Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes.Transmission electron microscopy is the most rigorous method to clearly visualize autophagic engulfment and de...Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes.Transmission electron microscopy is the most rigorous method to clearly visualize autophagic engulfment and degradation.A large number of studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the digestion,secretion,and regeneration of gastrointestinal(GI)cells.However,the role of autophagy in GI diseases remains controversial.This article focuses on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of autophagy in GI diseases,in order to provide new ideas for their diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its ...Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration(IC50) value of 38.99 mg L-1against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of heavy metal antimony(Sb) to ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaudich.) and the tolerance response in ramie. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to stud...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of heavy metal antimony(Sb) to ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaudich.) and the tolerance response in ramie. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Sb stress on root growth and Sb accumulation and transport of the root system of cultivated ramie Zhongzhu No.1, as well as on the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves. [Results] The plant height and root dry weight and volume of Zhongzhu No.1 showed an effect of "promoting at low concentrations and inhibiting at high concentrations" with the increase of Sb concentration, and decreased significantly at the concentration of 4 000 mg/kg, but no obvious toxic growth symptoms were observed. The content of Sb in roots(289.7-508.6 mg/kg) and the root-shoot transfer factor(0.09-0.57) of Zhongzhu No.1 increased with the increase of soil Sb concentration, but the change of Sb bioconcentration factor in roots was opposite, indicating that high concentrations of Sb in soil could promote the absorption of Sb in roots and the transport of Sb to the aboveground part, but the Sb enrichment capacity of roots was relatively reduced with the increase of soil Sb. Sb stress had a certain impact on the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves. With the increase of Sb treatment concentration, MDA, POD and SOD showed a change trend of "first increasing and then decreasing", while CAT gradually increased, indicating that Sb stress caused changes in the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves, thereby affecting plant growth and development. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of ramie in mining areas.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, an...Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, and Waxy 15; and five non-waxy wheat lines: S-39, 04J89, Jan-81, III42-4, and II110 were studied. The seeds were subjected to accelerated aging at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃, and 90% relative humidity for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, respectively. The results showed a gradual increase in conductivity and decrease in germination rate during accelerated aging. SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at lowgrade treatment, but decreased at severe treatment. On the other hand, the soluble protein content decreased at 45 ℃, but successively increased, then decreased 50℃. From the above study, it showed that 90% RH at 55℃ was the best accelerated aging condition for optimum efficiency in a shorter period.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 B as experimental materials,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,starch content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline content in flower buds,alabastrums and mature flowers were determined,and the contents and changes of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),isopentenyl adenosine(iPA)and abscisic acid(ABA)at the three stages were analyzed.[Results]The activity of SOD and CAT and the contents of MDA and free proline in the sterile line at the flower bud stage were lower than those of the maintainer line,but the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and their values were higher than those of the maintainer line;the POD activity of the sterile line was significantly lower than that of the maintainer line at the flower bud stage,and the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and its values were higher than those of the maintainer line;and the starch content and soluble sugar content of sterile line 9 A showed an overall upward trend,and were significantly lower than those of the maintainer line 9 B at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage.During the whole development process of floral organs,the content of IAA in sterile line 9 A showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the content of iPA increased gradually.The contents of hormones in the sterile line were lower than those in the maintainer line.The ratios of IAA/ABA,IAA/GA3,IAA/iPA and ABA/GA3 in the sterile line were significantly different from those in the maintainer line.It is inferred that the abnormal physiological characteristics of floral organ development are related to the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility of soybean.The alabastrum stage may be a critical period for the occurrence of abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes in the floral organs of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of fine sterile lines of soybean and the research on the mechanism of sterility.展开更多
The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance (TBARS), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide d...The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance (TBARS), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ~bps, value and qp value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.展开更多
The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Glycine max seedlings were changed under the high concentration of Pb stress, in which the malony dialdehyde (MDA) content, plasmalemma, activities of catalase (CAT...The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Glycine max seedlings were changed under the high concentration of Pb stress, in which the malony dialdehyde (MDA) content, plasmalemma, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased drastically. The damage effects of Pb were reduced when 15 mg . L-1 La-Gly was used to spray Glycine max seedlings. The results of La-Gly treatment show that the effects are related to the decrease of Pb content in plants, the increase of photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, decrease of MDA content and cell membrane permeability, and maintenance of activities of CAT and POD.展开更多
Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling st...Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components (milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities) under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.展开更多
Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days. The resu...Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days. The results showed that the enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase and pectinase) were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation. The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation, D4 and D5 operated with leachate recycling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%—127%, 117%—162% and 64%—98%. The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1, D2, D3 and D5 by 63%, 39%, 24% and 24%, respectively, and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months. The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3, D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%—132%, 96%—148% and 81%—129%. During the early phase of incubation, the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured, but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse. The inoculation, initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate, was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.展开更多
The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to ...The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to measure spectra reflectance of flue-cured tobacco and the relationship between hyperspectral parameters and biochemical contents (total nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoid), and physiological indexes (fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content) of flue-cured tobacco leaves was studied by correlation and stepwise regression statistic methods at different nitrogen and potassium levels. The results indicated that the spectra curves of different treatments had obvious rules and great diversities. There were high correlations between different types of spectra parameters and ten physiological and biochemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Hyperspectral characteristic variables of ten physiological and biochemical indexes were found through stepwise regression, and SDr/SDb was the characteristic variable closest to seven biochemical contents. Simultaneously, the R2 and regression coefficient of equations reached 0.05 significant level and the equations had good estimating effects through the examination of other samples. Accordingly, this study suggested that the ten physiological and biochemical indexes could be estimated quickly by the estimating models, at the same time nitrogen-potassium fertilization and growth condition of flue-cured tobacco could be inspected.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to study the effects of different water elevations of non-pressure subirrigation on some indexes of tomato, including soil water status around crop rootzone, morphological indexes, physi...The purpose of this article is to study the effects of different water elevations of non-pressure subirrigation on some indexes of tomato, including soil water status around crop rootzone, morphological indexes, physiological indexes, photosynthetic indexes, yield, quality, and water use efficiency. With the tomato materials of Dongsheng 1, the irrigation experiment was carried out in the greenhouse, and significance analysis was done on the experiment data through the software of DPS. The results showed that different water elevations, had significant influence on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato. The yield of the 6-cm treatment was the highest, the 3-cm treatment was inferior to the 6-cm treatment, and the 0-cm treatment was the lowest. However, the WUE was 0 cm 〉 3 cm 〉 6 cm. The sugar/acid and soluble protein was the highest under the 0-cm treatment, and the content of ascorbic acid did not decrease considerably. When compared to the 0-cm treatment, the ascorbic acid content of 6-cm and 3-cm treatment increased by 19.2 and 6.8%, respectively. These irrigation methods can satisfy the requirements of tomato growth; different water elevations have different influences on the tomato soil water status around crop rootzone, the physiological characteristics, and yield. It also harmonized the percentage between sugar and acid, increased the content of soluble protein and ascorbic acid, and made tomato more delicious. The irrigation methods can improve the quality of tomato by water control, which is worth promoting in the agricultural production.展开更多
Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopect...Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coat characteristics on physiological traits and heat tolerance of dwarf sheep in southern Nigeria. A total number of twenty West African dwarf male sheep wit...This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coat characteristics on physiological traits and heat tolerance of dwarf sheep in southern Nigeria. A total number of twenty West African dwarf male sheep with an average weight of 9.00 ± 0.52 kg and aged 10 months old were used for the experiment. The dwarf sheep were assigned to four treatment groups in a completely randomized design with five sheep per treatment group. The compared treatment groups were TA (black coat colour sheep with low coat depth and short hair length), TB (black coat colour sheep with high coat depth and long hair length), TC (light brown coat colour sheep with low coat depth and short hair length) and TD (light brown coat colour sheep with high coat depth and long hair length). The results obtained in the study showed that midday was significantly (P 0.05) affected by morning, midday and evening. Rectal temperature (40.09℃), respiratory rate (21.01 breaths/min), pulse rate (87.49 beats/min), heat tolerance coefficient (97.10%), haemoglobin (9.04 g/l), blood cell (10.84 × 106/μl), white blood cell (12.06 × 106/μl) and glucose (50.10 mg/dl) were significantly (P 0.05) did not occur in total protein, albumin and globulin among treatment groups. It is concluded that coat characteristics have significant effects on physiological indices and heat tolerance in Nigeria.展开更多
vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physi...vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growt...In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings. Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate significantly increased(P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control(water treatment). Further analysis showed that application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content(MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution(>6 g L^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97-3.12 g L^-1(2016) and 1.58-3.27 g L^-1(2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest. When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L^-1(2016) or 3.02 g L^-1(2017), MDA content was the lowest. Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate(2-4 g L^-1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.展开更多
The changes in several physiological and biochemical indices of seedling roots of new maize variety Qingnong 8 were studied under the simulated drought condition with 18% PEG-6000 and water shortage. The results showe...The changes in several physiological and biochemical indices of seedling roots of new maize variety Qingnong 8 were studied under the simulated drought condition with 18% PEG-6000 and water shortage. The results showed that under drought conditions, the contents of soluble protein and malonialdehy (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in roots of maize seedlings significantly increased, and the increasing amplitude reduced after water shortage for 96 h. The re-watering treatment results after 48 h water shortage showed that the SOD and POD activities and the MDA content could recover to normal level, and the soluble protein content was lower than normal content. This study showed that the maize seedlings of Qingnong 8 suffered drought injury could grow normally after re-watering treatment.展开更多
As shown by the changes in physiological characteristics and seed vigor of three Medicago ruthenica samples during artificial aging process, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index ...As shown by the changes in physiological characteristics and seed vigor of three Medicago ruthenica samples during artificial aging process, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and simple vigor index declined with the extension of aging time on the whole. After artificial aging for 6 min, the vigor was higher than that of the control. The conductivity, malondialdehyde content and soluble polysaccharide content of seed leachate increased with the aging time and negatively correlated ( P 〈 0.05) with the seed vigor indicators. The physiological indicators were very significantly correlated (P 〈 0.01 ) with the vigor indicators in the Medicago ruthenica sample from Dorbod Qi, UIanqab City(China).展开更多
Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammon...Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+-N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) to determine the best nitrogen form and concentration to optimize growth,biomass allocation,pigment content,and photosynthetic capacity.The results of combining membership function and an evaluation index suggested that,5 mmol·L^(−1) nitrogen,regardless of the form,yielded the highest comprehensive evaluation index and good growth.In addition,a Pearson correlation analysis and network visualization revealed that the total mass,shoot mass,root mass,leaf dry mass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll had a physiological index connectivity degree≥15 for both nitrogen forms.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,total nitrogen content,ground diameter,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid were unique indices for evaluating NH_(4)^(+)+-N-based nutrition,which could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings,cultivation periods,and stress tolerance in P.simonii× P.nigra.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their ef...[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their effects on physiological and biochemical indices related to the structure of body wall( chitin and phenoloxidase),the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the nervous system( Acetylcholinesterase),and the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the digestive system( protease,amylase and lipase) of Ostrinia furnacalis and Mythimna seperata were studied. [Result]Asarum essential oils had no effect no chitin content of body wall under the experimental concentration,and had no inhibitory effect but activated effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Asarum essential oils could act on the nervous system of insect,and had strong inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase activity of O. furnacalis larvae,with inhibition rates of 24. 86%- 38. 79%. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on pepsin activity in midgut,but the activated amplitude became smaller with the prolongation of treatment time. Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on activities of amylase and lipase,indicating that it could play an insecticidal effect by inhibiting activity of amylase and lipase,and it could act on digestive system of insect. [Conclusion]The study laid the foundation for further development of asarum as botanical pesticide.展开更多
In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower tot...In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower total biomass at plateau. At doses ≥ 150 Gy, cells showed a decreased exponential growth rate and higher total biomass at plateau. DNA lesions were detected by comet assay. Meanwhile, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(?Ψ m) and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. We conclude that X-ray irradiation results in DNA lesions, ROS accumulation and?Ψ m decline in a dose-dependent manner, and that these changes may be one of causes of X-rays-induced apoptosis in yeast. Furthermore, yeast cell membrane integrity appeared compromised following irradiation,suggesting that membrane damage may also have a role in the biological effects of radiation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900533Science and Technology Project of Henan Science and Technology Department,No.232102520032。
文摘Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes.Transmission electron microscopy is the most rigorous method to clearly visualize autophagic engulfment and degradation.A large number of studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the digestion,secretion,and regeneration of gastrointestinal(GI)cells.However,the role of autophagy in GI diseases remains controversial.This article focuses on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of autophagy in GI diseases,in order to provide new ideas for their diagnosis and treatment.
基金funded by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei for Excellent Young Scholar, China (C2021204071)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (QN2021079)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (21326511D and 19226504D)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-02)。
文摘Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration(IC50) value of 38.99 mg L-1against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Education Innovation Project and Professional Ability Improvement Project (CX20211220)Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (20A278)+1 种基金Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hunan Province (XJT[2021]197,No. 3705)School-level Postgraduate Innovation Experiment Project (24520012)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of heavy metal antimony(Sb) to ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaudich.) and the tolerance response in ramie. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Sb stress on root growth and Sb accumulation and transport of the root system of cultivated ramie Zhongzhu No.1, as well as on the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves. [Results] The plant height and root dry weight and volume of Zhongzhu No.1 showed an effect of "promoting at low concentrations and inhibiting at high concentrations" with the increase of Sb concentration, and decreased significantly at the concentration of 4 000 mg/kg, but no obvious toxic growth symptoms were observed. The content of Sb in roots(289.7-508.6 mg/kg) and the root-shoot transfer factor(0.09-0.57) of Zhongzhu No.1 increased with the increase of soil Sb concentration, but the change of Sb bioconcentration factor in roots was opposite, indicating that high concentrations of Sb in soil could promote the absorption of Sb in roots and the transport of Sb to the aboveground part, but the Sb enrichment capacity of roots was relatively reduced with the increase of soil Sb. Sb stress had a certain impact on the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves. With the increase of Sb treatment concentration, MDA, POD and SOD showed a change trend of "first increasing and then decreasing", while CAT gradually increased, indicating that Sb stress caused changes in the physiological characteristics of ramie leaves, thereby affecting plant growth and development. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of ramie in mining areas.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000712)National Natural Science Fund (31000712)Yunnan Provincial Education Department Scientific Research Program (08Y0166)
文摘Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, and Waxy 15; and five non-waxy wheat lines: S-39, 04J89, Jan-81, III42-4, and II110 were studied. The seeds were subjected to accelerated aging at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃, and 90% relative humidity for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, respectively. The results showed a gradual increase in conductivity and decrease in germination rate during accelerated aging. SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at lowgrade treatment, but decreased at severe treatment. On the other hand, the soluble protein content decreased at 45 ℃, but successively increased, then decreased 50℃. From the above study, it showed that 90% RH at 55℃ was the best accelerated aging condition for optimum efficiency in a shorter period.
基金Supported by Doctoral Research Start-up Fund(BS514)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Reserve Project(2018MDCB02)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Planning Project(2018KJJH1702)Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Minzu University(NMDSS2159)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 B as experimental materials,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,starch content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline content in flower buds,alabastrums and mature flowers were determined,and the contents and changes of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),isopentenyl adenosine(iPA)and abscisic acid(ABA)at the three stages were analyzed.[Results]The activity of SOD and CAT and the contents of MDA and free proline in the sterile line at the flower bud stage were lower than those of the maintainer line,but the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and their values were higher than those of the maintainer line;the POD activity of the sterile line was significantly lower than that of the maintainer line at the flower bud stage,and the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and its values were higher than those of the maintainer line;and the starch content and soluble sugar content of sterile line 9 A showed an overall upward trend,and were significantly lower than those of the maintainer line 9 B at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage.During the whole development process of floral organs,the content of IAA in sterile line 9 A showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the content of iPA increased gradually.The contents of hormones in the sterile line were lower than those in the maintainer line.The ratios of IAA/ABA,IAA/GA3,IAA/iPA and ABA/GA3 in the sterile line were significantly different from those in the maintainer line.It is inferred that the abnormal physiological characteristics of floral organ development are related to the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility of soybean.The alabastrum stage may be a critical period for the occurrence of abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes in the floral organs of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of fine sterile lines of soybean and the research on the mechanism of sterility.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2006AA100101)the Agricultural Technological Results Transformation Fund,China(Grant Nos.2007GB2D200226 and 2008GB2D200227)
文摘The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance (TBARS), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ~bps, value and qp value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.
文摘The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Glycine max seedlings were changed under the high concentration of Pb stress, in which the malony dialdehyde (MDA) content, plasmalemma, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased drastically. The damage effects of Pb were reduced when 15 mg . L-1 La-Gly was used to spray Glycine max seedlings. The results of La-Gly treatment show that the effects are related to the decrease of Pb content in plants, the increase of photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, decrease of MDA content and cell membrane permeability, and maintenance of activities of CAT and POD.
文摘Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components (milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities) under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.
文摘Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days. The results showed that the enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase and pectinase) were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation. The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation, D4 and D5 operated with leachate recycling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%—127%, 117%—162% and 64%—98%. The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1, D2, D3 and D5 by 63%, 39%, 24% and 24%, respectively, and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months. The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3, D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%—132%, 96%—148% and 81%—129%. During the early phase of incubation, the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured, but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse. The inoculation, initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate, was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.
文摘The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to measure spectra reflectance of flue-cured tobacco and the relationship between hyperspectral parameters and biochemical contents (total nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoid), and physiological indexes (fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content) of flue-cured tobacco leaves was studied by correlation and stepwise regression statistic methods at different nitrogen and potassium levels. The results indicated that the spectra curves of different treatments had obvious rules and great diversities. There were high correlations between different types of spectra parameters and ten physiological and biochemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Hyperspectral characteristic variables of ten physiological and biochemical indexes were found through stepwise regression, and SDr/SDb was the characteristic variable closest to seven biochemical contents. Simultaneously, the R2 and regression coefficient of equations reached 0.05 significant level and the equations had good estimating effects through the examination of other samples. Accordingly, this study suggested that the ten physiological and biochemical indexes could be estimated quickly by the estimating models, at the same time nitrogen-potassium fertilization and growth condition of flue-cured tobacco could be inspected.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50479051)the Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Foundation of China (04EFN217100395)the Innovation Projects of Northwest A & F University for Graduate Students.
文摘The purpose of this article is to study the effects of different water elevations of non-pressure subirrigation on some indexes of tomato, including soil water status around crop rootzone, morphological indexes, physiological indexes, photosynthetic indexes, yield, quality, and water use efficiency. With the tomato materials of Dongsheng 1, the irrigation experiment was carried out in the greenhouse, and significance analysis was done on the experiment data through the software of DPS. The results showed that different water elevations, had significant influence on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato. The yield of the 6-cm treatment was the highest, the 3-cm treatment was inferior to the 6-cm treatment, and the 0-cm treatment was the lowest. However, the WUE was 0 cm 〉 3 cm 〉 6 cm. The sugar/acid and soluble protein was the highest under the 0-cm treatment, and the content of ascorbic acid did not decrease considerably. When compared to the 0-cm treatment, the ascorbic acid content of 6-cm and 3-cm treatment increased by 19.2 and 6.8%, respectively. These irrigation methods can satisfy the requirements of tomato growth; different water elevations have different influences on the tomato soil water status around crop rootzone, the physiological characteristics, and yield. It also harmonized the percentage between sugar and acid, increased the content of soluble protein and ascorbic acid, and made tomato more delicious. The irrigation methods can improve the quality of tomato by water control, which is worth promoting in the agricultural production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41761134052,41676147)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022017019)+2 种基金the Director Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.QNLM201707)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-49)the Postdoctoral Applied Research Programs of Qingdao Municipal Government
文摘Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.
文摘This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coat characteristics on physiological traits and heat tolerance of dwarf sheep in southern Nigeria. A total number of twenty West African dwarf male sheep with an average weight of 9.00 ± 0.52 kg and aged 10 months old were used for the experiment. The dwarf sheep were assigned to four treatment groups in a completely randomized design with five sheep per treatment group. The compared treatment groups were TA (black coat colour sheep with low coat depth and short hair length), TB (black coat colour sheep with high coat depth and long hair length), TC (light brown coat colour sheep with low coat depth and short hair length) and TD (light brown coat colour sheep with high coat depth and long hair length). The results obtained in the study showed that midday was significantly (P 0.05) affected by morning, midday and evening. Rectal temperature (40.09℃), respiratory rate (21.01 breaths/min), pulse rate (87.49 beats/min), heat tolerance coefficient (97.10%), haemoglobin (9.04 g/l), blood cell (10.84 × 106/μl), white blood cell (12.06 × 106/μl) and glucose (50.10 mg/dl) were significantly (P 0.05) did not occur in total protein, albumin and globulin among treatment groups. It is concluded that coat characteristics have significant effects on physiological indices and heat tolerance in Nigeria.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31770761)the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong province (2019LY006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (No.ZR2017LEE023)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong province,P.R.China(No.TSQN201909152)。
文摘vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0201306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671613,31471435)+2 种基金the Ph D Programs Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(1601116C)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Top-Notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PPZY2015A060)。
文摘In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings. Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate significantly increased(P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control(water treatment). Further analysis showed that application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content(MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution(>6 g L^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97-3.12 g L^-1(2016) and 1.58-3.27 g L^-1(2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest. When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L^-1(2016) or 3.02 g L^-1(2017), MDA content was the lowest. Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate(2-4 g L^-1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.
基金Supported by Maize Industry Innovation Team Construction Project of Agricultural Industry Research System of Shandong ProvinceCharacteristic School Construction of Qingdao Agricultural University"Science and Technology Innovation Project of College Students"
文摘The changes in several physiological and biochemical indices of seedling roots of new maize variety Qingnong 8 were studied under the simulated drought condition with 18% PEG-6000 and water shortage. The results showed that under drought conditions, the contents of soluble protein and malonialdehy (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in roots of maize seedlings significantly increased, and the increasing amplitude reduced after water shortage for 96 h. The re-watering treatment results after 48 h water shortage showed that the SOD and POD activities and the MDA content could recover to normal level, and the soluble protein content was lower than normal content. This study showed that the maize seedlings of Qingnong 8 suffered drought injury could grow normally after re-watering treatment.
基金funded by National Key Technology R & DProgram during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2008BADB3B01)Crops Germplasm Resource Conservation Project of Ministry of Agriculture (NB08-2130135-43)
文摘As shown by the changes in physiological characteristics and seed vigor of three Medicago ruthenica samples during artificial aging process, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and simple vigor index declined with the extension of aging time on the whole. After artificial aging for 6 min, the vigor was higher than that of the control. The conductivity, malondialdehyde content and soluble polysaccharide content of seed leachate increased with the aging time and negatively correlated ( P 〈 0.05) with the seed vigor indicators. The physiological indicators were very significantly correlated (P 〈 0.01 ) with the vigor indicators in the Medicago ruthenica sample from Dorbod Qi, UIanqab City(China).
基金This work was supported by the Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2020C004)the Special Fund for Basic Scientifi c research operation Fee of Central University(2572019CT02)+1 种基金the Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University)(2019A03)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+-N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) to determine the best nitrogen form and concentration to optimize growth,biomass allocation,pigment content,and photosynthetic capacity.The results of combining membership function and an evaluation index suggested that,5 mmol·L^(−1) nitrogen,regardless of the form,yielded the highest comprehensive evaluation index and good growth.In addition,a Pearson correlation analysis and network visualization revealed that the total mass,shoot mass,root mass,leaf dry mass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll had a physiological index connectivity degree≥15 for both nitrogen forms.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,total nitrogen content,ground diameter,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid were unique indices for evaluating NH_(4)^(+)+-N-based nutrition,which could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings,cultivation periods,and stress tolerance in P.simonii× P.nigra.
基金Supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environment Con-trol and Regional Ecology Safety(SYU-KF-L-05)Science and TechnologyProject of Liaoning Province(2012214001)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their effects on physiological and biochemical indices related to the structure of body wall( chitin and phenoloxidase),the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the nervous system( Acetylcholinesterase),and the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the digestive system( protease,amylase and lipase) of Ostrinia furnacalis and Mythimna seperata were studied. [Result]Asarum essential oils had no effect no chitin content of body wall under the experimental concentration,and had no inhibitory effect but activated effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Asarum essential oils could act on the nervous system of insect,and had strong inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase activity of O. furnacalis larvae,with inhibition rates of 24. 86%- 38. 79%. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on pepsin activity in midgut,but the activated amplitude became smaller with the prolongation of treatment time. Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on activities of amylase and lipase,indicating that it could play an insecticidal effect by inhibiting activity of amylase and lipase,and it could act on digestive system of insect. [Conclusion]The study laid the foundation for further development of asarum as botanical pesticide.
基金Supported by the project of western talent training program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y306010XB0)
文摘In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower total biomass at plateau. At doses ≥ 150 Gy, cells showed a decreased exponential growth rate and higher total biomass at plateau. DNA lesions were detected by comet assay. Meanwhile, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(?Ψ m) and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. We conclude that X-ray irradiation results in DNA lesions, ROS accumulation and?Ψ m decline in a dose-dependent manner, and that these changes may be one of causes of X-rays-induced apoptosis in yeast. Furthermore, yeast cell membrane integrity appeared compromised following irradiation,suggesting that membrane damage may also have a role in the biological effects of radiation.