Research on Control Method of Inverters for Large-scale Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power System

A grid-connected inverter controlling method to analyze dynamic process of large-scale and grid-connected photovoltaic power station is proposed. The reference values of control variables are composed of maximum power which is the output of the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power plant, and power factor specified by dispatching, the control strategy of dynamic feedback linearization is adopted. Nonlinear decoupling controller is designed for realizing decoupling control of active and reactive power. The cascade PI regulation is proposed to avoid inaccurate parameter estimation which generates the system static error. Simulation is carried out based on the simplified power system with large-scale photovoltaic plant modelling, and the power factor, solar radiation strength, and bus fault are considered for the further research. It’s demonstrated that the parameter adjustment of PI controller is simple and convenient, dynamic response of system is transient, and the stability of the inverter control is verified.

Evaluation of the Performances of the First Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Sénégal

This document presents the evaluation and the monitoring of the performances of the first grid-connected photovoltaic system installed in the Center of Studies and Researches on the Renewable Energies (CERER) inaugurated on December 4th, 2012 by the governmental authorities of Senegal and Tenerife. This mini power plant of 3.15 kWc is a perfect example of the political will of the government which is to reduce the production cost of the electricity, with the diversification of the sources of production, and the greater use of the other sources such as the natural gas, the coal, the renewable energies. The evaluation of the performances of the installation is realized by using the indicators of efficiency and performance as the photovoltaic surface yield, the ratio of photovoltaic performance, the photovoltaic specific yield, and the losses of captures. The obtained results show that a big part of the energy shone during the period of observation was not able to be used further to circumstances such as the losses of conductivity, the heat losses or for example the defects on components. The analysis also shows that a large part of the produced energy is not injected because of the dilapidation of the network, the defects of landing but especially one disjunction sees frequently at the level of the point of injection.

H6 Non-isolated Full Bridge Grid-connected PV Inverters With Low Leakage Currents

为满足非隔离光伏并网发电系统对共模漏电流的限制，提出一种六开关逆变器拓朴（H6拓扑）。所提出的H6拓扑在功率传输模态时，进网电流半个工频周期流过3支开关管，而另半个工频周期流过2支开关管，故相对于H5拓扑，降低了通态损耗，有利于热应力均衡，且仍满足续流阶段光伏电池输出端与电网脱离的要求。详细分析拓扑的工作原理，并推论给出H6非隔离光伏并网逆变器的其它3种拓扑结构；比较分析了H5拓扑、Heric拓扑和H6拓扑的损耗和成本。通过1kW通用样机平台对比验证了上述3种拓扑的效率和共模特性。实验结果表明，H6拓扑的变换效率高于H5拓扑、但略低于Heric拓扑，共模特性优于Heric拓扑、但略劣于H5拓扑。

Forecast of Power Generation for Grid-Connected Photo-voltaic System Based on Grey Theory and Verification Model

Being photovoltaic power generation affected by radiation strength, wind speed, clouds cover and environment temperature, the generating in each moment is fluctuating. The operational characteristics of grid-connected PV systems are coincided with gray theory application conditions. A gray theory model has been applied in short-term forecast of grid-connected photovoltaic system. The verification model of the probability of small error will help to check the accuracy of the gray forecast results. The calculated result shows that the ?model accuracy has been greatly enhanced.

Low Voltage Ride through Control Capability of a Large Grid Connected PV System Combining DC Chopper and Current Limiting Techniques

This paper presents the development and performance capability of a comprehensive Low voltage ride through (LVRT) control scheme that makes use of both the DC chopper and the current limiting based on the required reactive power during fault time. The study is conducted on an 8.5 MW single stage PV power plant (PVPP) connected to the Rwandan grid. In the event of fault disturbance, this control scheme helps to overcome the problems of excessive DC-link voltage by fast activation of the DC chopper operation. At the same instance, AC current is limited to the maximum rating of the inverter as a function of the injected reactive current. This helps overcome AC-over- current that may possibly lead to damage or disconnection of the inverter. The control scheme also ensures voltage support and power balance through the injection of reactive current as per grid code requirements. Selected simulations using MATLAB are carried out in the events of different kinds of fault caused voltage dips. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LVRT control scheme.

Large-Scale Distributed Photovoltaic Power Dispatching and Operation Management Review

Distributed photovoltaic power (PV) is the main development model of distributed generation. It is necessary to research on dispatching and operation management with large-scale distributed PV connected. This paper analyzes development status, technical requirement and dispatching and operation management situation of distributed PV in Germany and China. Then introduce the preparation of distributed PV dispatching and operation management criterion. Through summarizing the experiences and lessons of large-scale distributed PV development in Germany, it gives advice to the development of distributed PV dispatching and operation management in China.

Extended Quality Characterization of Grid Connected PV Inverters

The overall performance of photovoltaic （PV） inverter imphes many different technical issues.One of the key criterias is based on the measurement of the conversion and the maximum power point tracking （MPPT） efficiency and its applicable evaluation in practice.Intense work has been done in the last few years to formulate applicable standards for measuring static and dynamic efficiencies worldwide.Besides that,this work is presenting on novel methods of analysis on non-trivial system characteristics impacting the final evaluation on the overall performance of the PV inverter.The elaborated testing procedures for complex system behavior under highly nonlinear conditions （unintentional partial shading, mismatching of DC strings） are explained and characterized.With the help of experimental results, the exclusive impact on the overall efficiency is illustrated and helpful statements are given on the resulting technical characteristics of MPP strategies.

基于CSA-INC算法的光伏发电MPPT仿真研究

为提高最大功率点追踪的速度与准确性,并减小光伏阵列在局部阴影时光伏发电系统输出功率的损失与谐波含量,提出基于布谷鸟算法(CSA:Cuckoo Search Algorithm)和电导增量法(INC:Incremental Conductivity method)相结合的控制方法。在算法前期利用布谷鸟算法进行全局搜索,避免算法陷入局部最优解。后期利用电导增量法进行局部范围内细致搜索,锁定最大功率点。并且将此算法应用于并网控制,验证是否满足并网谐波含量要求。在Matlab/Simuink中建立了仿真模型,结果表明基于布谷鸟与电导增量法相结合的复合算法追踪速度更快,误差更小,满足并网谐波含量要求。

A Review of Novel Leakage Current Suppression Techniques for Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters

漏电流抑制是无变压器型光伏并网系统需要解决的关键问题之一。VDE-0126-1-1标准规定,漏电流高于300 mA时光伏并网系统必须在0.3 s内从电网中切除。为了解释漏电流的根源,建立系统共模电压数学模型,在此基础上分析漏电流产生的原因,探讨不同调制策略对漏电流的影响,然后介绍几种典型的、能够有效抑制漏电流的电路拓扑结构,并分析各种拓扑的工作原理和特点。最后对漏电流抑制技术方面的发展趋势做了展望。

The Resonance Suppression for Parallel Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters in Weak Grid

Obvious resonance peak will be generated when parallel photovoltaic grid-connected inverters are connected to the weak grid with high grid impedance, which seriously affects the stability of grid-connected operation of the photovoltaic system. To overcome the problems mentioned above, the mathematical model of the parallel photovoltaic inverters is established. Several factors including the impact of the reference current of the grid-connected inverter, the grid voltage interference and the current disturbance between the photovoltaic inverters in parallel with the grid-connected inverters are analyzed. The grid impedance and the LCL filter of the photovoltaic inverter system are found to be the key elements which lead to existence of resonance peak. This paper presents the branch voltage and current double feedback suppression method under the premise of not changing the topological structure of the photovoltaic inverter, which effectively handles the resonance peak, weakens the harmonic content of the grid current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the voltage at the point of common coupling, and improves the stability of the parallel operation of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverters in weak grid. At last, the simulation model is established to verify the reliability of this suppression method.

Generating capacity adequacy evaluation of large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic sys- tems have become an essential part of modem electric power distribution systems. In this paper, a novel approach based on the Markov method has been proposed to investigate the effects of large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems on the reliability of bulk power systems. The proposed method serves as an applicable tool to estimate performance （e.g., energy yield and capacity） as well as reliability indices. The Markov method frame- work has been incorporated with the＇ multi-state models to develop energy states of the photovoltaic systems in order to quantify the effects of the photovoltaic systems on the power system adequacy. Such analysis assists planners to make adequate decisions based on the economical expectations as well as to ensure the recovery of the investment costs over time. The failure states of the components of photovoltaic systems have been considered to evaluate the sensitivity analysis and the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation, and expected energy not supplied. Moreover, the impacts of transitions between failures on the reliability calculations as well as on the long- term operation of the photovoltaic systems have been illustrated. Simulation results on the Roy Billinton test system has been shown to illustrate the procedure of the proposed frame work and evaluate the reliability benefits of using large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic system on the bulk electric power systems. The proposed method can be easily extended to estimate the operating and maintenance costs for the financial planning of the photovoltaic system projects.

风-光-抽-柴并网型微网的优化运行研究

为抑制风电、光伏功率输出波动,提高消纳比例,建立风电、光伏、柴油发电及抽水蓄能电站组成的分布式并网型微电网模型。风电、光伏作为微电网的主要出力对象,柴油发电作为紧急备用供电措施,抽水蓄能电站作为能量储转设备完成对可再生能源的存储与转换。分析了微电网组成部分的出力特性及用户负荷,以运行成本及系统电能外购率最低为优化目标,建立优化运行数学模型,并结合实际算例,采用改进的多目标克隆选择算法进行求解,可以得到优化运行的Pareto解集,能够提供在运行成本和电能外购比例优化目标下的各个发电单元在各优化时段的出力,具有一定的理论研究与工程实践意义。

基于MMC-RPC的铁路光伏发电并网技术探究

通过对铁路光伏发电并网技术进行研究,分析了光伏发电系统并网的拓扑结构以及MMC-RPC并网结构的工作原理及技术优势,提出构建基于MMC-RPC结构的铁路光伏发电并网系统方案。同时结合铁路电力系统并网的电能质量问题,研究提出了基于MMC-RPC的并网控制策略,通过综合补偿、冗余保护、能量平衡和调制控制,改善电网电能质量,提高系统可靠性,为铁路光伏发电并网技术研究及方案实施提供参考。

Modeling and control of photovoltaic energy conversion connected to the grid

This paper presents modeling and control of a photovoltaie generator （PVG） connected to the grid. The parameters of the PVG have been identified in previous work （series and parallel resistance, reverse saturation current and thermal voltage） using Newton-Raphston and the gradient algorithm. The electrical energy from a PVG is transferred to the grid via two static converters （DC/DC and DC/AC）. The objective of the proposed control strategy is to maximize energy captured from the PVG. The adapted control law for extracting maximum power from the PVG is based on the incremental conductance algorithm. The developed algorithm has the capability of searching the maximum photovoltaic power under variable irradiation and temperature. To control the DC/AC inverter, an intelligent system based on two structures is constructed： a current source control structure and a voltage source control structure. The system has been validated by numerical simulation using data obtained from the PVG installed in the laboratory research （INSAT, Tunisia）.

Z-源逆变器在光伏发电系统中的应用

Z-源逆变器由于采用独特的X型Z-源网络,可以利用逆变器桥臂直通状态实现升压功能,从而使单级Z-源逆变器具有与两级并网系统相类似的性能。该文论述基于Z-源逆变器的光伏并网系统在变换效率、可靠性以及成本方面的优势,提出了一种新的单级Z-源逆变器并网系统两级控制策略,该控制策略实现了MPPT控制和逆变器并网控制,使Z-源光伏并网系统能够动态跟踪光伏电池最大功率点电压,输出电流与电网电压同相位,从而达到较高的功率因数。软件仿真和实验分析证明了该控制方法具有优良的动、静态特性,适合各种变化的天气情况。

大型滚装船船电-光伏并网系统构建及电能质量分析

随着绿色船舶和新型船体设计概念不断被推广,将光伏系统与船舶电力系统进行并网运行成为未来船舶发展的方向。为了给大型远洋船舶光伏并网发电系统的设计和应用提供依据,以适宜搭建光伏阵列的大型滚装船为研究对象,构建一种船电-光伏并网系统,对该系统的构建流程和系统结构进行详细阐述,并根据大型滚装船船电-光伏并网系统的特点,对电能质量问题及影响因素进行分析。研究成果可为大型远洋船舶光伏并网发电系统的设计和应用提供参考依据。

基于双管Buck-Boost变换器的直流微电网光伏接口控制分析

分析了分布式直流供电系统中光伏接口单元的控制要求,给出了相应的控制策略。以双管Buck-Boost变换器型接口单元为例,介绍了其控制系统结构和小信号模型的建立,分析了接口变换器的工作过程,讨论了闭环控制参数选取依据。最后,在一台3kW的双管Buck-Boost变换器实验样机上,对理论分析进行了验证,实现了分布式直流供电系统光伏接口单元的基本控制功能。

三相光伏并网Z-源逆变器的比例谐振控制

将具有独特的X型网络的Z-源逆变器应用于光伏并网系统,利用逆变器桥臂直通状态实现直流侧升压。对Z-源逆变器的拓扑结构和工作原理进行了详细的分析;根据电网电压定向的控制策略结合比例谐振控制器,利用改进的空间矢量脉宽调制方法实现了逆变器并网控制,使Z-源光伏并网系统能够动态跟踪光伏电池最大功率点电压,输出电流和电网电压相位,实现单位功率因数运行和电流波形正弦化。仿真结果表明系统具有良好的静态和动态性能,验证了采用的系统结构和控制策略的有效性和可行性。

光伏并网发电系统的MPPT-电压控制策略仿真

在配电网络的末端,负载的无功波动将会对电网供电电压产生较大的影响,对光伏发电系统并网处系统侧的交流电压进行控制,可以提高系统的电压水平。根据光伏并网系统的结构,采用外环为电压环、内环为并网电流环的双环控制。通过abc/dq0变换将并网电流解耦为有功分量和无功分量,引入最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)提供的直流侧电压参考量的闭环控制调节并网电流的有功分量,引入交流侧电压参考量的闭环控制调节并网电流的无功分量,实现了具有MPPT和电压控制能力的三相光伏并网发电技术。仿真结果表明MPPT-电压控制策略既能够实现光伏并网的最大功率点跟踪,也能够控制光伏发电系统接入点的交流电压,进一步提升了光伏并网发电系统的应用前景。

基于H_∞和重复控制的三相四线制PV-AF系统

为了提高具有有源滤波功能的光伏并网(photovoltaicpower generation and active filter,PV-AF)系统的动态和静态性能以及稳定性,提出了一种基于H∞和重复控制的PV-AF系统双闭环控制策略。电压外环采用比例积分控制器控制变流器直流侧电压并生成逆变有功电流指令;电流内环采用重复H∞控制器用于跟随逆变指令电流和并联负载谐波补偿电流指令。与传统的电流环PI控制和PR控制方法相比,重复H∞控制器的内模环节提高了电流环跟踪性能,H∞控制环节增强了系统的鲁棒性,使PV-AF系统实现光伏并网逆变的同时,有效地补偿并联负载谐波电流。实验结果表明通过使用该方法,减小系统稳态误差的同时,提高了系统的鲁棒性,有效改善了系统的动静态性能。