Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in sea ice brine sampled from the Canada Basin,Arctic Ocean

Bacterial diversity in sea ice brine samples which collected from four stations located at the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Twenty-three 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria obtained from DGGE bands were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these sequences within γ-proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flexlbacter-Bacteroides （CFB） group, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The phylotype of Pseudoalteromonas in the γ-proteobacteria was predominant and members of the CFB group and γ-proteobacteria were highly abundant in studied sea ice brine samples.

The Exploration of Trimeresurus Divided to Multiple Genera Based on Molecular Systematics

According to the contradictions about classification on Trimeresurus between ＂China＇s Fauna＂ and international database, the rationality about Trimeresurus divided to multiple genera based on molecular systematies was discussed. The genetic distance was calculated by sequencing 12S gene of the original Trimeresurus snakes, including 80 individuals of 33 species ; and the molecular phylogenetie tree was established by taking Hypnale hypnale as the outgroup. The results showed that the topological structures of ME tree and ML tree were basically consistent, and all of the species in the molecular trees were divided into 8 branches; and the difference of T. albolabris between Hainan and other locations is not obvious. The viewpoint that original Trimeresurus genera subdivided into 8 genera was more rational, and new authoritative reference books are expected to be published in China.

Structure and expression of sulfatase and sulfatase modifying factor genes in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella

The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect feeding.Sulfatase activity is regulated by post-translational modi- fication of a cysteine residue by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1).We identified 12 SULF genes (PxylSulfs)and two SUMF1 genes (PxylSumfls)in the P.xylostella genome. Phylogenetic analysis of SULFs and SUMFs from P.xylostella,Bombyx mori,Manduca sexta,Heliconius melpomene,Danaus plexippus,Drosophila melanogaster,Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens showed that the SULFs were clustered into five groups,and the SUMFs could be divided into two groups.Profiling of the expression of PxylSulfs and Pxyl Sumfs by RNA-seq and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that two glucosinolate sulfatase genes (GSS),PxylSulf2and PxylSulf3,were primarily expressed in the midgut of 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae.Moreover,expression of sulfatases PxylSulf2, PxylSulf3 and PxylSulf4 were correlated with expression of the sulfatases modifying fac tor PxylSumfla.The findings from this study provide new insights into the structure and expression of SUMF1and PxylSulf genes that are considered to be key factors for the evolutionary success ofP.xylostella as a specialist herbivore of cruciferous plants.