Intelligent diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion based on color fundus photographs

AIM:To develop an artificial intelligence(AI)diagnosis model based on deep learning(DL)algorithm to diagnose different types of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by recognizing color fundus photographs(CFPs).METHODS:Totally 914 CFPs of healthy people and patients with RVO were collected as experimental data sets,and used to train,verify and test the diagnostic model of RVO.All the images were divided into four categories[normal,central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO),branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO),and macular retinal vein occlusion(MRVO)]by three fundus disease experts.Swin Transformer was used to build the RVO diagnosis model,and different types of RVO diagnosis experiments were conducted.The model’s performance was compared to that of the experts.RESULTS:The accuracy of the model in the diagnosis of normal,CRVO,BRVO,and MRVO reached 1.000,0.978,0.957,and 0.978;the specificity reached 1.000,0.986,0.982,and 0.976;the sensitivity reached 1.000,0.955,0.917,and 1.000;the F1-Sore reached 1.000,0.9550.943,and 0.887 respectively.In addition,the area under curve of normal,CRVO,BRVO,and MRVO diagnosed by the diagnostic model were 1.000,0.900,0.959 and 0.970,respectively.The diagnostic results were highly consistent with those of fundus disease experts,and the diagnostic performance was superior.CONCLUSION:The diagnostic model developed in this study can well diagnose different types of RVO,effectively relieve the work pressure of clinicians,and provide help for the follow-up clinical diagnosis and treatment of RVO patients.

野生动物摄影师:因热爱而发光

大卫·普卢默是一位顶级的野生动物摄影师,一年中有几个月的时间他都在世界各地拍摄野生动物。1For David Plummer,wildlife and photography remained his passions.When he was 26,David took the leap to work towards becoming a professional wildlife photographer.“I moved to Sussex and did various odd jobs-which included cleaning and care work-in order to survive while I built my contacts and work experience,”he says.“Being a volun-teer photographer for the Sussex Wildlife Trust was a turning point.”

从程序员到鸟类专家

Born in Sichuan Province,Mei Jian now lives in Canada.He graduated from the Com⁃puter Science Department of Sun Yat⁃sen Uni⁃versity in 1992 and worked as a programmer.Encouraged by friends,he began bird⁃watching in 2016 and developed a fondness for bird pho⁃tography.However,he found that he was occa⁃sionally uncertain about what species he had photographed.

The Contribution of Hemispherical Photographs to Understand Natural Forest Regeneration in the AKAK Forest Area

Examining the contribution of hemispherical photographs in the understanding of Natural forest regeneration is very important in estimating the future forest structure, composition and to enforce conservation regulations. This study sets out to examine the interaction between stump sprouting, LAI, site and canopy openness for the entire AKAK forest area and for the logging compartments;2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. 49 sprouted stump were identified randonly. 20 m × 20 m plots were demarcated along a canopy gaps for each sprouted stump, the plots were established in such a manner that the sprouted stumps will be in the middle. For each of the selected 49 sprouted stump, indirect measurements of canopy cover were performed in the 49 plots of 20 m × 20 m (0.04 ha), giving a total of 1.96 ha of land covered. Galaxy S3 smartphone with a built-in Infinix ZERO 4 fish-eye lens with 198˚ view angle equidistant projection was used to take photos. The fish-eye lens was mounted on the phone camera and photograph were taken at a fixed height of 1.3 m. Results revealed that, the combine Principal Component Factor Analysis (2013, 2015 and 2017) of the correlation matrix for Sprout, Years, LAI 4%, LAI 5%, Canopy and Site openness, shows that factor 1 explained 62.6% of total variance while factor 2 explained 17.9% together explain 80.05% Communalities. For the year 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively shows that there is a very strong correlation (p p < 0.0005) between LAI4 and LAI5.

Impacts of canopy structure on the sub-canopy solar radiation under a deciduous forest based on fisheye photographs

Forest canopy in a deciduous forest has significant sheltering effects on the sub-canopy solar radiation,significantly influencing the energy balance of snow and permafrost beneath the forest and their spatial distribution.This study employs a digital camera mounted with a fisheye lens to acquire photographs at various times in a growth cycle of the forest canopy at three selected sites in a deciduous forest near the Greater Khingan Mountains Forest Ecological Station,Northeast China.The vegetation types and conditions at the selected sites include P1 in Ledum-Claopodium-L.dahurica,P2 in Carex tato-L.dahurica,and P3 in Betula fruticosa-L.dahurica.After necessary image processing,these photographs were used to identify the canopy structure and its impacts on the sub-canopy solar radiation.Results show that fisheye photographs can successfully capture the forest canopy structure and are useful in estimating the sub-canopy solar radiation.The order of sheltering effects from the largest to the smallest on sub-canopy solar radiation at three selected sites is P3,P1,and P2,highly depending on the canopy density.Then sub-canopy solar radiation was calculated using fisheye photographs and an algorithm validated by in-situ observed solar radiation beneath the canopy at P1 and P3.The results are reasonable,although the accuracy seems compromised due to the mismatch of conditions for calculation and observation.Results also show that the mean annual solar radiation above the canopy was about 148.3 W/m2 in 2018,and the mean annual solar radiation values beneath the canopy were about 90.0,123.8,and 61.0 W/m2 at P1,P2,and P3,with only 60%,84%,and 42%of the total solar radiation penetrating through the canopy,respectively.Even in winter,when the trees are leafless,the canopy sheltering effects cannot be ignored in dense forests.Despite the limitations,fisheye photographs and related algorithms are useful in investigating the forest canopy structure and its impacts on sub-canopy solar radiation.

Rails in Pics

Railway photographer He Junyun records wonderful moments on the China-Laos Railway with his camera.Click,click!He Junyun pressed the shutter of his camera as a train shot down the tracks.As a rail photographer,it’s a routine he has done thousands of times as he witnessed the construction of the China-Laos Railway from start to finish accompanied by the changes and expectations brought by the“iron dragon”.

A Method to Improve Photographing Function of Common Digital Camera to Small Flowers and Fruits

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to solve the problem of photographing small flowers and fruits with a common digital camera in field. [Method] Firstly, the photographic mode of a common digital camera was set as ＂macro＂ （or ＂soft snap＂ ） and ＂flash off＂. Secondly, the small flower or fruit was magnified with a magnifying glass, and then the magnified flower or fruit was automatically focused with the digital camera lens. After automatic focusing, the shutter button was pressed and the photograph finished. [Result] With this method, the clear inflo- rescence or floral photographs of Eragrostis pilosa （ Gramineae ） , Bidens biternata （Compositae） and Tribulus terrester （Zygophllaceae） were obtained in field. [ Conclusion] The optical system of a digital camera has been changed by the magnifying glass, which improves the photographic function of a common digital camera to small flowers and fruits, and also easily gets their clear photographs.

医院信息系统的设计与开发

本文在深入研究数据仓库、联机分析处理技术及医学图象处理技术的基础上 ,设计并实现了医院信息系统。本系统由医院业务核算系统。

RESEARCH ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER AND RELATED MECHANISMS

Experiments on treatment of domestic wastewater by membrane bioreactors were carried out.The results showed that this process could produce good quality effluent with low COD,turbidity and total count of bacteria.With intermittent operation and continuous aeration,the membrane flux was kept steady.The mechanisms of removing COD through membrane,the structure of membrane and filtration resistance were also discussed.

A Paraffin Sectioning Method Without Using the Microtome and an Analysis Method for Optical Information of the Plant Anatomical Digital Photographs

[Objective] The research aimed to study a paraffin method without using the microtome,and also introduced an analysis method for optical information of the plant anatomical digital photographs.[Method] The plant material softened or not was embedded in paraffin according to the paraffin method.Cut the thin paraffin sections from the paraffin block with a sharp two-sided blade under anatomical lens.The thin material sections rolled up when they were cut off.Took the section rolls to a slide,and then heated them to melt the paraffin section roll.When the paraffin melted,the sections of plant material were rolled out.After the common or simplified procedures of staining and mounting,the preparations were finished.When an anatomical digital photograph was processed,copy it into the word file and two copies of the original photograph were obtained.One copy was selected to make it to be a negative photograph,and then press the key ＂Press Screen＂ to copy the screen frame.After it was copied into the word file,cut of the unnecessary parts and other operations were carried out,then processed photograph was obtained.[Results] The anatomical preparation for research was gotten.The analyzed digital photograph of the leaf structure of Salix matsudana var.matsudana f.tortuosa has some a three-dimensional effect,and the different leaf structures and cells,e.g.cuticle,cell wall,protoplast,vein,etc.can be identified easily.[Conclusion]The paraffin method without using the microtome has advantages of low cost and higher efficiency,which could be applied by the beginner or in the time without a microtome to be used.The analysis of the plant anatomical digital photographs can acquire more structural information than the original digital photographs,which shows the potentiality and prospects of the optical information analysis of the microscopic imagery and its digital photograph.

Hyperuricemia Accompanied with Changes in the Retinal Microcirculation in a Chinese High-risk Population for Diabetes

Objective To investigate the association of retinal vascular calibers with hyperuricemia in a middle‐aged and elderly population. Methods A cross‐sectional design was applied in this study and 869 participants aged ≥40 years from a high‐risk group for diabetes were recruited. All participants received the anthropometrical measurements and laboratory tests. Retinal arteriolar and venular caliber of the participants were measured with a semi‐automated system. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level 420 μmol/L in men and 360 μmol/L in women. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of hyperuricemia with retinal vascular calibers. These models were additionally adjusted for age, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, weekly activity, smoking status, and education. Results Among the 869 participants, 133 （15.3%） suffered from hyperuricemia. The crude mean serum uric acid level was 312.3 μmol/L （Standard Deviation 79.5）; mean concentration was 355.0 μmol/L （SD 75.5） in male participants, and 288.0 μmol/L （SD 71.1） in female participants （age‐adjusted difference 58.1 μmol/L, 95% Confidence Internal 48.5, 67.6）. After adjusting for additional covariates, male participants with hyperuricemia had 3.77 μm （95% CI ‐0.46, 8.00） smaller arteriolar caliber and 6.20 μm （95% CI 0.36, 12.04） larger venule than those without hyperuricemia; the corresponding numbers among female participants were 1.57 μm （95% CI ‐1.07, 4.21） for retinal arteriolar caliber and 2.28 μm （95% CI ‐1.72, 6.27） for retinal venular caliber. Conclusion Hyperuricemia was associated with smaller retinal arteriolar caliber and larger venular caliber mainly in male participants in this study.

Digital reconstruction of ancient Egyptian tombs

From the pyramids of Giza to the tombs of Thebes at Luxor, the glorious ancient Egyptian history has produced remarkable architecture. Sadly, tourists, numbering nearly four million per year, have taken a heavy toll on many of these ancient structures. Of particular concern are many of tombs located opposite Luxor on the western bank of the Nile. Digital reconstruction of these tombs has the potential of helping to document and preserve these important historical structures. Issues concernng new and unique problems involving the photographing and digital reconstruction of these tombs are addressed. Techniques for removing image distortions, recovering 3-D shapes and correcting for lighting imbalances are discussed. A complete reconstruction of the tomb of Sennediem is shown.

Classification of facial wrinkles among Chinese women

It is generally recognized that Caucasians and Asians have different skin aging features. The aim of this study was to develop a facial wrinkle grading scale for Chinese women. Standard photographs were taken of 242 Chinese women. Six sets of 0 to 9 wrinkle scales with reference photographs and descriptions were selected, including grading scales for resting and hyperkinetic crow＇s feet, frontalis lines, glabellar frown lines, and nasolabial folds. To identify the scale by objective quantitative measurement, skin surface measurements from the Visioscan~ VC98 were used. To test the reliability and validity of our wrinkle scale, a multi-rater consensus method was used. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled 12-week study was conducted to use this clinical photo-score to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Centella triterpenes cream~ in treating crow＇s feet. A newly developed 10-point photographic and descriptive scale emerged from this study. The final atlas of these photographs contained a total of 6 sets with 10 pictures each. From 0 to 9, surface evaluation of smoothness （SEsm） parametric measurements decreased progressively, indicating that the scale increased inversely. Weighted kappa coefficients for intra-assessor were between 0.75-0.87. The overall Kendall＇s coefficient is 0.86 on the first rating and 0.87 on the second rating. Thirty- six volunteers were recruited and 35 subjects completed a 12-week trial. Clinical photo-score by investigator showed a significant difference （P 〈 0.05） between the treatment side and control side after 4 weeks. Use of these scales in clinical settings to evaluate facial wrinkles in Asians individuals is recommended.

Preparation of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory maps using remote sensing and GIS technologies:Principles and case studies

Inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides can be constructed using several methods,which are often subject to obvious differences due to lack of commonly accepted criteria or principles,To solve this problem,the author describes the principles for preparing inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides,focusing on varied methods and their criteria,The principles include the following key points：all landslides should be mapped as long as they can be recognized from images;both the boundary and source area position of landslides should be mapped;spatial distribution pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides should be continuous;complex landslides should be divided into distinct groups;three types of errors such as precision of the location and boundary of landslides,false positive errors,and false negative errors of earthquake-triggered landslide inventories should be controlled and reduced;and inventories of co-seismic landslides should be constructed by the visual interpretation method rather than automatic extraction of satellite images or/and aerial photographs,In addition,selection of remote sensing images and creation of landslides attribute database are also discussed in this paper,Then the author applies these principles to produce inventory maps of four events：the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan,China M_w 7.9,14 April 2010 Yushu,China M_w 6,9,12 January 2010 Haiti M_w7.0,and 2007 Aysen Fjord,Chile M_w 6.2,The results show obvious differences in comparison with previous studies by other researchers,which again attest to the necessity of establishment of unified principles for preparation of inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides.

最优子带编码器理论 设计及其应用综述

子带编码器(subband coder,SBC)是一种由滤波器组(filter bank,FB)和量化器构成的通用编码模型。常用的变 换编码器及小波(包)编码器都可视为它的特殊形式。对于统计分布已知的信源,如何最优化SBC长期以来一直是自适 应信号压缩领域的难点问题。本文将SBC分为三类:正交均匀、双正交均匀和非均匀SBC。首先提出编码增益准则下SBC 优化的统一形式化描述。然后在该框架下,对每一类SBC,从其最优化的理论研究与算法设计两方面阐述最近10年来的 重大进展。其次介绍最优SBC在现代信号处理中的应用现状,最后指出未来的发展方向。

Non-contact and Automatic Measurement of 2D Size with CCD Matrix and Computer System

A measurement system with the CCD matrix and computer system is designed to test the 2D size of any shape workpieces automatically. In addition, the system adopts the method of the relative measurement which increases the precision and the velocity.More importantly,the precision cant be changed with the conditions of the temperature and air pressure.The experiments show that the relative precision of 0.002 9 and the absolute precision of 2.97 μm are obtained. The instrument may be used in the product line and make the testing on line possible.

KEY OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN JPEG-LS IP CORE DESIGN

This paper presents the key optimization techniques for an efficient accelerator implementation in an image encoder IP core design for real-time Joint Photographic Experts Group Lossless(JPEG-LS) encoding.Pipeline architecture and accelerator elements have been utilized to enhance the throughput capability.Improved parameters mapping schemes and resource sharing have been adopted for the purpose of low complexity and small chip die area.Module-level and fine-grained gating measures have been used to achieve a low-power implementation.It has been proved that these hardware-oriented optimization techniques make the encoder meet the requirements of the IP core implementation.The proposed optimization techniques have been verified in the implementation of the JPEG-LS encoder IP,and then validated in a real wireless endoscope system.

DISPERSED PHASE HOLDUP AND DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN A ROTATING PERFORATED DISK CONTACTOR

Hydrodynamic characteristics of rotating perforated disk contactor(RPDC)were studied with emulsionwater system.The emulsion was dispcrsed in water and its holdup was measured.The effects of columndimensions and operating conditions on holdup and characteristic velocity were studied.By using the methodof dimensional analysis,the authors obtained two experimental correlations for estimating holdup and characteristic velocity respectively.Drop size distribution was studied photographically.The experimental results showedthat drop size distribuiion could be described by upper-limit log-normal distribution.

Phase transition model of water flow irradiated by high-energy laser in a chamber

In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.

Vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography and SURF

Based on three kinds of dynamic test of MEMS, a dynamic system for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography is introduced. Firstly, the architecture of the system hardware is introduced. Secondly, the image tracking performance is compared by the test using the template matching algorithm, the mean shift algorithm and the SURF algorithm. The vibration curve shows that high speed photograph combined with SURF algorithm is faster, more ac- curate, and more suitable for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope. After the frequency a- nalysis and related interpolation, more characteristics of micro gyroscope can be obtained.