach for identification of genes involved in anther and pollen development. The comparison of “cytological phenotypes” of newly induced mutants with phenotypes determined by already known genes favors elucidation of genetic control of diverse microsporo- and gametogenesis stages. In this paper, we describe pollen development in the grain sorghum line Zh10-asc1 with mutation of male sterility. This line was obtained from callus culture treated by sodium ascorbate. A wide spectrum of abnormalities in microsporogenesis have been found, such as cytomixis, chromosomal laggards, chromosome disjunction, adhesion of chromosomes, disturbed cytokinesis, and others. In tapetum, the cells with one nucleus, with unequal nuclei, and with micronuclei have been observed. During pollen grain (PG) maturation abnormalities in starch accumulation and delay of development often took place. In mature anthers, a variety of pollen grain types have been revealed: fertile, of irregular shape, incompletely filled with starch, PGs delayed at the uni-nucleate or bi-nucleate gametophyte stages, with partially or fully degenerated contents, and with abnormal coloration. Variation in spectrum and the frequency of disturbances between the flowers of one and the same plant have been revealed. The reasons for significant genetic and epigenetic instability are discussed.展开更多
In this study, we reported the repaid construction of a molecular marker linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). An F-2 population from the cross between Annong S-1 and Nanjing 11 was used to construct a genetic linkag...In this study, we reported the repaid construction of a molecular marker linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). An F-2 population from the cross between Annong S-1 and Nanjing 11 was used to construct a genetic linkage map of rice. Total of 142 newly screened AFLP markers and 30 anchor markers (25 SSR markers and 5 RFLP markers) were mapped on the 12 chromosomes covering 1537.4 cM of rice genome. The average interval between these markers was 9.0 cM. The total work which usually was finished in more than one year was finished within only 3 months by one person. This is the first plant AFLP map developed in China. A new thermosensitive genic male sterile gene in rice, tms5, was Egged and mapped onto chromosome 2 during the development of the linkage map.展开更多
To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ ...To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.展开更多
Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile(TPSGMS) line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigat...Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile(TPSGMS) line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates(SER), respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene(s). In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.展开更多
The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide...The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA), namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.展开更多
Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica pho-toperiod sensitive...Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica pho-toperiod sensitive genie male sterile rice (PGMS), deriving from a natural mutant plant individual of normal japonica rice variety, Nongken58, is used as a male sterile gene donor of Peiai64S. But Peiai64S is not a typical PGMS rice, the male fertility is sensitive to temperature just as thermo-sensitive genie male sterile rice (TGMS). We have selected typical PGMS plants in F2 population of Peiai64S× Nongken58, whose ratio of fertile plants to sterile plants is nearly 3:1. The sterility inheritance conformed to one pair of gene segregation model. The result indicates the main male sterile gene in Peiai64S is not other than the PGMS gene, and comes from Nongken58S. The genetic background affects effective expression of the PGMS gene. This suggests that we ought to focus on optimizing the genetic background of the PGMS gene in PGMS rice breeding, and select an ideal genetic background as a transgenic background in molecular breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the Fund for the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(2023ZD04038)the Key Project for Agricultural Breakthrough in Core Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(NYHXGG,2023AA102)the Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)。
文摘Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.
基金Supported by the Project of Meteorological Service Website Construction for HainanBreeding(Qiong Nong Ji Cai No.[2013]18 of Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture)~~
文摘Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(200711020307)Public Industry ( Agriculture)Specific Re-search Program of Ministry of Agriculture (nyhyzx07-010)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S(rr), this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.
基金Supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-07-13.5-A3)the Special Financial Fund of Hebei(F16R03)~~
文摘Heterosis plays an important role in the development of new crop varieties with high-yielding, good-quality and biotic/abiotic stresses while male sterile line de- velopment is the key step to determine the success of heterosis utilization. A male sterile mutant, M207A was created in proso millet (Panicum mi/iaceurn, 2n=4x=36) for the first time using 60Co-y ray mutagenesis. Fertility identification and genetic analysis were carried out to characterize the mutant for its possible use for hetero- sis utilization in proso millet. First the sterility was investigated using both field sur- vey and indoor pollen microscopy identification. Then Pollinated by normal fertile proso millet cultivars, F1 and F2 populations from the mutant were obtained. Mean- while primary genetic analysis was also conducted using above populations in dif- ferent experimental sites, seasons and years. The results showed that the male sterile plant exhibited closed glumes, browning and dry anthers with few normal pollens. The sterility was stable and sterility rate was above 95% on average. The segregation ratio of fertile to sterile plants was 35:1 in the fertile selfing F2 popula- tion indicating that the mutant was a genic male sterility belonging to a pollen-less type controlled by a single recessive gene. The creation of the mutant, M207A can play a key role for heterosis utilization in proso millet.
基金the Crop Breeding Program of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2006YZGG01)Pre-grant from Youth Science & Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 07ZQ026-126)
文摘To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.
基金Special Foundation for "12th Five-year" Biological Germplasm Resources Innovation&Functional Gene Discovery and Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(No.2012BB047)"12th Five-year" Breeding Tacking Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(No.2011BA002)
文摘In order to screen molecular markers linked to fertility restoring genes and further improve the breeding efficiency of restorer lines, in this study, wheat varieties 18A, 18B and 99AR144-1 were used as experimental materials to establish F2 fertility-segregating population. Plant quantitative trait "major gene + polygene mixed mo- del" separation analysis method and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were adopted for genetic analysis of four generations, including the parents (P~ and P2), and hybrid (G and G) populations. The results show that AL-type fertility restoring gene is controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic genes and addi- tive-dominant polygene; two primers linked to fertility restoring genes were selected by SSR molecular markers, including Xgwm95 on chromosome 2A and Barc61 on chromosome 1B, with the linkage distance of 15.0 cM and 18.0 cM, respectively. Based on verification, these two markers are reliable for distinguishing AL-type wheat ste- rile lines and restorer lines.
文摘With the deep researches on male sterility genetic engineering of plants, several strategies creating male sterile materials have been developed, such as causing pollen abortion by cytotoxic genes, antisense RNA or RNAi silencing the expression of genes related to pollen development, early degradation of tapetum callose leading to male sterility. Male sterile transgenic plants can be obtained through genetic transformation with related genes destroying or interfering with pollen or anther development. Male sterile cauliflower, tomato, cabbage, etc. have been developed in this way, and some begin to be used to produce hybrid seed. Appling some techniques can also maintain and restore the male sterility. These related researches will effectively promote the heterosis utilization and the development of crop breeding. This paper mainly presents their principles and applications in vegetable crops.
文摘The genetic behavior of fertility restorationgenes of the cytoplasmic male sterile line Max-ie A was studied to facilitate the use ofMaweizhan male sterile cytoplasm.The F,F,and Fof Maxie A/Minhui 63 were grownin paddy field,1993-1995.Meanwhile,someof the Fplants were testcrossed with themaintainer of Maxie A.The fertilities were
基金The study was funded by the National 863 Program, China (2002AA207012-1-3, 2001AA241121-9)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3980453).
文摘Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility in pepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between Yolo Wonder (sterility maintainer line) and Perennial (fertility restorer line) and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A (a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line). The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and open field with the following three criteria: pollen index (PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower), pollen number (PN, pollen counting under microscope), and seed number (SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination). Correlations between the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype (DH line) and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility. Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. The distribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance of fertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.(1984), the number of segregating genes was estimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits (PI and PN) and five to eight genetic factors in seed production (SN). The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism of the fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 032244) the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Education Department (Grant No. Z03004).
文摘Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relative relationships. A total of 169 alleles were detected in the 16 lines, with a frequency of polymorphic loci of 53.85% and an average number of alleles per locus of 1.8, and the average gene diversity was 0.228. Four sets of the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines shared 146 identical alleles, corresponding to 86.39% of the total alleles; meanwhile, there are 23 different alleles among the tested materials, being 13.61% of the total alleles. On average, 78.70% identical alleles and 21.30% different alleles of the total alleles were detected between the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines. There were 53.85% identical alleles and 46.15% different alleles of the total alleles among the homozygous allonucleus male sterile lines. The fingerprints were established for some male sterile lines and maintainer lines. All the materials tested were divided into three groups at the 0.2 genetic distance based on the cluster analysis. Eight lines of Huanong A and Huayu A (including Huanong B and Huayu B) were in the first group, four lines of Kezhen A (including Kezhen B) in the second group, and four lines of Zhenshan 97A (including Zhenshan 97B) in the third group. For the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines, the similarity coefficient between Y (Yegong) type and WA (wild abortive) type or between CW (Raoping wild rice) and WA type reached 87-98%.
文摘Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines (NILs) EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL(Hd1) and NIL(Hd4). Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.
文摘Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in case where it is required. The trait is reversible and can be restored to fertility in the presence of nuclear restorer genes (Rf genes) and by environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the level of irrigation on the stability of CMS maize hybrids under defined greenhouse conditions. Additionally the combination of irrigation and air temperature was studied. Three CMS maize hybrids were grown with different levels of irrigation and in different temperature regimes. Tassel characteristics, pollen production and fertility were assessed. The CMS stability was high in hot air temperatures and decreased in lower temperatures. The level of irrigation had no major effect on the level of sterility. The extent of these phenomena was depending on the genotype of CMS maize and should be known before using CMS for coexistence purposes.
文摘Investigation of male sterility mutations is an effective approach for identification of genes involved in anther and pollen development. The comparison of “cytological phenotypes” of newly induced mutants with phenotypes determined by already known genes favors elucidation of genetic control of diverse microsporo- and gametogenesis stages. In this paper, we describe pollen development in the grain sorghum line Zh10-asc1 with mutation of male sterility. This line was obtained from callus culture treated by sodium ascorbate. A wide spectrum of abnormalities in microsporogenesis have been found, such as cytomixis, chromosomal laggards, chromosome disjunction, adhesion of chromosomes, disturbed cytokinesis, and others. In tapetum, the cells with one nucleus, with unequal nuclei, and with micronuclei have been observed. During pollen grain (PG) maturation abnormalities in starch accumulation and delay of development often took place. In mature anthers, a variety of pollen grain types have been revealed: fertile, of irregular shape, incompletely filled with starch, PGs delayed at the uni-nucleate or bi-nucleate gametophyte stages, with partially or fully degenerated contents, and with abnormal coloration. Variation in spectrum and the frequency of disturbances between the flowers of one and the same plant have been revealed. The reasons for significant genetic and epigenetic instability are discussed.
文摘In this study, we reported the repaid construction of a molecular marker linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). An F-2 population from the cross between Annong S-1 and Nanjing 11 was used to construct a genetic linkage map of rice. Total of 142 newly screened AFLP markers and 30 anchor markers (25 SSR markers and 5 RFLP markers) were mapped on the 12 chromosomes covering 1537.4 cM of rice genome. The average interval between these markers was 9.0 cM. The total work which usually was finished in more than one year was finished within only 3 months by one person. This is the first plant AFLP map developed in China. A new thermosensitive genic male sterile gene in rice, tms5, was Egged and mapped onto chromosome 2 during the development of the linkage map.
文摘To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(2010CD096)National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA10A106)Key New Products Development Program of Department of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province(2012BB015)~~
文摘Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile(TPSGMS) line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates(SER), respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene(s). In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2010AA101301)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B08025)+1 种基金the '948' Program of Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.2006-G8[4]-31-1)the Key Project of Scientific Base Qualification Platform of Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.505005)
文摘The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA), namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.
基金supported by the 9th“Five-Year-Plan”key technology projects in the Bio tech field of“863”program.
文摘Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica pho-toperiod sensitive genie male sterile rice (PGMS), deriving from a natural mutant plant individual of normal japonica rice variety, Nongken58, is used as a male sterile gene donor of Peiai64S. But Peiai64S is not a typical PGMS rice, the male fertility is sensitive to temperature just as thermo-sensitive genie male sterile rice (TGMS). We have selected typical PGMS plants in F2 population of Peiai64S× Nongken58, whose ratio of fertile plants to sterile plants is nearly 3:1. The sterility inheritance conformed to one pair of gene segregation model. The result indicates the main male sterile gene in Peiai64S is not other than the PGMS gene, and comes from Nongken58S. The genetic background affects effective expression of the PGMS gene. This suggests that we ought to focus on optimizing the genetic background of the PGMS gene in PGMS rice breeding, and select an ideal genetic background as a transgenic background in molecular breeding.