Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression and the Role of Physician-Patient Relationship: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) challenges health and quality of life of patients, families, and communities. Patients with comorbid depression are more likely to develop macrovascular and microvascular complications. The aim was to assess glycemic control and adherence in diabetic patients with comorbid depression. Further, the study evaluated the relationship between adherence and the physician-patient relationship. Methods: The study was conducted at Al-Agouza Family Medicine Center (AFMC) between February 2018 and March 2020. The included patients were between 35 - 80 years of age;had type 2 diabetes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, and scored between 11 - 30 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Logistic regression, chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the relationship between depression, adherence, physician-patient relationship, and other variables. Results: The study included 100 eligible patients with a median BDI score of 20 (10 - 30). The median diabetic panel for patients was FBS 188 (126 - 348) mg/dl, PPS 282.50 (162 - 448) mg/dl, and HbA1c 9.5 (6.6 - 14.0)%. Depression and regular follow-up visits were statistically associated with improvement of diabetes symptoms (p = 0.019). There was a significant relationship (p 0.001) between adherence, regular follow-up visits, and knowledge of DM. Further, there was a significant relationship between the physician-patient relationship and DM improvement (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Physician-patient relationship was paramount to improving adherence and positive diabetes care. Our findings suggest a shift to a physician-patient relationship model with mutual agreement on medical decisions is highly recommended.

Relationship between glutathione and malonaldehyde levels in erythrocytes and the deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione （GSH） and malonaldehyde （MDA）, the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： Controlled observation.SETTING： Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female, with mean age of （62±7）years. There were 23 cases found on the 1^st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3^rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7^th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of （52±8）years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index.METHODS：①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1^st, 3^rd,7^th and 14^th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method.②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment 〈 15 points was regarded as mild （n=46）, 15 to 30 points as moderate （n=40）and, 〉 30 points as severe （n=12）. ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ：① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction . ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset （r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P 〈 0.05-0.01 ） ,and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index （t-=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[（0.215±0.088）,（0.192±0.102）, （0.281±0.090） g/L, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION：①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3^rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7^th day to 14^th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction.③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.

Patients’ Experiences of Trust in the Patient-Nurse Relationship——A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Aims and Objectives: To report a synthesis of the literature on the meaning of trust in the context of patients’ experiences of nursing. The review question was “How do patients describe the meaning of trust in the nursing relationship?” Background: Trust is essential in nursing as it has the potential to create opportunities for the human being to gain faith, hope and meaning in life as well as open up for new experiences. Trust is an interpersonal and essential element of all patient-nurse relationships and requires nurses to create a trusting relationship with the patients. Design: Systematic qualitative literature review. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for the period January 2002 to December 2012, updated in January 2014. 20 papers were included. Results: Four categories emerged: Attitudes related to trust, indicating that trust is fundamental and existential;Experiences of trust, concerning how trust can be sensed;The patient-nurse relationship, revealing the qualities of the person who creates trust;and Where trust occurs, illuminating the contextual relevancies of trust. Conclusions: Patients’ experiences of trust in nursing are dependent on the nurses’ knowledge, level of commitment in the dialogue to creating and developing the relationship and contextual issues. Implications for nursing practice: Reflection on a trusting relationship with the patient is necessary for a deeper conceptual understanding of trust in nursing. Clinical nurse researchers nurse supervisors, managers and nurse educatorsshould discuss different areas of trust during nursing supervision and focus-group meetings as well as with nursing graduates to ensure that nurses develop knowledge of how to create a trusting patient-nurse relationship.

Healing Humor: The Use of Humor in the Nurse-Patient Relationship

Objective: To identify the importance of using humor in patient/nurse relationship, its factors, its conditions and the barriers that might limit its use. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, for relevant articles published in English between 2010 and 2019. We included the studies that investigated humor between nurses and their patient’s relationship. Results: From the initial 287 articles found, 15 were included for final revision. Data allowed retrieving information on humor definition;its applicability as a nursing intervention;humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship;influencing factors;humor benefits in health care context and the limits that come against its use. Conclusion: Humor is considered a powerful communication tool, it promotes well-being, relieves anxiety and stress, helps deal with stressful situations but it should be used cautiously in order to prevent undesired consequences.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEROSAL TYPES, PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FREE CANCER CELLS IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS

The relationship between free cancer cells and the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer were studied. Of 100 cases of gastric cancer, free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were detected in 32 cases (32%). Free cancer cells were most often found in tendonoid (62.2%) and colour diffused (60.0%) serosal types. When the area of serosal invasion was over 20 cm, the positive free cancer cell rate was 56.6% and only 2.5% if below 20 cm. Free cancer cells were related to the depth of cancer infiltration, often found in the S2 and S3 invasion layers, as well as to the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. Free cancer cells were often seen in infiltrated type cancer, histologically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. and nest or diffused growth types. In patients without peritoneal metastasis (P0), the positive rate was 26.1%. This study proved that Chen's serosal classification is correct and useful in assessing whether the cancer cells have penetrated through the serosa or not during surgery. Different treatments should be used in the cases with different serosal types. In addition to surgery, destruction of free cancer cells should be considered in tendonoid and colour diffused serosal types, so as to prevent peritoneal metastasis.

Patient-Provider-Relationship in the Hospital Care of the Elderly—A Qualitative, Multi-Perspective Study

For many years, there has been a growing demand for patient-centered care in inpatient settings, but a lack of clear consensus on how to exactly implement such programs. The main aim of this study was to analyze patient-centered care in the acute-care setting in a multidimensional manner from the perspectives of elderly patients, their relatives, and an independent observer. A multi-method design was used to capture the three perspectives. Passive observations and post-situational interviews with patients were integrated with semi-structured interviews with patients and their relatives. 18 elderly patients and their relatives (n = 8) were recruited on wards for internal medicine of six hospitals. The data show significant deficits in patient-centered care in the acute-care setting. Although individual patients have different needs, certain categories of deficits emerge as universally relevant, one being the patient-provider-relationship. Patients express a desire for more frequent contact with the hospital staff. Access to doctors and nurses is particularly limited at night and on weekends. The patients are aware of these limitations and often do not draw attention to their own needs to reduce the workload on the staff. The wishes and needs of patients are not always adequately addressed. However, patients, relatives and the independent observer take positive notice of some employees because of their patient-centered attitude. The results show that there is still a need for improvement of patient-centered care. Participants from all three perspectives described differences between employees within the same institutional setting. This finding suggests that patient-centered care strongly depends on the personality of the individual caregiver.

我国医患关系研究的进路与省思

基于CiteSpace可视化分析工具,以“医患关系”为关键词,分析近年来传播学视域的医患关系研究议题与进程,发现医患关系研究出现从“媒介”到“人”的研究转向。其中以“媒介”为中心的医患关系视角注重医患关系的媒介呈现和媒介宣传,以“人”为中心的医患关系视角注重媒介使用与医患信任建构、媒介与患者健康意向行为关系及新型医患沟通模式分析。同时,探讨提升中国社会的医患关系研究路径,提出未来研究更应注重制度和文化等语境,跳出实证主义范式以及单一的“医−患”二元视角,以推动医患关系研究的均衡与系统化发展。

Study on the Relationship between Psychological Stress and Doctor-Patient Relationship of Cancer Patients and Their Families

Objective: To research the relationship between psychological stress and doctor-patient relationship of cancer patients and their families. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, and PDRQ-15, pcl-c, SAS and SDS scales were selected as evaluation indexes, and the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine were compared between the patients diagnosed with PTSD cancer and those without PTSD. Results: 1) The total score of PCL-C, SAS, SDS, PDRQ-15 scale of the cancer patients and their families after the intervention of clinical psychological care was significantly lower than that of before intervention and the control group. 2) The correlation coefficients between PCL-C, SAS, SDS and PDRQ-15 of cancer patients and their relatives were 0.971, 0.952 and 0.939 respectively. The significant test P value was less than 0.05 and the difference was statistically significant. 3) The plasma levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in cancer patients under stress were significantly higher than those in cancer patients without stress (P Conclusion: After psychological Intervention of cancer patients and their families, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and doctor-patient relationship were all improved.

Effect of patient COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on hospital care team perceptions

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic posed new challenges in patient care worldwide.Vaccinations,which have proven efficacious in lowering the COVID-19 hospital burden,are still avoided by large populations.We,therefore,hypothesized that hospital care teams would have worse perceptions regarding the characteristics and care of patients with vaccine hesitancy.AIM To evaluate whether patient vaccine hesitancy affected the hospital care team(HCT)perceptions.METHODS We performed a prospective clinical study using structured questionnaires.We approached physicians and nurses with previous experience caring for COVID-19patients from 11 medical centers across Israel during the fourth COVID-19 surge(September and October 2021).The participants completed a questionnaire with the following parts:(1)Sociodemographic characteristics;(2)Assessment of anger(STAXI instrument)and chronic workplace stress(Shirom-Melamed burnout measure);and(3)Three tools to assess the effect of patient vaccine hesitancy on the HCT perceptions(the difficult doctor-patient relation questionnaire,the medical staff perception of patient’s responsibility questionnaire and the characterological derogation questionnaire).Results were evaluated according to each part of the questionnaire and the questionnaire as a whole.Associations between HCT perceptions and their baseline characteristics,anger or chronic workplace stress were assessed.RESULTS The HCT experienced their relationship with unvaccinated patients as more difficult(P<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.85),perceived unvaccinated patients as responsible for their medical condition(P<0.001,d=1.39)and perceived vaccinated patients as having a higher character value(P<0.001,d=1.03).Unvaccinated patients were considered selfish(P<0.001),less mature(P<0.001)and less satisfying to care for(P<0.001).The relationship with unvaccinated patients was more difficult among HCT with higher burnout(r=0.37,n=66,P=0.002).No correlations with baseline characteristics were found.All three study tools showed high internal consistency(αbetween 0.72 and 0.845).CONCLUSION Our results should raise awareness of the possible effects of vaccine hesitancy on HCT perceptions regarding unvaccinated patients.In order to minimize the potential negative impact on patient care,designated departments should promote specific patient-centered preparations.Further investigations should assess whether vaccine hesitancy directly affects patient quality of care.

Balancing the Inpatient-Nurse Relationship in Anorexia Care

Background: Nurses play a central role in the treatment of inpatients with anorexia, where bonding is a key factor. The inpatient-nurse relationship is based on a confident alliance characterized by important factors such as trust, confidentiality, responsiveness, genuineness, and consistency. Aim and Research Question: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ in-depth experiences of their relationship with nurses when hospitalized for anorexia. The research question was: How do women hospitalized due to anorexia nervosa experience the nurse-patient relationship? Method: A hermeneutic approach with in-depth interviews was employed. Five women with previous experience of inpatient care for anorexia were interviewed. Findings: The findings summarized how the women experienced the relationship with professional nurses in a ward characterized by a high degree of structure. The main theme Balancing feelings of emotional contradictions in the patient-nurse relationship was described by two sub-themes;Opening up for a care relationship in a rigid and structured ward atmosphere and Fluctuating in a paradox of conflicting feelings. Discussion: From the patients’ perspective, balancing the patient-nurse relationship when an inpatient involves conflicting emotional challenges. Structured interventions are perceived as effective by the patients, although they may be ambivalent about them. Therefore, a good relationship depends on the establishment of emotional and stable interaction with the nurses. Implications for Nursing Practice: Patients need interventions based on safe and competent quality care. A hermeneutic approach may improve the nurses’ ability to meet these patients in their lifeworld and establish a confident relationship. Special education related to anorexia care should be a priority in nursing.

临床医生实践医患共同决策的思考

医患共同决策是继家长式决策模式和知情同意模式后,逐渐被大家认可的临床决策模式。在我国经历20多年的发展,逐渐被临床医生所认可并不断引入临床实践,但其发展并不如想象中那么乐观。虽然它可以改善医患关系、减少决策失误,但实际工作中仍存在缺乏政策指引、医患双方互不信任、医生没有实现共情等诸多实际问题,致使医患共同决策的推进并不顺畅。因此,医患共同决策模式作为理想的决策模式,在我国临床工作中仍需要不断探索与完善。

人文关怀理念下急性前庭综合征患者的诊疗路径研究

当前在急性前庭综合征诊疗工作中存在着较多困境,比如病因复杂难鉴别,临床医生诊治水平参差不齐、人文关怀意识不强、沟通缺乏技巧性和缺乏内在亲和力等。各种原因使急性前庭综合征患者在诊疗过程中困难重重,不能得到及时有效的治疗,加剧了医患矛盾。为此,运用人文关怀理念探索急性前庭综合征诊疗工作的新路径,医患之间相互尊重,打造具有“人文关怀”价值取向的医务工作者队伍,推动“人文关怀”理论与实践有机统一,以期更好地促进急性前庭综合征诊疗工作的落实,帮助更多患者重建信心,提高生活质量,改善医患关系。

基于患者公共关系管理的医患矛盾解决方法初探

医患矛盾的影响因素是复杂、深远的,双方之间的矛盾亟须得到有效解决。文章基于患者公共关系管理有关理论方法,分析日益凸显的医患矛盾现状及其成因,并应用患者公共关系管理手段,不断加强医院患者公共关系管理。通过持续完善、改进患者公共关系管理标准作业,设立专业化管理部门,提升危机意识,拓展宣传服务与教育外延等一系列富有较强操作性的管理行动,能够有效地为医院日常运营创造以患者为代表的良好的外部公共关系环境,对缓和当下不断激化的医患矛盾起到了积极影响;同时也对探索建立与完善医患矛盾应对相关机制具有一定的参考意义。

医患沟通与患者就诊满意度的相关性研究

目的医患沟通可能是影响患者就诊满意度的关键因素。本研究尝试探索医患沟通中各子因素与患者就诊满意度的相关性。方法采用随机抽样的方法,通过网络问卷平台,搜集837份有效样本,用结构方程模型分析医患沟通中各子因素与患者就诊满意度的相关性。结果医患沟通中的沟通时间、沟通态度、情感支持、信息支持的感知均对就诊满意度有正向影响,按照影响程度从大到小分别是情感支持、信息支持、沟通态度、沟通时间。沟通频率对患者就诊满意度的影响并不显著。结论在医患沟通中,相比其他因素,医生为患者提供的情感支持(如鼓励、尊重、理解、安慰等)和信息支持对患者满意度的影响最大。医生对患者咨询的态度也是影响就诊满意度的关键因素。鼓励患者提问、给患者足够的沟通时间、在患者咨询时给予耐心和尊重,都可以为提升患者满意度产生积极影响。

医学与艺术的对话

医学与艺术的根源在于对生命的维护与表达,医学关注疾病与健康,艺术则表现生命的情感。历史上的医学实践与艺术交织,如古希腊医学家通过艺术理解解剖学,达·芬奇则是医学与艺术结合的典范。他们的跨学科思维为医学创新提供了重要灵感,如诺贝尔奖得主在研究中受艺术启发,推动了科学突破。艺术治疗逐渐融入现代医学,通过音乐和绘画等方式帮助患者缓解心理问题。医学不应仅限于技术和知识的传授,更应关注医者的人文素养、情感理解和团队协作能力,真正做到“医者父母心”的理想。在未来的医学实践中,我们期待看到更多具备艺术素养的医生,他们不仅能够治疗疾病,也能为患者带来温暖和关怀,实现医学的人文关怀与科学技术的完美结合,从而融洽医患关系和提高医疗质量。

负性医疗事件对医生防御性医疗的影响——来自八市医生调查的证据

目的分析我国公立医院医生的防御性医疗行为现状以及负性医疗事件经历所带来的影响。方法采用方便抽样收集2019年8个城市15家二级或三级医院的数据,运用描述性分析和多元线性回归模型,描述医生基本特征,分析医生的基本特征和负性医疗事件经历对防御性医疗的影响。结果男性(β_(2)=-0.59)、低收入(β_(2)=-1.47)以及急危重症科室(β_(1)=3.84,β_(2)=1.84)、儿科(β_(1)=3.01,β_(2)=2.16)和外科(β_(1)=2.64,β_(2)=1.67)的医生更易出现防御性医疗行为(P<0.05);具有负性医疗事件经历的医生更有可能实施防御性医疗行为。结论负性医疗事件经历会显著增加医生的防御性医疗行为,应通过各方努力改善医患关系,注重源头预防,完善纠纷化解机制。

改善患者就医体验提升满意度实践探索

在医疗市场竞争日益激烈的今天,患者就医感受直接决定着满意度,更决定着医院的社会形象。作者以改善患者体验提升满意度为抓手,聚焦上海某医院“医疗环境更友好、医疗服务显尊重、就诊流程更便捷、医患关系增互信、医院治理促合作”5个重点环节,就如何进一步强基础、补短板、促实效提升患者满意度做了有益的探索。

医生医患环境感知与防御性医疗行为倾向关联研究

目的:了解医生防御性医疗行为倾向现状,探索医生的医患环境感知与防御性医疗行为倾向之间的关系。方法:对黑龙江省27家公立医院的医生进行问卷调查,采用因子分析法提取医生的防御性医疗行为倾向类型,运用Amos26.0构建医生医患环境感知与防御性医疗行为倾向关系的结构方程模型。结果:医生积极防御性医疗行为倾向平均得分为14.98±5.24,消极防御性医疗行为倾向得分为16.37±7.62。医生积极防御性医疗行为倾向与医患互动(β=0.435,P<0.001)、制度环境(β=0.146,P<0.001)和文化环境(β=0.132,P=0.012)存在正相关关系,与对患者行为态度评价无关(P>0.1)。消极防御性医疗行为倾向与医患互动(β=-0.279,P<0.001)、对患者行为态度评价(β=-0.210,P=0.012)和文化环境(β=-0.042,P<0.001)存在负相关关系,与制度环境(β=0.078,P=0.007)存在正相关关系。结论:提升医生对患者行为及态度的评价,加强医患互动以及改善外部的制度和文化环境将有利于医生正确认识防御性医疗行为,减少消极防御性医疗行为的发生。

医患共同决策诊疗模式在胸部肿瘤患者中的应用进展

医患共同决策(shared decision making,SDM)作为新型的诊疗决策模式,能够有效解决胸部肿瘤诊疗过程中患者的依从性问题,平衡医患双方的地位,逐渐在胸外科临床实践中得到重视和应用。将SDM应用于胸部肿瘤诊疗过程中有利于提升医生的诊疗水平,缓解责任压力;减轻患者的心理压力,提高患者的依从性;提高医信力并减少医患冲突。由于患者自身的医学素养和自主性有限,医患比例失衡导致的诊疗时间紧张,同时由于已有的研究存在样本量有限等原因尚不能证明采用SDM模式对于胸部肿瘤的治疗有明确的增益,推行SDM模式仍面临阻力。未来通过开发辅助决策系统以及提升医生的人文关怀能力将更有利于推动SDM模式在胸外科的实际应用。