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Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries
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作者 Yiding Li Li Wang +3 位作者 Youzhi Song Wenwei Wang Cheng Lin Xiangming He 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期268-308,共41页
The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal st... The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life. 展开更多
关键词 Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic
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Some of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Graff River in Kut City, Iraq
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作者 Salih Mahdi Ali Imad Kazem Ali 《Open Journal of Modern Hydrology》 CAS 2024年第1期56-67,共12页
Some of the chemical and physical water qualities of the Graff River in the city of Kut were studied, and for two sites of the river, One was at the Crimea site, the other in the Jihad district, and for the period fro... Some of the chemical and physical water qualities of the Graff River in the city of Kut were studied, and for two sites of the river, One was at the Crimea site, the other in the Jihad district, and for the period from October/2018 to March/2019, Seven variables of river water have been analyzed: temperature PH, electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, alkaline, and chloride. The results showed that most of the chemical and physical water properties of the river were in normal proportions and did not rise, except for the turbidity, which was at a very high level, and that the pH values were close to the basal side. The results of the statistical analysis revealed positive significant relationships between the pH and (chloride and TDS). On the other hand, between electrical conductivity and both previous variables as well. And a negative significant connection between temperature and alkaline. 展开更多
关键词 Graff River Kut City Iraq chemical Characteristics physical Characteristics
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Horns Sheaths Particles for the Manufacture of Composite Materials
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作者 Tawe Laynde Zakari Yaou +2 位作者 Karga Tapsia Lionel Konai Noel Danwe Raidandi 《Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering》 2024年第5期1-9,共9页
Salvaged cow horns from slaughterhouses have been transformed into fine particles for a physical characterization that has led us to determine the humidity rate (2.34% ± 0.054%), the actual density situated betwe... Salvaged cow horns from slaughterhouses have been transformed into fine particles for a physical characterization that has led us to determine the humidity rate (2.34% ± 0.054%), the actual density situated between 0.586 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 0.732 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the swelling rate (12%), and one chemical characterization that permitted us to determine the rate of dry matters (97.05%), of mineral matters (2.5%), of protein matters (94.52%). From these weak values, it can easily be seen that cow horn case doesn’t absorb much water and improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite;the high rate of protein shows that keratin which is the structural molecule favors its gripping as reinforcing element in the manufacturing of composite materials. 展开更多
关键词 HORNS Fibers Polymer Loads physical Properties chemical Composition
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Rainfall-triggered waste dump instability analysis based on surface 3D deformation in physical model test
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作者 LI Hanlin JIN Xiaoguang +2 位作者 HE Jie XUE Yunchuan YANG Zhongping 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1549-1563,共15页
Landslide is the second largest natural disaster after earthquake. It is of significance to study the evolution laws and failure mechanism of landslides based on its surface 3D deformation information. Based on the ra... Landslide is the second largest natural disaster after earthquake. It is of significance to study the evolution laws and failure mechanism of landslides based on its surface 3D deformation information. Based on the rainfall-triggered waste dump instability model test, we studied the failure mechanisms of the waste dump by integrating surface deformation and internal slope stress and proposed novel parameters for identifying landslide stability. We developed a noncontact measurement device, which can obtain millimeter-level 3D deformation data for surface scene in physical model test;Then we developed the similar materials and established a test model for a waste dump. Based on the failure characteristics of slope surface, internal stress of slope body and displacement contours during the whole process, we divided the slope instability process in model test into four stages: rainfall infiltration and surface erosion, shallow sliding, deep sliding, and overall instability. Based on the obtained surface deformation data, we calculated the volume change during slope instability process and compared it with the point displacement on slope surface. The results showed that the volume change can not only reflect the slow-ultra acceleration process of slope failure, but also fully reflect the above four stages and reduce the fluctuations caused by random factors. Finally, this paper proposed two stability identification parameters: the volume change rate above the slip surface and the relative velocity of volume change rate. According to the calculation of these two parameters in model test, they can be used for study the deformation and failure mechanism of slope stability. 展开更多
关键词 Waste dump stability physical model test Surface 3D deformation Stability identification
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Physical model test and application of 3D printing rock-like specimens to laminated rock tunnels
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作者 Yun Tian Weizhong Chen +3 位作者 Hongming Tian Xiaoyun Shu Linkai He Man Huang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第11期4625-4637,共13页
Weak structural plane deformation is responsible for the non-uniform large deformation disasters in layered rock tunnels,resulting in steel arch distortion and secondary lining cracking.In this study,a servo biaxial t... Weak structural plane deformation is responsible for the non-uniform large deformation disasters in layered rock tunnels,resulting in steel arch distortion and secondary lining cracking.In this study,a servo biaxial testing system was employed to conduct physical modeling tests on layered rock tunnels with bedding planes of varying dip angles.The influence of structural anisotropy in layered rocks on the micro displacement and strain field of surrounding rocks was analyzed using digital image correlation(DIC)technology.The spatiotemporal evolution of non-uniform deformation of surrounding rocks was investigated,and numerical simulation was performed to verify the experimental results.The findings indicate that the displacement and strain field of the surrounding layered rocks are all maximized at the horizontal bedding planes and decrease linearly with the increasing dip angle.The failure of the layered surrounding rock with different dip angles occurs and extends along the bedding planes.Compressive strain failure occurs after excavation under high horizontal stress.This study provides significant theoretical support for the analysis,prediction,and control of non-uniform deformation of tunnel surrounding rocks. 展开更多
关键词 Bedding plane Three-dimensional(3D)printing physical model test Non-uniform deformation Digital imaging correlation(DIC)
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Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical and Biological Water Quality Upstream and Downstream of the Manantali Dam and Hydropower Plant from 2019 to 2023
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作者 Joseph Mbeur Faye Saïdou Ndao Louis Eugène Victor Sambou 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2024年第10期111-131,共21页
The comparative study is designed to monitor the physico-chemical and biological quality of the water upstream and downstream of the Manantali hydroelectric dam. The physico-chemical parameters are sampled at 3 measur... The comparative study is designed to monitor the physico-chemical and biological quality of the water upstream and downstream of the Manantali hydroelectric dam. The physico-chemical parameters are sampled at 3 measuring points located at Station 1 of the dam’s reservoir, immediately downstream of the dam and hydroelectric power station at the level of the damping basin, and at the Bafing-Bakoye confluence at Bafoulabe (Bafing side), the biological parameter (ichthyological fauna) is characterized by ichthyological inventories of landings in the various fishing camps around the reservoir and at the Mahina market (Bafing side). The study assesses the environmental impact of hydroelectric structures and facilities on the physico-chemical and biological quality of the water. Physical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity and chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium, iron, silica and phosphorus are measured in order to identify the various variations existing between the different measurement points. Analysis of the values obtained shows very high similarities between the various measuring points, and most parameters comply with WHO standards, with the exception of turbidity, manganese, hydrogen sulfide and iron. These data attest to good water quality, allowing normal development of flora and fauna with a low level of degradation. Comparative analysis of the ichthyological fauna shows the existence of 34 species of fish belonging to 11 families at the fishing camps around the Manantali dam reservoir, and 37 species belonging to 12 families at Mahina on the Bafing River. At Mahina on the Bafing, the specific composition of the catches is characterized by the presence of the Claroteidae family and four species (Alestes sp., Brycinus leuciscus, Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Distichodus engycephalus) not recorded at the camps. In contrast, all the fish families recorded in the camps are present in Mahina, and only one species (Hydrocynus brevis) is absent from the Mahina landings. The difference in species richness could be explained by the upwelling of some fish from the Bakoye to the Bafing at the confluence. The Shannon diversity index of 4.07 at Mahina is higher than the 2.98 recorded at camp level, and the equitability index of 0.78 at Mahina and 0.58 at the camp level indicate average diversity and the non-dominance of one species over the others. The diversification index values of 3.09 and 3.08 at camp level and Mahina respectively show that the number of theoretical habitats is three. 展开更多
关键词 Manantali Dam physical Parameters chemical Parameters Fish Fauna
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Assessment of the Variations in Soil Physicochemical Parameters of the Natural Forest and Plantations in Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
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作者 Maureen Chinwe Odachi Nwabueze Ikenna Igu Ifeanyi Chris Onwuadiochi 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2024年第10期132-151,共20页
Soil physicochemical parameters are the physical and chemical characteristics of soil such as pH, bulk density, organic carbon, nitrogen content, and nutrient levels at different soil depths. These parameters vary fro... Soil physicochemical parameters are the physical and chemical characteristics of soil such as pH, bulk density, organic carbon, nitrogen content, and nutrient levels at different soil depths. These parameters vary from one vegetation to the other and from one soil to the other. The study assessed the variations in soil physicochemical parameters of the natural forest and plantations in Agu Eke (Eke bush) in Etti village, Nanka and Umunnebo village, Ufuma both located in Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State. The experimental research design and stratified random sampling methods were used for the study and a total of 12 soil samples were collected at 30 cm depth from the selected locations of natural forest, cashew and palm plantations. The samples were analyzed using laboratory Varian AA240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, after which the result was subjected to statistical analysis—Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study found that there was no significant difference (variation) between the moisture contents of natural forests and the plantations;that is, the moisture contents were the same. It was also found that there was no significant variation between the bulk densities of the natural forest, oil plantation, and cashew plantation, meaning that the bulk densities were significantly the same. However, there were significant variations in nitrogen, potassium and phosphates, with p-values: sig = .000 < .05, sig = .010 < .05 and sig = .000 < .05, respectively. That is, the nitrogen and phosphate contents of the natural forest significantly vary more than those of the oil palm and cashew plantations, which probably means that by reducing natural forest to plantation, the nitrogen and phosphate contents of the natural forest reduced from what it used to be when the lands were mere forests. This shows that plantations do not have the same function of maintaining or improving soil quality as natural forests. The study recommended adopting a sustainable plantation agricultural system, such as using diverse nutrient sources (manure and compost), in order to maintain the desired soil quality. 展开更多
关键词 ECOSYSTEM Land Use Change Soil Quality physical and chemical Characteristics
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GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties as a Basis for Land Reclamation in Toshka Area, Aswan, EGYPT
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作者 Ahmed A. M. Awad Mostafa M. A. Al-Soghir 《Open Journal of Geology》 2023年第7期697-719,共23页
The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the... The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the chemical and fertility index for assisting land reclamation in Toshka area. The Toshka area is located between latitudes 31°32'N and 31°36'N and longitudes 32°40'E and 32°60'E. GIS was used to select 16 sites. The results revealed the soil has undesirable characteristics. The soil pH ranged from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Furthermore, it was characterized as saline (with a ECe of 4.65 - 11.45 dS⋅m<sup>−1</sup>) and moderately calcareous soil (with CaCO<sub>3</sub> at 11.85% - 17.20%). The soil had a low soil organic matter content which did not exceed 0.18%. The soil was dominated by a sandy loam texture (62.50%) followed by a sandy clay loam texture (18.75%). The bulk density, total soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity values varied with 1.38 - 1.55 Mg⋅cm<sup>−3</sup>, 41.85% - 48.45% and 1.20 - 3.34 cm⋅h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The chemical index ranged from low to moderate quality. The correlations between the parameters osculated between negative and positive. Therefore, the soil may be reclaimed if the soil properties are improved and crop selection is optimized for this soil. 展开更多
关键词 Land Reclamation Soil chemical and physical Properties chemical Quality Index Fertility Quality Index
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Changing Rules of Physical and Chemical Properties of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. Forest at Different Ages in Southwest Yunnan Province 被引量:5
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作者 赵筱青 丁宁 闫平 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第6期1298-1302,共5页
[Objective] The aim was to study on changing rules of physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. forest at different ages in Southwest of Yunnan Province. [Method] In the research, field survey and ... [Objective] The aim was to study on changing rules of physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. forest at different ages in Southwest of Yunnan Province. [Method] In the research, field survey and laboratory analysis were adopted to study on physical and chemical properties of soils for the Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. at the first cutting ages in Lancang County. [Result] With the increasing of forest ages, for physical properties of soils, soil bulk density was increasing, and soil structure became poor; water contents in soils and capillary porosity were improving, but total soil porosity and non-capillary porosity were decreasing. For chemical properties, pH of soil dropped, but soil acidity improved; organic matter, total N, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium all declined; exchangeable Ca and Mg were improving due to fertilization and Ca and Mg lower consumption. The results showed that plays important roles in water absorption of soils and vegetation growth were improved with age increase by Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. forest, but ventilation and fertility declined accordingly. [Conclusion] The research indicated that dry branches and fallen leaves should be preserved and nutrient cycling should be protected during introduction and management of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. to guarantee the nutrients in dry branches and leaves are back to soils, providing theoretical references for management of forest plantation and environment protection. 展开更多
关键词 Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. physical and chemical properties Soil fertility Lancang County
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Physical and mechanical properties and microstructures of submarine soils in the Yellow Sea 被引量:1
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作者 Zhuangcai Tian Yihua Chang +6 位作者 Sichao Chen Gengchen Wang Yanhong Hu Chuan Guo Lei Jia Lei Song Jianhua Yue 《Deep Underground Science and Engineering》 2024年第2期197-206,共10页
In recent years,the exploration of seabed has been intensified,but the submarine soils of silt and sand in the Yellow Sea area have not been well investigated so far.In this study,the physical and mechanical propertie... In recent years,the exploration of seabed has been intensified,but the submarine soils of silt and sand in the Yellow Sea area have not been well investigated so far.In this study,the physical and mechanical properties of silt and sand from the Yellow Sea were measured using a direct shear apparatus and their microstructures were observed using a scanning electron microscope.The test results suggest that the shear strength of silt and sand increases linearly with the increase of normal stress.Based on the direct shear test,the scanning electron microscope was used to observe the section surface of sand.It is observed that the section surface becomes rough,with many“V”‐shaped cracks.Many particles appear on the surface of the silt structure and tend to be disintegrated.The X‐ray diffraction experiment reveals that the sand and silt have different compositions.The shear strength of sand is slightly greater than that of silt under high stress,which is related to the shape of soil particles and the mineral composition.These results can be a reference for further study of other soils in the Yellow Sea;meanwhile,they can serve as soil parameters for the stability and durability analyses of offshore infrastructure construction. 展开更多
关键词 direct shear test MICROSCOPE physical properties submarine soil Yellow Sea
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Changing Rule of Physical and Chemical Indicators of Sediment in Tilapia Aquaculture Ponds
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作者 裘丽萍 李志波 +4 位作者 宋超 张聪 郑尧 孙博 陈家长 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第3期690-693,699,共5页
To provide basic information for studying balancing mechanism of nutrition environment in aquaculture ponds, sediment samples were collected periodically during the breeding process of tilapia in ponds. Then various t... To provide basic information for studying balancing mechanism of nutrition environment in aquaculture ponds, sediment samples were collected periodically during the breeding process of tilapia in ponds. Then various types of nutrient content of the samples were detected and the changing rule was summarized. The results showed that dry weight of the sediment and content of TP, TN and TOC generally presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The main production period of each nutrient was from July to September and the production percentage was close to 80% of the total production. The content of NH4^+-N increased gradually and reached a peak in early August, then maintained at the peak level. NO2^--N content of the sediment in each pond was basically the same in the earlier aquaculture stage and decreased in middle stage with a big difference, then rose again in the later stage. 展开更多
关键词 TILAPIA SEDIMENT physical and chemical indicators Changing rule
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Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Five Subtropical Forests in Lingao of Hainan
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作者 薛杨 宿少锋 +1 位作者 王小燕 林之盼 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第8期1459-1464,共6页
With 5 types of typical forests as research object, the physical and chemical properties of different types of forests were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that: the soil total porosi... With 5 types of typical forests as research object, the physical and chemical properties of different types of forests were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that: the soil total porosity was the highest in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest (46.168%), but the lowest in the Encalyptus robusta forest (39.46%). The soil capillary porosity was the highest in the Acacia mangium forest (22.57%), but the lowest in the secondary forest (18.95%). The soil water content was the highest in the C. equisetifolia forest, with a mean value of 27.85%, but the lowest in the secondary forest, with a mean value of 4.34%. The soil pH values were in the range of 4.81-6.59, the soils in the A. mangium forest, C. equisetifolia forest and E. robusta forest were strongly acidic (pH 4.5-5.5), and the soils in the secondary forest and C. nucifera forest were weakly acidic. The soils had organic matter contents in the range of 0.34-28.68 g/kg, and showed an order of A. mangium forest〉C. equisetifolia forest〉E. robusta forest〉secondary forest〉C. nucifera forest, with a decreasing trend with the soil depth increasing. The soil total N contents were in the range of 0.10-1.63 g/kg, the A. mangium forest showed the highest soil total N contents, while the C. nucifera forest exhibited the lowest soil total N contents; the soil total P contents were in the range of 0.21-1.74 g/kg, and the E. robusta forest had the highest soil total P contents; and the soil total K contents were in the range of 0.16-2.15 g/kg, and the A. mangium forest exhibited the highest soil total K contents. The soil available P contents were in the range of 0.98-132.46 mg/kg; and the secondary forests had the highest soil available P contents; and the soil rapidly available K contents were in the range of 3.03-27.35 mg/kg, and the C. nucifera forest exhibited the highest soil rapidly available K contents. The soil ammonium N contents were in the range of 1.38-5.15 mg/kg, and the nitrate N contents were in the range were in the range of 0.56 -3.51 mg/kg. The A. mangium forest showed the highest soil nitrate N contents (with a mean value of 2.29 mg/kg) and ammonium N contents (with a mean value of 3.93 mg/kg). For the same forest type, with the increase of soil depth, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content also showed a decreasing trend. 展开更多
关键词 Lingao County Coastal platform Different forest types Soil physical and chemical properties COMPARISON
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Research on Physical and Chemical Properties of Corynebacterium glutamicum in Fermentation Process of the Glucose of Wheat Starch
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作者 黄继红 周靖波 欧歌 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2013年第3期516-519,共4页
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical char- acteristic of Corynebacterium glutamicum in fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch. [Method] The purity of glutamic acid in ferm... [Objective] This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical char- acteristic of Corynebacterium glutamicum in fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch. [Method] The purity of glutamic acid in fermentation period, optical density and cell viability of bacteria were detected as indicators for regression com- parison and analysis. [Result] The relative error d=-3.316 6% within the experimental range of Warburg trace breathing apparatus and double function analyzer. The linear relationship was s1=(1-d)s2. During the fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch, the average cell activity was 6.24 μA and the maximum cell activity was 6.61 μA. [Conclusion] Compared with optical density, cell viability can more accurate- ly reflect the physical and chemical properties of Corynebacterium glutamicum in fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch. There was certain correlation between cell membrane phospholipids and cell viability. 展开更多
关键词 Glucose of wheat starch Glutamic acid Cell viability physical and chemical characteristic
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Classification and Distribution of Common Aroma Components in Tobacco Leaf Based on Their Physical and Chemical Properties 被引量:4
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作者 詹军 周芳芳 +6 位作者 朱海滨 高侠飞 毛春堂 王柱石 严君 陈少鹏 张晓龙 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2013年第9期1358-1364,共7页
[Objective] This study was aimed to find a new method for the classification of common aroma components in tobacco leaves. [Method] Sixty-four common aroma components in tobacco leaves were classified by cluster analy... [Objective] This study was aimed to find a new method for the classification of common aroma components in tobacco leaves. [Method] Sixty-four common aroma components in tobacco leaves were classified by cluster analysis based on their relative molecular weight. The contents and distribution of aroma components in another 71 C3F and 64 B2F tobacco leaf samples were analyzed by using the new method. [Result] The 64 common aroma components were divided into three categories trough the cluster analysis based on their molecular weight. CategoryⅠ consisted of 12 aroma components which had high molecular weight(281.308±21.536on average) and high boiling point(371.311±29.904 ℃ on average). Category Ⅱ included 27 components which had low molecular weight(103.722 ± 13.115 on average) and low boiling point(176.132±42.342 ℃ on average). Category Ⅲ included 25components which had middle molecular weight(175.393 ± 24.906 on average) and middle boiling point(250.562±45.431 ℃ on average). The content of high-molecularweight aroma components in middle leaves(547.344±224.391 μg/g) was much higher than that in upper leaves(477.549±182.066 μg/g). The content of low-molecularweight aroma component in middle leaves(17.468±3.459 μg/g) was also significantly higher than that in upper leaves(15.936±3.456 μg/g). The content of middle-molecular-weight aroma component in middle leaves(44.931 ±8.953 μg/g) was extremely significantly higher than that in upper leaves(37.997±6.042 μg/g). [Conclusion] This study proposed a new way to classify the aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves using the relative molecular weight as the index, which will provide theoretical reference for developing special tobacco leaves. 展开更多
关键词 physical and chemical properties Flue-cured tobacco Aroma components Molecular weight Boiling point DENSITY CLASSIFICATION
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Effects of Green Manure Mixed Cropping Patterns on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Economic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco 被引量:4
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作者 陈治锋 邓小华 +2 位作者 周米良 田峰 张明发 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第8期1723-1727,共5页
[Objective] The aim was to clear the suitable green manure cropping pat- terns in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. [Method] 8 treatments were set to study the effects of the monoculture and mixed cropping of common vet... [Objective] The aim was to clear the suitable green manure cropping pat- terns in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. [Method] 8 treatments were set to study the effects of the monoculture and mixed cropping of common vetch (Vicia gigantea Bge.), perennial ryegrass (Lofium) and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) on physi- cal and chemical properties of soil and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] (1) Green manure turnover can reduce soil bulk density by 1.08%-8.62%, and the effect of green manure mixed cropping pattern was the best. (2) Green manure turnover also can increase the soil nutrient, soil organic matter, total nitro- gen (N), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), alkali-hydrolyzale N, rapidly available P and rapidly available K by 1.44%-6.10%, 0.01-0.12 g/kg, 1.89%- 11.32%, 0.12%-3.56%, 1.06%-11.76%, 0.04%-18.93% and 0.98%-23.12%, respec- tively, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best.(3) The overall change of soil pH was not obvious.(4)Green manure turnover can increase the yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best. [Conclusion] The monoculture of common vetch can be generalized in the dry land of Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. 展开更多
关键词 Green manure Mixed cropping Soil physical and chemical properties Economic characters of flue-cured tobacco
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Effect of fire severity on physical and biochemical soil properties in Zagros oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)forests in Iran 被引量:16
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作者 M.Heydari A.Rostamy +1 位作者 F.Najafi D.C.Dey 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期95-104,共10页
Fire affects the physical and chemical properties and soil biological activity of natural ecosystems. This study was conducted in the Miyan Tang region, Ilam Province in western Iran. The study site was 110 hectares, ... Fire affects the physical and chemical properties and soil biological activity of natural ecosystems. This study was conducted in the Miyan Tang region, Ilam Province in western Iran. The study site was 110 hectares, where we sampled soils in areas that were classified by fire severity: low (LS), high (HS) and medium severity (MS), and unburned (UB), which served as the control. In each severity class, 25 transect points were randomly selected for measurement. Around each transect plot center, 3 soil samples were selected randomly and soils collected from the 0 to 20 cm depth were combined into a composite sample that was used in laboratory analysis to represent conditions at that point. Plots in the UB and LS fire classes had similar soil conditions and had higher values of factors such as saturated moisture, organic carbon, carbon dioxide, and silt and clay content. In contrast, plots in the HS and MS fire severity classes were clustered in the positive direction along the first axis that represented gradients in soil acidity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, accessible phosphorus, accessible potassium, bulk density, and sand. Soil attributes were similar in areas of HS and MS fire severity classes, whereas soil conditions in the LS class and UB controls were most similar. Fire in the LS areas either did not significantly alter the physicalchemical soil properties and microbial basal respiration, or soils were able to recover quickly after being burned. 展开更多
关键词 Fire severity OAK Soil respiration physical and chemical soil properties
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Recent progress on confinement of polysulfides through physical andchemical methods 被引量:8
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作者 Sheng-Yi Li Wen-Peng Wang +1 位作者 Hui Duan Yu-Guo Guo 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第6期1555-1565,共11页
With high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of S, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries areconsidered to be the promising next generation high-energy rechargeable energy storage devices. How-ever, issue... With high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of S, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries areconsidered to be the promising next generation high-energy rechargeable energy storage devices. How-ever, issues including electronical insulation of S, the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) dissolution and the shortcycle lifespan have prevented Li-S batteries from being practical applied. Feasible settlements of confiningLiPSs to reduce the loss of active substances and improve the cycle stability include wrapping sulfur withcompact layers, designing matrix with porous or hollow structures, adding adsorbents owning stronginteraction with sulfur and inserting polysulfide barriers between cathodes and separators. This reviewcategorizes them into physical and chemical confinements according to the influencing mechanism. Withfurther discussion of their merits and flaws, synergy of the physical and chemical confinement is believedto be the feasible avenue that can guide Li-S batteries to the practical application. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-sulfur batteries Confinement of potysulfides physical structure design chemical bonding Shuttle effect
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Separator coatings as efficient physical and chemical hosts of polysulfides for high-sulfur-loaded rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries 被引量:4
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作者 Masud Rana Ming Li +4 位作者 Qiu He Bin Luo Lianzhou Wang Ian Gentle Ruth Knibbe 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第5期51-60,共10页
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are promising alternative energy storage devices to the commercial lithium-ion batteries.However,the LSBs have several limitations including the low electronic conductivity of sulfur(5... Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are promising alternative energy storage devices to the commercial lithium-ion batteries.However,the LSBs have several limitations including the low electronic conductivity of sulfur(5×10^-30S cm^-1),associated lithium polysulfides(PSs),and their migration from the cathode to the anode.In this study,a separator coated with a Ketjen black(KB)/Nafion composite was used in an LSB with a sulfur loading up to 7.88 mg cm^-2to mitigate the PS migration.A minimum specific capacity(Cs)loss of 0.06%was obtained at 0.2 C-rate at a high sulfur loading of 4.39 mg cm^-2.Furthermore,an initial areal capacity up to 6.70 mAh cm^-2 was obtained at a sulfur loading of 7.88 mg cm^-2.The low Cs loss and high areal capacity associated with the high sulfur loading are attributed to the large surface area of the KB and sulfonate group(SO3^-)of Nafion,respectively,which could physically and chemically trap the PSs. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-sulfur battery SEPARATOR coating physical and chemical confinement Self-discharge HIGH SULFUR loading Specific capacity loss HIGH areal capacity
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Overview of Physical and Chemical, Operational Properties of Nitrous Oxide Used as a Propellant for Low-thrust Rocket Engines 被引量:2
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作者 A.A.Boryaev 《火炸药学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第1期17-31,I0001,共16页
The results of a system analysis of the efficiency of nitrous oxide(N_2O) as a propellant component for small space vehicles(SSV) were presented. A criterion for mass efficiency of the SSV propulsion system(PS) is det... The results of a system analysis of the efficiency of nitrous oxide(N_2O) as a propellant component for small space vehicles(SSV) were presented. A criterion for mass efficiency of the SSV propulsion system(PS) is determined. The current global state-of-the-art of SSV PSs is shown. The application field of nitrous oxide in SSV PSs is calculated and mass efficiency of N_2O application is quantitatively determined. An overview of physical and chemical as well as operational properties of nitrous oxide as a promising, non-toxic component of rocket propellant is provided. Main physical and chemical constants of gaseous and liquid nitrous oxide; chemical properties of N_2O, thermal stability of N_2O, catalytic decomposition of N_2O, a mechanism of decomposition of N_2O, catalysts for decomposition of N_2O, ballast additives to N_2O, application of nitrous oxide, nitrous oxide as a rocket propellant, production of nitrous oxide, toxicity of nitrous oxide, fire hazard of N_2O, requirements to equipment when handling N_2O; storage and transportation of N_2O are considered. It is demonstrated that nitrous oxide is a chemical compound meeting the requirements to rocket propellants, including those related to the environmental friendliness of propellants. With 75 references. 展开更多
关键词 ROCKET PROPELLANT nitrous oxide physical and chemical properties
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Calcium sulfate whisker prepared by flue gas desulfurization gypsum:A physical–chemical coupling production process 被引量:12
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作者 Jing Gao Qiang Li Fuli Liu 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第8期2221-2226,共6页
In this paper,the solid waste desulfurization gypsum produced by coal-fired power plants was used as a raw material to prepare calcium sulfate whiskers with high application prospects.Calcium sulfate whiskers with uni... In this paper,the solid waste desulfurization gypsum produced by coal-fired power plants was used as a raw material to prepare calcium sulfate whiskers with high application prospects.Calcium sulfate whiskers with uniform morphology and high aspect ratio can be prepared by hydrothermal method in sulfuric acid solution.A new process of desulfurization gypsum activated by high-energy grinding to reduce the reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration was developed.Through the comparison of product morphology,the best grinding time was determined to be 3.5 h.The mechanism of desulfurization gypsum through physical–chemical coupling to reduce energy consumption was clarified.The activation of desulfurization gypsum by grinding and the acidic environment provided by the sulfuric acid solution made the calcium sulfate solution reached rapid saturation and accelerated the nucleation rate.By calculating the conversion and crystallization rate of calcium sulfate whiskers,it was found that there were obvious"autocatalytic"kinetic characteristics during the crystallization process. 展开更多
关键词 Flue gas desulfurization gypsum Calcium sulfate whiskers Crystallization kinetic physicalchemical coupling
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