Clinical efficacy of intradermal type Ⅰ collagen injections in treating skin photoaging in patients from high-altitude areas

BACKGROUND Photoaging,a result of chronic sun exposure,leads to skin damage and pigmentation changes.Traditional treatments may have limitations in high-altitude areas like Yunnan Province.Intradermal Col Ⅰ injections stimulate collagen production,potentially improving skin quality.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment for photoaging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal typeΙcollagen(ColΙ)injection for treating photoaging.METHODS This prospective,self-controlled study investigated the impact of intradermal injections of ColΙon skin photodamage in 20 patients from the Yunnan Province.Total six treatment sessions were conducted every 4 wk±3 d.Before and after each treatment,facial skin characteristics were quantified using a VISIA skin detector.Skin thickness data were assessed using the ultrasound probes of the Dermalab skin detector.The Face-Q scale was used for subjective evaluation of the treatment effect by the patients.RESULTS The skin thickness of the right cheek consistently increased after each treatment session compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the left cheek significantly increased after the third through sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the right zygomatic region increased after the second to sixth treatment sessions,whereas that of the left zygomatic region showed a significant increase after the fourth through sixth treatment sessions.The skin thickness of both temporal regions significantly increased after the fifth and sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline(P<0.05).These findings were also supported by skin ultrasound images.The feature count for the red areas and wrinkle feature count decreased following the treatment(P<0.05).VISIA assessments also revealed a decrease in the red areas after treatment.The Face-QSatisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall and Face-Q-Satisfaction with Skin scores significantly increased after each treatment session.The overall appearance of the patients improved after treatment.CONCLUSION Intradermal ColΙinjection improves photoaging,with higher patient satisfaction and fewer adverse reactions,and could be an effective treatment method for populations residing in high-altitude areas.

Skin photobiological effect induced by BL:Clinical manifestation,mechanisms,and protection against photodamages

Over the last decade,the rapid advances of life sciences have significantly increased public awareness and comprehension of dermatological knowledge,resulting in widespread acceptance of scientific skincare in society.The scope of photoprotection has expanded to encompass not only ultraviolet radiation but also visible light(including blue light).Furthermore,photoprotection methods have evolved from light blocking to the repair of cellular damage caused by prolonged light exposure via biological signaling pathways.Blue light(BL)is the portion of sunlight between 400 nm(violet)and 500 nm(cyan),that can penetrate deep into biological tissues,with up to 20%reaching subcutaneous tissues.Similar to UV damage,BL can cause oxidative stress,persistent pigmentation,and extracellular matrix degradation,resulting in skin symptoms such as hyperpigmentation,dullness,lack of radiance,uneven skin tone,and wrinkles.This study investigates the clinical manifestations of BL-induced skin photodamages,as well as the underlying biological mechanisms and proposes rational photoaging prevention strategies.

Analysis of the expression profile of miRNAs related to skin photoaging in the GEO database

Background:Skin aging has recently gained significant attention in both society and skin care research.Understanding the biological processes of photoaging caused by long-term skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation is critical for preventing and treating skin aging.Therefore,it is important to identify genes related to skin photoaging and shed light on their functions.Methods:We used data from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and conducted bioinformatics analyses to screen and extract microRNAs(miRNAs)and their downstream target genes related to skin photoaging,and to determine possible biological mechanisms of skin photoaging.Results:A total of 34 differentially expressed miRNAs and their downstream target genes potentially related to the biological process of skin photoaging were identified.Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that these target genes were enriched in pathways related to human papillomavirus infection,extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor signaling,estrogen receptor,skin development,epidermal development,epidermal cell differentiation,keratinocyte differentiation,structural components of the ECM,structural components of the skin epidermis,and others.Conclusion:Based on the GEO database-derived findings,we determined that target genes of two miRNAs,namely miR-4667-5P-KRT79 and miR-139-5P-FOS,play an important role in skin photoaging.These observations could provide theoretical support and guidance for further research on skin aging-related biological processes.

An anti-aging skin strategy:promoting repair and regeneration in UV-induced photoaging micro-environment using growth factors-rich platelet lysates composite Self-protection Collagen Hydrogel

Skin photoaging is induced and sustained by UV-induced oxidative damage,and stimulating regeneration of the UV-induced aging has remained a great challenge due to high-level oxidative stress factor(ROS)-induced chronic oxidative damage and inactivation of bio-macromolecule-based regeneration in oxidative photoaging micro-environment.In this study,we designed a“seed and soil”strategy to pursue a safer and more efficient way to prevent and treat photoaging by simultaneously changing UV-induced ROS-rich micro-environment into a proregenerative one(the“soil”)and providing growth factor-rich platelet lysates(PL,the“seed”)using PL-impregnated,collagen-reinforce hydrogel(PL/Col).SD rats were used to establish photoaging model by 8 weeks of UV irradiation.The effectiveness of different treatments was evaluated by making pathological sections and detecting photoaging-related indicators.Rats treated with PL/Col demonstrated a significant acceleration in skin healing and enhancement in the quality of trauma repairing.After treated with PL/Col,the rats showed smooth yellowish appearance,integral structure of skin collagen fiber and epidermis,a decrease in inflammation and a reshaped active micro-environment with reduced levels of SOD enzyme activity,GSH enzyme activity and MDA toxic products.Treatment of PL/Col in skin photoaging has shown potential anti-oxidation and anti-aging effects and is worthy of further study in related field.

Study on the clinical effect and safety of Kangfuxin liquid combined with microneedling in the treatment of facial skin photoaging

Background and Objectives:Microneedling has been introduced as a new technique to address the growing concern of facial skin photoaging.Kangfuxin liquid has been found to promote the process of skin wound repair,including reducing inflammatory response,improving immunity and enhancing antioxidant levels.In this prospective randomized double-blinded study,we wanted to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Kangfuxin liquid combined with microneedling in treating facial skin photoaging.Methods:57 patients with facial skin photoaging were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group(28 cases)received microneedle therapy with Kangfuxin liquid,while the control group(29 cases)received microneedle therapy with physiological saline.The treatment interval was 4 weeks,and a total of 3 treatments were performed.Compare the VISIA scores of facial photoaging features such as wrinkles,texture,pores,spots and ultraviolet pigmentation between two groups of patients before and after treatment,Global Score for Photoaging,satisfaction evaluation,and record the occurrence of adverse reactions.Results:After treatment,the treatment group showed more significant improvement in wrinkles,texture,pores,spots and ultraviolet pigmentation,and the Global Score for Photoaging was better than the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate with improving skin in the treatment group was 85.71%,which was higher than 75.86%in the control group(P<0.05).Both groups did not experience adverse reactions such as skin infection,pigmentation or hypopigmentation,scar formation,or worsening of melasma.Conclusion:Kangfuxin liquid combined with microneedling therapy has a good improvement effect on facial skin photoaging,with a low incidence of adverse reactions and high patient satisfaction.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

The protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on photoaging fibroblasts by scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting the expression of TGF-β1

The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides （DOP） onphotoaging human skin fibroblasts and its specific mechanism of action. The photoaging fibroblast model wasestablished by ultraviolet B （UVB） irradiation. The toxic effects of different concentrations of DOP were detected usingMTT. Senescent cells were detected using a β-galactosidase kit. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cells were detectedusing a flow cytometer. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （MMP-1）, type I collagen C-terminal peptide（CICP）, and transforming growth factor β-1 （TGF-β1） in spent culture medium was detected by ELISA. The resultsshowed that the low concentration of DOP （20, 40, 80 μg/mL） had no cytotoxicity on fibroblasts. After 60 mJ/cm2UVBirradiation, the number of aging β-gal-positive cells increased, the levels of CICP and TGF-β1 in spent culture mediumdecreased, while the levels of MMP-1 and ROS increased. After administration of DOP on photoaging fibroblasts, thenumber of aging β-gal-positive cells decreased, the levels of ROS and MMP-1 decreased, and the levels of TGF-β1 andCICP increased. This experiment suggests that DOP has the effect of removing ROS induced by UVB, regulating thebalance of collagen production and degradation, and protecting photoaging human skin fibroblasts.

The bibenzyl derivatives of Dendrobium officinale prevent UV-B irradiation induced photoaging via SIRT3

Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.The chemical constituents of D.officinale have attracted much attention and a large number of compounds have been reported including many bibenzyl derivatives.13 bibenzyl derivatives from D.officinale were sent for molecular docking,sur-face plasmon resonance(SPR)assay and after detection of Mn-SOD and SIRT3 activities in or not in HaCaT cells,it was concluded that bibenzyl derivatives did not directly activate Mn-SOD but promoted SIRT3 proteins.In addition,HaCaT cells were irradiated with UV-B to induce an oxidative stress model in vitro to further verify the effect of bibenzyl derivatives.The results show that bibenzyl derivatives could directly bind to SIRT3,enhance the deacetylation and then activate Mn-SOD,so as to protect UV-B induced skin photoaging.

The effects of reactive oxygen species in the process of skin photoaging

Skin is the largest organ of human body and it protects the organism from external stimuli.Skin will age as the organism ages in normal circumstances.Skin photoaging refers to the accumulation of ultraviolet radiation due to long-term exposure to sunlight,which results in the premature aging of skin,wrinkles,pigmentation,skin laxity,and other signs of aging.The increase in the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)induced by ultraviolet radiation,which causes the oxidation of cells,proteins,lipids,and other components,is an important cause of accelerated photoaging of skin.For this reason,the skin's antioxidant system will further play an antioxidant role to reduce oxidative damage by inhibiting ROS production,breaking down ROS,and degrading oxides.Therefore,it is important to understand the mechanism of skin damage caused by Ultraviolet radiation,the effects of reactive oxygen species and how the body's antioxidant system exerts its antioxidant effect.This will not only deepen the understanding of skin photoaging but also provide a scientific basis for the research on how to prevent and treat photoaging.

Effects of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri on amino acid con-tent in guinea pig skin irradiated by chronic ultraviolet A and B

We examined the effects of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF) on the amount of hy-droxyproline in guinea pig skin irradiated by chronic ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. PCF was applied locally before repeated exposure of guinea pig to UVA and UVB. The contents of hy-droxyproline and other amino acids in guinea pig skin were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. Our results showed that: (1) long-time UVA and UVB radiation can reduce dramatically the amounts of hy-droxyproline, aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, phenylalanine and lysine in guinea pig skin in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05); (2) Compared with model group, pre-treatment with 5 % and 20 % PCF prior to UVA and UVB radiation can inhibit the decline of amino acids content in guinea pig skin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). As the decrease of hydroxyproline, glycine and lysine contents in the skin directly reflexes type I collagen degeneration, our results indicated that the chronic application of PCF can protect skin type I collagen against UV radiation, and thus protect skin from photoaging.

Vitamin C, Grape Seed Extract and Citrus Bioflavonoids Protect the Skin against Photoaging: A Review

The skin is a major protective organ of the body. It is constantly exposed to the environment and is very resilient. But exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent inflammatory responses that can overwhelm the innate protective mechanisms of the skin. This results in damage and premature aging. Strategies to mitigate this premature photoaging might include avoidance of sunlight. However, some sunlight exposure is beneficial to health. One notable example of this is the production of vitamin D. A more practical approach to preventing adverse effects of UV light in the skin is antioxidant supplementation. Dietary antioxidants may help control ROS propagation following UV light exposure. To further evaluate the utility of antioxidants in protecting the skin, in vitro, in vivo and human studies of three well known dietary antioxidants are reviewed and discussed. The data clearly demonstrate that vitamin C, grape seed extract and citrus bioflavonoids have the potential to reduce the damaging effects of excess sun exposure via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating mechanisms. As such, regular ingestion of dietary antioxidants appears to be a useful strategy for protecting the skin against photoaging.

Effects of a New Human Recombinant MnSOD in the Treatment of Photoaging and Actinic Keratosis

Physiological processes, as aerobic metabolism and inflammatory response, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may induce cellular injury when their amount is increased and antioxidant defense mechanisms are overwhelmed. Also, ROS are generated following UV skin irradiation able to deplete the natural antioxidant defenses in the skin. The increase in exposure to UV may lead to photoaging and precancerous skin lesions (actinic keratosis). New antioxidant strategies in the prevention and therapy of skin lesions are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant efficacy of a recombinant form of human manganese superoxide dismutase able to inhibit reactive oxygen species production in some patients affected by severe photoaging and actinic keratosis.

Differences in the Histopathology and Cytokine Expression Pattern between Chronological Aging and Photoaging of Hairless Mice Skin

Skin photoaging is a complex, multifactorial process resulting in functional and structural changes of the skin, and different phenotypes from chronological skin aging are well-recognized. Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated hairless mice have been used as a skin photoaging animal model. However, differences in morphology and gene expression patterns between UV-induced and chronological skin changes in this mouse model have not been fully elucidated. Here we investigated differences in histopathology and cytokine expression between UV-irradiated and non-irradiated aged hairless mice to clarify the factor(s) that differentiate photoaging from chronological skin aging phenotypes. Eight-week-old HR-1 hairless mice were divided into UV-irradiated (UV-irradiated mice) and non-irradiated (control mice) groups. Irradiation was performed three times per week for 10 weeks. In addition, 30-week-old HR-1 hairless mice were reared until 70 weeks of age without UV irradiation (aged mice). Histopathologies revealed that the flattening of dermal-epidermal junctions and epidermal thickening were observed only in UV-irradiated mice. Decreases in fine elastic fibers just beneath the epidermis, the thickening of elastic fibers in the reticular dermis, and the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans were more prominent in UV-irradiated mice as compared to non-irradiated aged mice. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that UV-irradiated mice showed an increase in the expression of IFN-γ. In contrast, aged mice exhibited proportional up-regulation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, an indicator for the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, was significantly higher in UV-irradiated mice as compared to control and non-irradiated aged mice. An elevated IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was also observed in aged senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 1 (SAMP1) mice, a spontaneous skin photoaging model we recently reported. Thus, an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be a key factor to differentiate photoaged skin from chronologically-aged skin.

Selected Medicinal Herbs and Functional Peptides for Protection against Photoaging of the Skin

Photoaging is an accelerating aging process of the skin due to prolonged exposure to UV from the Sun or other sources. Herbal extracts, natural compounds, and bioactive polypeptides have widely used in cosmetic agents for protection of the skin against photoaging. This mini review briefly summarizes topical use of selected most common medicinal herbs, naturopathic chemicals, and bioactive peptides examined for skin protection.

Impact of near-infrared radiation in dermatology

Sunlight that reaches the human skin contains solar energy composed of 6.8%ultraviolet(UV),38.9%visible light and 54.3%infrared radiation.In addition to natural near-infrared(NIR),human skin is increasingly exposed to artificial NIR from medical devices and electrical appliances.Thus,we are exposed to tremendous amounts of NIR.Many studies have proven the effects of UV exposure on human skin and skin cancers but have not investigated well the effects of NIR exposure.Furthermore,many of the previous NIR studies have used NIR resources without a water filter or a contact cooling.With these resources,a substantial amount of NIR energy is absorbed in the superficial layers and only limited NIR energy can be delivered to deeper tissues.Thus,they could not sufficiently evaluate the effects of incident solar NIR.In order to simulate solar NIR that reaches the skin,a water filter is essential because solar NIR is filtered by atmospheric water.In reality,NIR increases the surface temperature and induces thermal effects so a contact cooling is needed to pursue the properties of NIR.I clarify that NIR can penetrate the skin and non-thermally affect the subcutaneous tissues,including muscle and bone marrow,using a NIR resource with a water filter and a coolingsystem.I would like to emphasize the biological effects of NIR which have both merits and demerits.Appropriate NIR irradiation induces dermal heating thermally and non-thermally induces collagen and elastin stimulation,which results in skin tightening.NIR also induces non-thermal DNA damage of mitotic cells,which may have the potential application for treating cancer.However,as continuous NIR exposure may induce photoaging and potentially photocarcinogenesis,we should consider the effect of,not only UV,but also NIR and the necessity for protection against solar NIR.Here,this paper introduces the new aspects of the biological effects of NIR radiation.

Study on the Photoprotection Effect of A Composition of Hyaluronic Acid and Ectoine

Photoprotection effect of the hyaluronic acid and ectoine composition was studied by evaluated its effects on inhibiting oxidative stress and MMP-1 production,ROS scavenging ability and promoting collagen synthesis in skin cells under blue light irradiation.The result show that the composition is non-toxic to keratinocytes within a concentration of 5%.And the sample can significantly inhibit the increase of reactive oxygen species(ROS)caused by blue light irradiation at a concentration of 2%,and can also repaire the damaged skin by scavenge oxygen free radicals.At the same time,the composition can inhibit the increase of MMP-1 caused by blue light irradiation,so as to have the effect of inhibiting the decomposition of collagen and promoting the secretion of Collagen I.

New Development and Technology of Sun Protection

The influencing factors of sunlight on skin aging were summarized. sunlight for skin aging is not only because of ultraviolet rays, physiological mechanisms of skin premature aging induced by infrared rays and visible light is also gradually clear. This paper elaborated the activation and other complicated photoaging ways of the mitochondria, free radicals, aryl hydrocarbon receptors(AhR) and activation of thermo receptors in inflammatory injurys and membrane receptors during the biological effect and photochemical effect of light. based on these, an universal sunlight protection strategy was proposed as upgrade of traditional sunscreens.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

Unveiling the protective role of biofilm formation on the photoaging of microplastics

In natural water,microplastics(MPs)inevitably undergo microbial colonization to form biofilm,while the effect of biofilm formation on the photoaging of MPs remains unknown.This study systematically investigated the photoaging behavior of disposable box-derived polypropylene(PPMPs)and polystyrene(PSMPs)mediated by formed biofilm in water.After incubating in Weihe water samples for 105 d,the biofilm was validated to form in PPMPs and PSMPs,with higher formation in PSMPs.In particular,biofilm formation inhibited the photoaging of PPMPs and PSMPs,with an 11.1%and 50.6%decrease in photooxidation compared to their virgin counterparts after 20 d of ultraviolet(UV)irradiation.Moreover,the photoaging route of MPs such as the reaction priority of functional groups(e.g.,C–H,C=O,and benzene ring)was altered,indicating the important role of biofilm formation in the photoaging process of MPs.The protective effect of the biofilm was mainly caused by the role of optical light filters that absorbed UV energy by sacrificing themselves.Also,as the main attacker on MPs,the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS,mainly^(1)O_(2)and·OH)was inhibited by biofilm,which was mainly responsible for the decreased photoaging of MPs.This study revealed the important role of biofilm in the photoaging process of MPs and suggested a higher resistance of(micro)plastics in natural water than that in the laboratory using pure MPs,which contributed to a deeper understanding of the environmental fate and pollution of MPs.

Selenomethionine in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels:Modulating ferroptosis to attenuate skin aging

During skin aging,the degeneration of epidermal stem cells(EpiSCs)leads to diminished wound healing capabilities and epidermal disintegration.This study tackles this issue through a comprehensive analysis combining transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics,revealing age-dependent alterations in the Gpx gene family and arachidonic acid(AA)metabolic networks,resulting in enhanced ferroptosis.Selenomethionine(Se-Met)could enhance GPX4 expression,thereby assisting EpiSCs in countering AA-induced mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis.Additionally,Se-Met demonstrates antioxidative characteristics and extensive ultraviolet absorption.For the sustained and controllable release of Se-Met,it was covalently grafted to UV-responsive GelMA hydrogels via AC-PEG-NHS tethers.The Se-Met@GelMA hydrogel effectively accelerated wound healing in a chronological aging mice model,by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis with augmented GPX4 expression.Moreover,in a photoaging model,this hydrogel significantly mitigated inflammatory responses,extracellular matrix remodeling,and ferroptosis in UV-exposed mice.These characteristics render Se-Met@GelMA hydrogel valuable in practical clinical applications.

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells:the wine in Hebe's hands to treat skin aging

Owing to its constant exposure to the external environment and various stimuli,skin ranks among the organs most vulnerable to manifestations of aging.Preventing and delaying skin aging has become one of the prominent research subjects in recent years.Mesenchymal stem celis(MsCs)are multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm with high self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential.MSC-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)are nanoscale biological vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication and regulate biological behavior.Recent studies have shown that MSC-EVs have potential applications in anti-aging therapy due to their anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative stress,and wound healing promoting abilities.This review presents the latest progress of MSC-EVs in delaying skin aging.It mainly includes the MSC-EVs promoting the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts,reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases,resisting oxidative stress,and regulating inflammation.We then briefly discuss the recently discovered treatment methods of MSc-EVs in the field of skin anti-aging.Moreover,the advantages and limitations of EV-based treatments are also presented.