Genetic Analysis and Primary Mapping of pms4, a Photoperiod-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility Gene in Rice (Oryza sativa)

To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.

Anatomic Study of Female Sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.

The anatomic research on the mutant clone of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in the seed orchard in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province was carried out. The female cone of the mutant clone looked like normal, but its ovules degenerated in the early stage. This paper tries to find out the reason and time of ovule abortion. It seems that the ovule abortion is probably caused by female sterility because the microspores of this mutant clone were normal. Through the serial observations on the one-year-old macrosporangiates and the ovules of two-year-old female cones of mutant and normal clone, it is found that the reason of ovule abortion in mutant clone is the failure of the mitosis of free nuclei in the female gametophyte, and the time is about in the early April.

NINETY-THREE CASES OF FEMALE STERILITY TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE

The author has treated 93 cases of female sterility with acupuncture. ln accordancewith clinical symptoms and signs, the disease was classified into f0ll0wing types: the stagnation of liv-er-Qi, disharmony of Qi and blood; deficiency 0f kidney-Yang, infertility of the retention of cold inthe uterus; the retention of phlegm-dampness, vascular obstruction of the uterine c0llaterals; andblood stasis, the stagnation of the uterine collaterals. According to the the0ry of Five Elements, theacupoints were selected to treat each type of syndrome. Of thern, 86 cases were effective, 7 cases in-effective. The effective rate was 92. 5 %.

Mapping of a gene for photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility in Nongken 58s on chromosome 5 of rice

A photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) rice was found in 1973 as a spontaneous mutant of Nongken 58, a japonica variety. Pollen fertility of Nongken 58s (N58s) is completely sterile when grown under long-day conditions, whereas fertile under short-day conditions. This PGMS was found to be controlled by one or two recessive gene(s), of which one gene(pms)was linked to a marker gene(d-1) on chromosome 5. In order to identify a more precise location of the pms, we analyzed the populations of BCFand BCFof N58s//N58s/KL211(v-10, virescent) and N58s//N58s/KL520 (gh-1, gold hull). The marker genes v-10 and gh-1 are located on the flanking region of d-1. The F, plants of two crosses were fertile. The number of fertile and sterile individuals in BCFfit

Content Changes of Several Endogenous Plant Hormones in Female-Sterile Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.

To determine the relationship between female sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and plant hormones, content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in a female-sterile clone and a normal clone were analyzed during the key period of female gametophyte abortion in mutant clones. The change of ABA content showed a similar pattern between normal and mutant clones, but the ABA content of the mutant clone was always much higher than that of the normal clone. In the normal clone, the IAA content decreased significantly at the early stage of the period and reached its minimum during the first ten days of April and stabilized thereafter. The endogenous ZR levels increased sharply at the early stages and reached a maximum in the middle of April, then decreased dramatically. The IAA and ZR contents of the mutant clone did not change perceptively through the entire period. We conclude that the high levels of ABA and the deficit of IAA and ZR may be the reasons of female gametophyte abortion in the female-sterile clones of P. tabulaeformis.

Persistence of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in the Bladders of Female Patients with Sterile Urine after Antibiotic Therapies

This study aimed to provide evidence of persistent uropathogenic Escherichia coli（UPEC） in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection（UTI） after antibiotic therapy. We collected biopsies of the bladder, and clean-catch urine samples from 32 women who had episodes of recurrent UTI and were given antibiotic therapy. Urine samples and biopsies were analyzed by conventional bacteriological techniques. Phylogenetic group and 16 virulence factors（VFs） of UPEC were determined using polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. The infection capability of UPEC was confirmed in a mouse model. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to detect intracellular bacterial communities（IBCs） in the mouse model. The results showed that all urine specimens were detected sterile. E. coli was found in 6 of 32 biopsies（18.75%）, and was identified to be UPEC by PCR. Different VFs associated with the formation of IBCs were identified in all six UPEC isolates. Each UPEC isolate was capable of forming IBCs within the bladder epithelial cells of mice. In conclusion, UPEC with distinctive pathological traits and the capability of IBC formation was first found in the bladders of women after antibiotic therapy, suggesting that the IBC pathogenic pathway may occur in humans and it plays an important role in UTI recurrence.

Characteristics and Risk factors of Psychosomatic Symptoms Related to Female Tubal Sterilization in Rural Area in Hunan Province, China: A Prospective Study

Objectives To study characteristics of psychosomatic symptoms related to sterilization, to find out risk factors and their roles ascribed to psychosomatic symptoms, and to establish a mathematic model for screening out susceptible women. Methods: This study enrolled 776 women in rural area at three counties of Linxiang, Qiyang, Changsha of Hunan province in China between February 1990 and April 1992. Brief Neurosis Screening Scale (BNSS), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), sensitivity to pain, suggestibility were used to indicate subjects' psychological status. Logistic regression model and retrograde discriminant analysis were applied to develop a mathematical model. Results: Prevalence of psychosomatic reactions or symptoms was 54.8% before sterilization, 26.6% at three months and 16.4% at one year after operation respectively. Psychosomatic symptoms were verified to be the result of joint effects of multiple risk factors. The following risk factors were associated with postoperative symptoms: anger-hostility (RR=33.71), high suggestibility (RR=4.53), high neuroticism (RR=3.44), sensitivity to pain (RR=2.14) and operative sites (RR=2.05). A mathematical model to estimate the probability of developing psychosomatic symptoms in sterilization was established.Conclusions: More than half of women suffered from psychosomatic reactions before operation, and some of them did not recover after operation. The postoperative psychosomatic symptoms are the joint effect of multiple risk factors.

A Five-year Follow-up Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Female Tubal Sterilization by Chemical Instillation

A multi center randomized clinical trial was adopted in the present study. 1705 eligible women with identical demographic and gynecological characteristics were divided into two groups: 871 using phenol atabrine paste (PAP) and 834 using phenol mucilage (PM). The five year follow up rates for the two groups were 97.5% and 98.1%, respectively. The multiple decrement life table analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the gross cumulative failure rates between the two groups. The 60th month gross cumulative failure rates for PAP group and PM group were 4.61% and 11.87%, respectively, thus indicating the efficacy of PAP to be significantly higher than that of PM. 97.7% users had cervical smear examinations, but no suspected cancer cells or cancer cells were found. Meanwhile, there was no known diseases related to the chemical reagent. This follow up study indicates that tubal sterilization by chemical instillation is a simple,safe and efficient female method. It suggested that this method would be introduced to a wider use on the basis of modification in the composition of chemical agents, standardized operational procedure, and improved administrative regulation in the use of this technology.

Nonsurgical method of female sterilization in china

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热敏灸联合克罗米芬治疗肾阳虚型多囊卵巢综合征不孕的疗效观察

目的观察热敏灸联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的64例肾阳虚型多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。对照组采用克罗米芬治疗,观察组采用热敏灸联合克罗米芬治疗。比较两组治疗前后子宫内膜和卵泡直径的变化,比较两组排卵情况、妊娠情况和临床疗效。结果两组治疗后最大卵泡直径和子宫内膜厚度均较治疗前增加(P<0.05),且观察组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组排卵次数为47次,未排卵次数为6次,排卵率为88.7%;对照组排卵次数为31次,未排卵次数为9次,排卵率为77.5%;两组排卵率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组妊娠12例,未妊娠20例;对照组妊娠7例,未妊娠25例;组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组总有效率为87.5%,高于对照组的62.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论热敏灸联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕可增加子宫内膜厚度,增大卵泡直径,促进排卵,临床疗效优于单纯克罗米芬治疗。

薏苡雌性不育株FS2106的性状遗传分析

稳定遗传的雌性不育系是薏苡实现杂种优势利用的关键,雌性不育基因的利用也是实现轻简化杂交种制种的重要途径。本研究团队在资源鉴定过程中首次发现了在自然条件下产生的薏苡雌性不育遗传材料FS2106。以FS2106为试验材料,对其表型、花粉活力和染色体数目进行鉴定,以其为父本与2个可育薏苡材料配制杂交组合,观测雌性不育性、柱头颜色、叶鞘颜色和总苞质地4个性状在F_(1)、F_(2)群体中的性状分离情况,并通过χ^(2)检验揭示其遗传方式和遗传规律。结果表明,FS2106植株的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、叶长和叶宽的平均值分别为86.9 cm、4.9 mm、33.4个/株、34.3 cm和2.2 cm;开花期雌穗不发育、雄穗发育正常,产生正常活力花粉,雌性不育性状稳定;染色体数目为2n=20,倍性正常。χ^(2)检验显示,FS2106植株的雌性不育性属于单基因控制的隐性核遗传,其紫色叶鞘、紫色柱头颜色、总苞质地性状均为单基因显性遗传,而且总苞质地性状位点表现为杂合子。FS2106的发现及其雌性不育基因的挖掘为薏苡杂种优势利用和杂交制种提供了基础材料,叶鞘颜色、柱头颜色和总苞质地性状也可做为育种应用的重要标记性状。

分期针灸配合药物对多囊卵巢综合征排卵率和妊娠率的影响

目的观察分期针灸配合药物对多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)不孕患者排卵率和妊娠率的影响。方法将72例PCOS不孕患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组自月经周期第5天或黄体酮撤退性出血的第5天开始口服枸橼酸氯米芬片促排,观察组在对照组基础上从月经周期第1天或黄体酮撤退性出血的第1天接受基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸治疗。观察两组治疗前后各项血清性激素[促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、睾酮(testosterone,T)]水平变化情况,比较人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG)日平均子宫内膜厚度及周期排卵率、妊娠率。结果观察组治疗后FSH、LH、T水平较之前不同程度的降低,E2水平较之前升高,且各指标数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组治疗后LH、T水平较之前不同程度的降低,E2水平较之前升高,且各指标数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后各项血清性激素水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,组间对比分析可知观察组HCG日平均内膜厚度更佳,且两组数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后周期排卵率和妊娠率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸配合药物能明显提高PCOS不孕患者周期排卵率和妊娠率,其作用机制可能为降低患者LH、T水平,上调E2水平,同时改善HCG日子宫内膜厚度。

pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiod-sensitive male sterility mutation of‘Nongken 58S'

Photoperiod-sensitive genie male sterile (PSGMS) rice is a very useful germplasm for hybrid rice development. It was first found as a spontaneous mutant in a japonic a cultivar 'Nongken 58' . pms3 on chromosome 12 was determined to be the locus where the original PSGMS mutation occurred, changing the normal cultivar Nongken 58 to PSGMS Nongken 58S. Large amounts of RAPD and AFLP analyses were also conducted for the fine mapping of the pms3 genomic region, which resulted in 4 molecular markers linked to pms3. Although these markers somewhat increased the marker density of this region, the pms3 locus is still located in a marker-sparse region.

Disruption of egg-specific protein causes female sterility in Bombyx mori

Yolk proteins are the main source of nutrients during embryonic and early larval development in oviparous animals. Therefore, vitellogenesis is crucial for reproduction. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a model lepidopteran insect in which there are three yolk proteins: vitellin, 30-kDa protein, and egg-specific protein (Esp). In this study, we explored the gene function of Esp through transgenic clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology-mediated mutations in the silkworm. We found that Esp mutation resulted in female sterility but had no effect on male fertility. Female mutants could lay eggs after mating, but the eggs were smaller and lighter colored than those laid by wild-type females. The most important finding is that the eggs laid by female mutants did not hatch. Furthermore, we observed stable inheritance of female sterility caused by Esp mutation through successive generations. Thus, Esp encodes a yolk protein that is crucial for female reproductive success and is a potential target for pest control.

Studies on the Photoperiod Sensitive Characters of Male Fertility Alteration of Peiai64S' Main Male Genic Sterile Gene

Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica pho-toperiod sensitive genie male sterile rice (PGMS), deriving from a natural mutant plant individual of normal japonica rice variety, Nongken58, is used as a male sterile gene donor of Peiai64S. But Peiai64S is not a typical PGMS rice, the male fertility is sensitive to temperature just as thermo-sensitive genie male sterile rice (TGMS). We have selected typical PGMS plants in F2 population of Peiai64S× Nongken58, whose ratio of fertile plants to sterile plants is nearly 3:1. The sterility inheritance conformed to one pair of gene segregation model. The result indicates the main male sterile gene in Peiai64S is not other than the PGMS gene, and comes from Nongken58S. The genetic background affects effective expression of the PGMS gene. This suggests that we ought to focus on optimizing the genetic background of the PGMS gene in PGMS rice breeding, and select an ideal genetic background as a transgenic background in molecular breeding.

电子灸八髎穴对宫腔粘连患者冻融胚胎移植术后妊娠结局的影响

目的观察电子灸八髎穴对宫腔粘连患者行冻融胚胎移植术后妊娠结局的影响。方法对符合纳入标准的90例轻度宫腔粘连并行冻融胚胎移植术的患者进行回顾性研究。两组均采用人工周期准备内膜,子宫内膜转化后行冻胚移植术,手术后予以黄体支持。对照组45例予常规治疗;治疗组45例在对照组常规治疗基础上,于移植术前完成1个疗程的电子灸八髎穴治疗。比较两组患者内膜转化日子宫内膜厚度、临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率。结果治疗组内膜转化日子宫内膜厚度略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率分别为66.7%、16.7%和55.6%,对照组临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率分别为44.4%、35.0%和28.9%;两组临床妊娠率和活产率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电子灸八髎穴可提高轻度宫腔粘连患者行冻融胚胎移植术后的临床妊娠率和活产率,改善妊娠结局。

航天诱变水稻雌性半不育突变体rs(s)的变异特性分析

【目的】揭示航天诱变水稻雌性半不育的变异特性。【方法】以常规籼型水稻‘秋B’(野生型)航天搭载诱变获得的雌性半不育突变体rs(s)为研究对象,对其开展形态学、细胞学、生理学和遗传学研究。调查突变体与野生型及其正反交F1、F2群体结实率,对亲本的花粉和胚囊育性进行细胞学观察,测定突变体与野生型幼穗生长素(IAA)、细胞分裂素(TZR)、脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA3)的含量变化。【结果】突变体rs(s)雄蕊发育正常但雌性半不育,该性状受隐性单基因调控;发育过程中子房干瘪瘦小,柱头伸长不明显,雌蕊在胚囊发育的有丝分裂阶段发生异常,导致胚囊败育;IAA含量在突变体幼穗分化第6阶段急剧增加。【结论】突变体rs(s)是一个新的雌性半不育突变体,在有丝分裂阶段生长素含量急剧增加,可能抑制了雌蕊的生长发育,导致雌蕊发育畸形、雌性半不育。

Phenotypic Characterization of a Female Sterile Mutant in Rice

A female sterile mutant, derived from a spontaneous mutation, was first discovered In rlce （Oryzs satlvs L. sep. Indlca） restorer llne 202R. Wlth normal fiowerlng, the mutant exhlblts an extremely low seed-sattlng rate. When the mutant Is crossed as a pollen donor, the seeds set normally; whereas when It Is used as a pollen recelver, no seeds are obtalned even wlth mlxed pollen gralns of dlfferent varletles sprlnkled over the atlgmas. The fioret of the mutant, conslatlng of slx stamens and one platll, looks the same as that of the wlld type In the malefemale organs, except that less than 10% of the mutant florets have three atlgmas on the ovary. Although the mutant has a low seed-setting rate, Its pollen fertility Is approximately 87.1%, which Is equal to that of the wild type. In addition, more than 90% of the mature embryo sacs of the mutant have complete Inner structures. At every stage after pollination, the sperm, embryo, and endosperm are not found In the mutant embryo sac, whereas the disintegration of the egg cell that does not accomplish fertilization Is visible. Through observetlons with a fluorescence microscope, we have found that the pollen grains germinate normally, whereas the pollen tube abnormally elongates in the style-transmitting tissue. The mutant pollen tubes display various defects In the style, such as slower elongation, conversed elongation, distorted elongation, swollen tips, or branched tips. As a result, the growth of the pollen tubes ceases In the style, and, therefore, the pollen tubes cannot reach the embryo sac and the process of double fertilization Is blocked. Based on these observations, we conclude that this mutant, designated as fs-202R, Is a novel type of female sterile mutation In rice, which causes the arrest of the elongation of the pollen tube.

Selection and Characterization of a Novel Photoperiod-Sensitive Male Sterile Line in Upland Cotton

Upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） shows strong heterosis. However, heterosis is not widely utilized owing to the high cost of hybrid seed production. Creation of a photoperiod-sensitive genetic male sterile line could substantially reduce the cost of hybrid seed production in upland cotton. Such a mutant with virescent marker was found by space mutation in near-earth orbit and its traits had been stable after 4 years of selection in Anyang and Sanya, China. This mutant was fertile with an 11-12.5 h photoperiod when the temperature was higher than 21.5 ℃ and was sterile with a 13-14.5 h photoperiod. Genetic analysis indicated that both traits were controlled by a single recessive gene or two closely linked genes. Also, the cytological observations and transcriptome profiling analysis showed that the degradation of pollen grain cytoplasm should be the primary reason why the mutant line were male sterile under long-day conditions.

免疫性自然流产与免疫性不孕的临床与实验研究

临床研究提示免疫性不孕主要表现为肾阴、肾阳偏虚或兼血瘀,滋肾或温肾活血的助孕1号丸、2号丸对消除AsAb的有效率达93.5％,平均妊娠率29.0％,未见副作用。动物模型证实助孕1号丸、2号丸具有抑制抗体形成的作用。自然流产的研究提示,流产夫妇HLA相容性增加,流产妇女CD_4显著降低,封闭效应低下,证候多为脾肾两虚。经健脾补肾的助孕3号丸治疗,再次妊娠成功率95.2％,并使封闭效应提高。