Physical and Technological Parameters of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Grown in the Southern Parts of Benin and the Influence of Chemical Composition

Objective: The study aims to investigate some physical and technological parameters of varieties of maize collected from the most representative areas of maize production in the southern part of Benin, and mainly used by the populations of those areas. Method: The chemical composition, physical and technological characteristics of the grains were determined using standard methods. Results: The results showed that the weight of 1000 grains ranges from 158.01 to 305.12 g, the length from 0.79 to 1.81 cm, the average width from 0.74 to 1.51 cm, thickness from 0.36 to 0.85 cm and density from 1.07 to 1.25. Regarding the technological parameters, the hardness of the grains before and after cooking was between 16.78 and 47.20 kgf, and 0.23 and 0.71 kgf respectively, while the cooking time varies from 71.00 and 158.33 mn. There was a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.405;p < 0.026) between the hardness after cooking and the weight of 1000 grains, between the hardness after cooking and grain width (r = 0.460;p < 0.011). A positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.527, p < 0.003) was also observed between the hardness after cooking and the grain length, between the hardness after cooking and the thickness of grain (r = 0.476, p < 0.008), and between the grain density and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.481, p < 0.007). A positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.923, p < 0.000) was also observed between maize grain length and width, and between grain length and grain thickness (r = 0.764, p < 0.000) and between the width and thickness (r = 0.764, p < 0.000). On the other hand, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.394, p < 0.031) was found between the hardness before cooking and the thickness and between the hardness before cooking and sphericity index (r = -0465*, p Conclusion: Through its chemical and technological characteristics the maize constitutes an important raw material for many culinary recipes in West African region.

Correlation Analysis of Processing Technology,Physical Parameters and Chemical Components during Plain Stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix

[Objectives]To explore the correlation of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components during plain stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix.[Methods]Based on mixture uniform experiment design,the Trichosanthis Radix was prepared by plain stir-bake method.Delphi method was used to evaluate and select the highest-scoring processed product for measuring physical parameters.UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of starch and polysaccharide.The correlation and linear regression model of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components were established with the aid of SPSS 26.0[Results]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the relative density and chromaticity showed a decreasing trend in the processed products of Trichosanthis Radix,the oxidation value,hydroscopic rate and swelling decreased firstly and then increased,and pH increased firstly and then decreased.The content of total starch decreased,the content of polysaccharide increased,and there was a negative correlation between them.There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and oxidation value,swelling and hydroscopic rate,hydroscopic rate and polysaccharide,and there was a significant negative correlation between relative density and hydroscopic rate or polysaccharide,total starch and hydroscopic rate or swelling.The linear relation model between processing technology and physical parameters and chemical components was r2>0.9.[Conclusions]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the physical parameters of Trichosanthis Radix changed,and there may be mutual conversion between total starch and polysaccharides.To a certain extent,physical parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of processed products of Trichosanthis Radix.This study is expected to provide a reference for research on quality evaluation of processed products of traditional Chinese medicine.

QSPR between Physical-Chemical Properties and Molecule Parameters of Alkanes

A set of molecule parameters, namely, N, N′, p, q, n, were used to express the structures of alkanes. A correlative model was established between certain physical-chemical properties and molecular parameters of alkanes by regression method. Eight physical-chemical properties, such as evaporation heat （△vHm^20）, density（D^20 ）, capacity （C^20）, surface tension （δ^20）, boiling point （Tb）, critical temperature（Tc）, critical pressure（Pc） and critical volume（Vc）, of fifty-six C3-C16 alkanes were calculated directly from the model in this paper. The calculated values are in good accordance with the literature ones reported for alkanes, and the correlation coefficients （R） equal or exceed 0.99 . The research results indicate that the principle of the method is simple and clear, the method is practical, the correlativity is excellent, and the predicted data are credible.

Chemical and physical characteristics of quartz from gold deposits in the North China platform: relationship to gold mineralization

This paper seeks to identify macroscopic metallogenic mechanisms of various mineral deposits by studying microscopic typomorphic characteristics of typical minerals associated with the deposits and to reveal the mechanism of lattice gold in detail by studying both physical and chemical characteristics of quartz from representative gold deposits in the North China Platform.As part of their extensive research,the authors examine the relationship between trace elements with wall rock,the ore-forming media,and gold immigration of various types of gold deposits,including their salinity,type,temperature.These are key factors to revealing the mineralization mechanism,and indicators for mineral prospecting,exploration,mining,and metallurgical technology.In order to address the questions posed,the following methods were used:field investigations of geology and sampling of the representative gold deposits,physical study and chemical analysis of quartz including,but not limited to,fluid inclusions as well as their compositions and trace elements in quartz,the unit cell parameters,electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum(EPR),and infrared spectroscopic analysis(ISA).As a result of this study,the authors observe the following key findings:unit cell parameters of quartz vary with their contents of foreign elements including gold,paragenetic stage,wall rock type,and other factors;the higher the forming temperature and the lower the gold content in quartz,the smaller the unit cell parameters,and vice versa.Additionally,the EPR absorption lines resulted from the O–Al defect center.The density of these types of hole centers increases and the EPR signal strengthens when the temperature decreases.Based on the findings,the authors conclude that lattice gold exists in quartz.Gold,in the form of Au^(+)and/or Au^(3+),entering quartz and producing an electron–hole center,namely,the O-Au hole center,makes the center produce spin resonance absorption and results in the EPR absorption peak#I.Both unit cell parameters and EPR of quartz can potentially be used in mineral prospecting,relative ore-forming temperature determination,and grade control during mining.

江西吉安钱山地区地热资源特征及热源机制

位于罗霄山脉北支武功山西南地区的钱山地热田是研究武功山地热资源的关键地区。本文综合区域地质、研究区地质特征、热物性参数、水化学特征、锆石同位素等方法,重点分析了钱山地区的地热系统特征,深入研究了钱山地热的构造背景和热源机制。研究表明:(1)NE–SW向的和平—三江断裂是钱山地热重要的导热和控热构造;(2)水化学及同位素特征指示钱山地区的地热水和冷水均为大气降水补给;(3)早志留世黑云二长花岗岩热导率特征表明花岗岩具有很好的导热效果和聚热能力;(4)黑云二长花岗岩放射性生热率较低且时代久远,揭示放射性元素生热和岩浆岩余热对热源做出的贡献非常小,钱山地热的热源主要来自壳源深部地热。本研究可为武功山地区地热资源成因及合理开发利用等提供重要的启示。

上海市崇明区不同类型河道浮游植物群落结构特征的对比研究

于2020年对崇明区5种类型河道进行季度调查,探究不同类型河道浮游植物群落结构特征的异同,利用冗余分析(RDA)研究环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响,并对不同类型河道进行水质评价,以期为崇明区河道治理提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:2020年崇明区河道共鉴定出浮游植物243种,镇级以上河道种类最多,为175种,水动力断面河道种类最少,为96种。5种类型河道的浮游植物优势种虽有不同,但均以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)占优势。三查三访河道生物密度最大,为2.49×10^(7)个/L,水动力断面河道生物密度最小,为4.78×10^(6)个/L;1864黑臭河道生物量最大,为6.21 mg/L,水动力断面河道生物量最小,为2.07 mg/L。RDA结果显示:水动力断面河道、三查三访河道浮游植物主要受总磷(TP)的影响,村级河道主要受TP、溶解氧(DO)和水温(WT)的影响,镇级以上河道主要受DO、WT和pH的影响,而1864黑臭河道的影响因素较为复杂。综合水体营养状况得出5种类型河道中水动力断面河道和镇级以上河道水质最佳,其次是1864黑臭河道与村级河道,三查三访河道最差。

农田土壤理化参数快速获取技术研究进展与展望

[目的/意义]土壤是农业基本的生产资料,其质量与农业高效生产和可持续发展密切相关。由于以往对农田的高强度利用以及土壤侵蚀等原因,导致部分农田出现土壤有机质明显下降、地力减弱和生态功能退化等现象。土壤理化参数作为揭示土壤空间特征、评估土壤肥力的关键指标,对农田可持续利用起着至关重要的作用。因此,土壤理化参数信息的快速获取极为必要。[进展]探讨了农田土壤理化参数获取技术的研究意义,总结了当前用于农田土壤理化参数信息获取的主要技术,包括以电化学分析和光谱分析为主的实验室快速检验技术,以电磁感应、探地雷达、多光谱、高光谱和热红外为主的近地快速感知技术,以直接反演法、间接反演法和结合分析法为主的卫星遥感技术,以及近年的新型快速获取技术,如生物传感、环境磁学、太赫兹光谱和伽马能谱等,梳理了各方法的优缺点及适用情况。[结论/展望]结合农田环境的作业需求,依据未来研究的侧重方向提出发展建议,包括开发便携化、智能化和经济型的近地土壤信息获取系统及设备,实现土壤信息的原位快速检测。优化低空土壤信息获取平台的性能,完善数据的解译方法;联合多因素构建卫星遥感反演模型,利用多种共享开放的云计算平台实现数据的深度挖掘。深入探索多源数据融合在土壤理化参数信息获取中的研究与应用,构建泛化能力强、可靠性高的土壤信息感知算法和模型等,从而实现土壤理化参数信息快速、精准和智能化获取。

白附子标准汤剂的物性参数与化学成分相关性研究

目的 探究白附子标准汤剂的物性参数与其化学成分之间的相关性并建立模型,以期用物性参数指征内在化学成分,为实现标准汤剂的快速质量评价提供参考。方法 制备白附子生品及炮制品的标准汤剂,测定其物性参数(相对密度、pH值、氧化值),紫外分光光度法测定淀粉、总多糖、总黄酮的含量,高效液相色谱法测定核苷类成分及有机酸类成分的含量,采用熵权TOPSIS客观赋权法建立多指标综合评分,利用SPSS 21.0软件对白附子标准汤剂的物性参数、化学成分及综合评分进行相关性分析,并建立相应的回归模型。结果 相关性分析显示白附子标准汤剂物性参数与化学成分呈显著相关,其中pH值和相对密度是与内在化学成分最为关联的两个物性参数;综合评分与相对密度呈显著负相关,与pH值、氧化值均呈显著正相关;回归分析所建立的模型,拟合度均较高,模型有效。结论 研究对白附子标准汤剂的物性参数和大、小分子成分含量进行综合考察,其物性参数与化学成分呈显著相关,建立的回归模型拟合度均较高,表明以物性参数指征内在化学成分具有可行性,可为实现白附子标准汤剂的快速质量评价与控制提供一定的参考依据。

新疆薰衣草蜂蜜品质及挥发性成分分析

为研究中国新疆薰衣草蜂蜜的品质和风味特性,采用现有标准方法对薰衣草蜂蜜的理化指标(水分、酸度、淀粉酶值、5-羟甲基糠醛、还原糖、蔗糖)进行测定,同时利用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)-气相色谱质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对薰衣草蜂蜜的挥发性成分进行测定。通过对理化指标和挥发性成分进行分析,研究结果表明,21批新疆产区薰衣草蜂蜜样品的水分含量为14.4%~20.7%,酸度为11.4~39.3 mL/kg,淀粉酶值为4.2~27.7 mL/(g·h),5-羟甲基糠醛含量为1.6~12.0 mg/kg,还原糖含量为65.5%~75.0%,蔗糖含量为0.1%~5.8%,其中4批次蜂蜜样品蔗糖含量超过我国国家标准的要求(低于5%),但符合国际食品法典委员会标准的规定(低于15%),其他各项指标均符合国家和行业标准要求。新疆产区薰衣草蜂蜜中共发现挥发性物质75种,主要包括醇类(54.2%)、醛类(32.5%)和酸类(6.1%)等,含量较高的物质为正己醇(26.0%)、苯乙醛(20.0%)和正庚醇(13.1%)等。通过与现有文献中油菜蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜂蜜挥发性成分数据的比对,发现庚醛和己醛含量显著高于其余蜜源植物蜂蜜,同时,正庚醇和正己醇仅在薰衣草蜂蜜中被检出,综上,正庚醇、正己醇、庚醛和己醛可以作为新疆薰衣草蜂蜜的特征挥发性成分。

Physico-Chemical Assessment of Euphrates Riverbetween Heet and Ramadi Cities, Iraq

The physico-chemical parameters of Euphrates River water were studied between Heet and Ramadi cities during November 2008 to June 2009. Water were samples collected from eleven stations and analyzed for Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TSS), pH, Total dissolved salts (TDS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Sulphate, Phosphate, Bicarbonates, Chloride, Nitrate and Total hardness. The observed values of these physico-chemical parameters were compared with WHO standards. Some parameters (Turbidity, TSS, TDS, BOD, Calcium, Sodium and Total hardness) exceeded the permissible limits of WHO standards, while other parameters were within the permissible limits. Statistical studies have been carried out by calculating correlation coefficients between different pairs of parameters. Monthly and spatial variations of physico-chemical parameters were investigated.

Diagnosis of Physical and Biological Controls on Phytoplankton Distribution in the Sargasso Sea

The linkage between physical and biological processes is studied by applying a one-dimensional physical-biological coupled model to the Sargasso Sea. The physical model is the Princeton Ocean Model and the biological model is a five-component system including phytoplankton, zooplankton, nitrate, ammonium, and detritus. The coupling between the physical and biological model is accomplished through vertical mixing which is parameterized by the level 2.5 Mellor and Yamada turbulence closure scheme. The coupled model investigates the annual cycle of ecosystem production and the response to external forcing, such as heat flux, wind stress, and surface salinity, and the relative importance of physical processes in affecting the ecosystem. Sensitivity experiments are also carried out, which provide information on how the model bio-chemical parameters affect the biological system. The computed seasonal cycles compare reasonably well with the observations of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study(BATS). The spring bloom of phytoplankton occurs in March and April, right after the weakening of the winter mixing and before the establishment of the summer stratification. The bloom of zooplankton occurs about two weeks after the bloom of phytoplankton. The sensitivity experiments show that zooplankton is more sensitive to the variations of biochemical parameters than phytoplankton.

2011-2018年兴凯湖水体物理和化学指标监测数据集

兴凯湖是中俄最大的界湖,其水环境质量与跨地区生态安全密切相关。本数据集整理了2011–2018年5月份和9月份黑龙江兴凯湖湖泊湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的10个常规监测点水质的理化指标数据,包括4项物理指标(水温、p H值、电导率、矿化度)15项化学指标(钠离子、总氮、总磷及化学需氧量等)。所获得数据从样品采集、样品保存与运输及室内分析过程严格采用了国家标准规范和质量控制体系,可以为兴凯湖水质的动态变化过程提供信息。本数据集可以为兴凯湖区域地表水文过程与湿地结构功能关系研究、流域综合治理及中俄流域生态安全保障方面提供基础数据支撑。

2型糖尿病四诊客观参数与理化指标、慢性并发症的关联研究

目的采用典型相关分析法(Canonical correlation analysis,CCA)分析2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)四诊客观参数与理化指标、慢性并发症的相关性。探寻可反映2型糖尿病患者理化指标、慢性并发症的四诊客观参数。方法应用中医生命信息分析系统及问诊信息量表采集、提取2型糖尿病患者四诊客观信息。应用CCA探讨四诊客观参数与2型糖尿病的理化指标以及慢性并发症的相关性。结果T2DM患者整体舌色参数RGB、整体面色参数RGB、脉图时域参数h_(1)、h_(3)、As与空腹血糖变化、血压升高及冠心病并发的相关性较为密切。结论在2型糖尿病动态发展过程中,患者的整体舌色参数RGB、整体面色参数RGB、脉图时域参数h1、h3、As对于空腹血糖变化及高血压、冠心病发生具有一定的提示作用。

石灰对苹果园土壤改良和植株生长的影响

为研究石灰对提高苹果产量与品质的影响,在施用有机肥的基础上分别施用0(CK)、4500、6000和7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰,研究不同处理下土壤的理化性质及苹果的产量和品质。结果表明,施用石灰能较好地改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤养分离子的有效性,改善土壤养分供应状况。其中,施加7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰处理效果最好,土壤pH和土壤碱解氮含量较CK显著增加,0—20和20—40 cm土层碱解氮含量分别提升100.8%和163.3%。施用石灰可明显提高苹果树叶片光合作用和荧光参数,在7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰处理后叶片净光合速率提高69.7%,最大荧光值、可变荧光值和PIabs分别提升8.6%、9.8%和14.7%。综上所述,在施用有机肥基础上配施石灰改良土壤,能够改善果树生长环境,促进苹果树对养分的吸收。

Groundwater Quality Assessment in Pul-e-Charkhi Region,Kabul,Afghanistan

We present the results of studies conducted on the assessment of groundwater quality observed on several water samples taken from water supply sources in the Pul-e-Charkhi region,which is located near the eastern part of Kabul and has seen steady growth in population after the U.S.completed its withdrawal from Afghanistan on 30 August 2021.The water in the basin serves as the main source of water supply and it consists of water discharge from nearby local industries,automobile repair and wash,Osman House,Gradation Place,International Standards Region,and many other regional sources that create a mix of contaminants in discharge to the basin.We collected several samples from each groundwater source for this investigation and transported them carefully to the research laboratory,maintaining the integrity of the samples.The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality for the determination of contaminants in groundwater to see what limitations it may pose for recycling and reuse.Such a study is necessary since the region requires persistent sources of water due to a steady increase in population and an associated shortage of water supply due to arid conditions.Furthermore,there is unavailability of similar data since the region served to support military operations since 2001.The samples were analyzed for temperature,electro-conductivity,dissolved oxygen,total dissolved solids,salinity,pH,color,turbidity,hardness,chemicals,and heavy metals.The results obtained suggest that the parameters can be used efficiently to design filtration strategies based on region-specific contamination for the specific catchments located in and around the Kabul Basin.An effort to add additional characterization techniques is described to detect micro/nano plastics and new and emerging contaminants.The efforts reported here are consistent with the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.

我国6个籼稻主产省93份水稻样品品质性状分析

以我国6个籼稻主产省的93份样品为研究对象,测定了加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质、蛋白质含量、RVA谱特征值以及米饭食味值。结果表明,所测定的22项品质指标中,15项指标的变异系数大于10%,说明收集的样品范围比较广,处于不同的品质水平,具有较好的代表性;垩白粒率、垩白度的测定值变幅较大,分别为1.0%~68.5%、0.3%~31.7%,且变异系数相对较高,分别为57.56%、73.25%,说明不同省份不同籼稻品种间的外观品质差异较大,尤其是垩白性状,已成为影响籼稻品质的一个重要因素。各指标间的相关性分析结果表明,垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量均与食味值呈显著负相关,胶稠度、长宽比与食味值呈极显著正相关,热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、回复值、消减值与食味值呈极显著负相关,崩解值与食味值呈极显著正相关。直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和碱消值与RVA谱主要参数相关性较高。主成分分析表明,RVA特征值、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、外观是影响籼稻食味品质特征的重要因素。

成熟期芒果阴阳叶光合速率对生理生化参数响应差异研究

通过比较成熟期芒果阴阳叶生理生化参数及光合性状的差异,旨在对芒果生长过程模拟提供支持,从而为芒果产量提高提供科学的依据。采用Li6800离体测量芒果叶片光响应曲线和二氧化碳响应曲线。分光光度法测定芒果叶片叶绿素。于每天日出前分别取向阳的叶片为阳叶,取冠层底部接受太阳光较少的叶片为阴叶。采集芒果树枝条后分别标记阴阳叶。在暗室中完成光响应曲线和二氧化碳响应曲线测量后摘下叶片,测量叶片的等效水厚度(EWT)、干物质含量(LMA)等参数。之后对芒果叶片阴阳叶生理生化参数进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析。对影响芒果最大净光合速率进行通径分析。芒果阴阳叶生理生化参数单因素方差分析结果表明,芒果阴阳叶中P<0.05为LMA、叶绿素a(Chl_(a))、叶绿素b(Chl_(b))、叶绿素(Chl_(ab))。比较发现阴叶的Chl_(a)、Chl_(b)、Chl_(ab)较高,阳叶的LMA含量较高。分别对阴阳叶进行主成分分析结果表明:对阳叶的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))的主要影响因素为LMA、最大羧化速率(V_(cmax))、最大电子传递速率(J max)、EWT。对阴叶的P_(nmax)的主要影响因素为EWT、LMA、Chl_(a)、Chl_(b)、Chl_(ab)、V_(cmax)、J max。为了进一步得出芒果阴阳叶各主要影响因素对芒果叶片P_(nmax)的影响程度和差异性。对芒果阴阳叶各主要影响因素进行通径分析结果表明:对芒果阳叶通径作用最大为EWT、LMA其总通径系数分别为0.06、0.16。而对阴叶的通径作用最大为LMA其总通径系数为0.07。芒果阴叶含有较高的叶片色素,而影响P_(nmax)主要因素且作用最大仅为LMA。芒果阳叶含叶片色素含量低于阴叶,LMA、EWT是影响P_(nmax)主要因素。LMA与芒果阴阳叶的影响作用均呈现正相关关系。

大孔吸附树脂研究进展

通过查阅国内外文献,对大孔吸附树脂物理参数研究、化学参数研究及其国内外生产、应用情况等进行了归纳总结。物理参数研究部分主要包括孔结构参数测定方法的综述,化学参数研究部分主要包括有机残留物的测定方法综述,应用研究部分主要对其在药物分离纯化方面进行了总结。大孔吸附树脂在中药化学成分的研究、新药研制及生产方面,突显出其分离纯化效能的优越性,在药学领域具有极其广泛的应用前景,但国产大孔吸附树脂品种性能及应用研究尚存在一些不足,制定大孔吸附树脂质量标准及其在中药制药中的应用技术规范,使其研究和生产应用达到规范化十分必要。

城市生活垃圾堆肥过程中腐熟度指标及控制参数

以日处理400t经马家楼筛分处理后的15～60mm生活垃圾的北京南宫堆肥厂垃圾堆肥过程为研究对象，对堆肥过程中垃圾的理化性质、腐熟度指标与控制参数进行了研究。结果表明，堆肥过程中水分含量是下降的；不同季节堆肥pH值的总体变化均呈上升趋势；电导率（EC）降到了作物受抑制的限定值以下，不会对作物产生盐分毒害；堆肥水浸提的腐殖酸E4／E6值随着垃圾堆肥腐熟度升高呈增加趋势；24h和96h的发芽率指数（GI）表明垃圾堆肥时间可以从8周缩短到5周；有机碳、总氮和C／N比随着堆肥时间的增加均呈下降趋势；C／N比与E4／E6值和GI（24h和96h）值呈显著负相关关系，EC值与E4／E6值和GI（24h和96h）值呈极显著负相关，而E4／E6值与GI（24h和96h）值呈极显著正相关。