Phytohemagglutinin(PHA)is a seed storage protein and a type of lectin originally discovered in the common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)for its blood-agglutinating effect.Due to its interactions with gut epithelia and diges...Phytohemagglutinin(PHA)is a seed storage protein and a type of lectin originally discovered in the common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)for its blood-agglutinating effect.Due to its interactions with gut epithelia and digestive enzymes and its potential to trigger allergic reactions,PHA can lead to various symptoms in the human body.As a result,it has been regarded as a signifcant antinutritional factor in beans and other legumes.While several published works have summarized its structural,biochemical,and toxicological features,there is a scarcity of literature that reviews the detection,quantifcation,and reduction of PHA in beans,which is fundamental for the development of safer bean varieties.In this review,we present a comprehensive analysis of traditional and innovative bio-sensing methods for measuring PHA,including the recently available ultrapure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and emerging aptamer sensor-based techniques,while discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages.We also revisit existing studies dedicated to creating PHA-depleted common bean varieties and explore the potential for reducing PHA content in beans without compromising their resistance to biotic stress.Additionally,we offer insights into the potential for controlling PHA content using the latest biotechnologies and breeding strategies.Overall,this review compiles rare and valuable information from studies that solely focuses on detection and depletion of PHA to shed light on and apply technological advancements in addressing potential food safety risks associated with the consumption of common beans.展开更多
探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和...探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和10 d时血液中各型白细胞百分比及嗜异性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes,H/L),以及第10天采血后植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin-P,PHA-P)反应的变化。结果显示:(1)随着温度下降,第1天只有嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比显著升高(P<0.05),此差异在第5天和第10天消失(P>0.05);第5天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比和H/L先升后降,淋巴细胞的百分比先降后升,单核细胞的百分比下降(P<0.05);第10天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比上升,淋巴细胞、嗜异性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比,以及H/L下降(P<0.05);(2)随着处理天数延长,除嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比无组内差异外(P>0.05),其他类型白细胞的百分比及H/L都有组内差异(P<0.05);(3)6℃组、17℃组和26℃组对PHA-P的反应分别在注射后48 h、24 h和48 h达到峰值,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。红耳龟通过调整血液中嗜酸性粒细胞等不同类型白细胞的百分比、下降的应激反应能力和提前发生反应的免疫应答来适应低温的短期胁迫。展开更多
CD134, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a crucial role in T cell survival. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） stimulated with phytohemagglutinin （PHA, 50 μg...CD134, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a crucial role in T cell survival. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） stimulated with phytohemagglutinin （PHA, 50 μg/ml） were treated by CD134 mAb （1μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml） for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The level of perforin mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） technique. Our data showed that the expression of perforin mRNA in PBMCs was down-regulated by CD134 mAb in a dose-dependent manner in range of 1 μg/ml to 5 μg/ml and dropped down to its minimum on 24 h （p 〈 0.05）. The level of perforin mRNA reached a plateau when the concentration of CD134 mAb exceeded 5 μg/ml. In conclusion, CD134 mAb can inhibit perforin expression, which may enhance the ability of T cells for survival. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）： 467-471.展开更多
phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced swelling is widely used to investigate cell-mediated and innate immunity across different vertebrate taxa.However,its physiological mechanism is still an open question due to the comple...phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced swelling is widely used to investigate cell-mediated and innate immunity across different vertebrate taxa.However,its physiological mechanism is still an open question due to the complexity of the involved immune components.In the present study,we measured the synchronous variations of PHA response,the proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as serum bactericidal capacity in circulation blood at 6,12 and 24 h after PHA versus PBS injection in striped hamster,Cricetulus barabensis.First,the results showed that PHA responses reached a peak at 6 h postinjection,then sharply declined at 12 h and 24 h postinjection.Serum bactericidal capacity was higher at 6 h and 12 h than at 24 h.The proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes did not display significant changes across different time points.Second,PHA response was positively correlated with the proportion of neutrophils and serum bactericidal capacity.The proportion of monocytes was negatively correlated with that of eosinophils and neutrophils.The proportion of basophils was negatively correlated with that of lymphocytes.Our results indicate that earlier enhanced PHA response is important for the striped hamster to cope with changing environmental conditions due to its small body mass,and the increased components of innate immunity in circulation blood may contribute to the enhancement of PHA swelling response.展开更多
目的观察乳康饮(Ru Kang Yin,RKY)刺激γδT细胞增殖对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的杀伤作用,为中医药治疗乳腺癌提供依据。方法实验分为以下4组,Ⅰ组:外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)对照组;Ⅱ组:PBMC+植物凝集素(PHA)组;Ⅲ组:PBMC+唑来膦酸(ZOL)组...目的观察乳康饮(Ru Kang Yin,RKY)刺激γδT细胞增殖对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的杀伤作用,为中医药治疗乳腺癌提供依据。方法实验分为以下4组,Ⅰ组:外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)对照组;Ⅱ组:PBMC+植物凝集素(PHA)组;Ⅲ组:PBMC+唑来膦酸(ZOL)组;Ⅳ组:PBMC+RKY组。在各组培养0 d和14 d时,用流式细胞术检测各组γδT细胞占PBMC的百分比。将用免疫磁珠分选的γδT细胞与荧光染料羧基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记的乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞以10∶1的比例共培养,测定γδT细胞对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤力。结果培养0 d时,Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组γδT细胞占PBMC百分比分别为(3.81±0.27)%、(4.19±0.41)%、(3.94±0.13)%、(4.16±0.11)%,各组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.462,P=0.296)。培养14 d时,Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组γδT细胞占PBMC百分比分别为(4.70±0.29)%、(31.09±1.95)%、(25.91±3.77)%、(28.84±2.54)%,各组间差异有统计学意义(F=71.985,P=0.000)。Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤率分别为(1.17±0.86)%、(1.56±0.13)%、(1.47±0.09)%、(2.01±0.16)%,各组间差异有统计学意义(F=24.649,P=0.000)。结论RKY可以刺激γδT细胞增殖,提高对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤力,为乳腺癌的中医药治疗提供实验依据。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32201254 and 32302545)the Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province(No.LTGN23C020003)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(No.2021DG700024-KF202403),China.
文摘Phytohemagglutinin(PHA)is a seed storage protein and a type of lectin originally discovered in the common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)for its blood-agglutinating effect.Due to its interactions with gut epithelia and digestive enzymes and its potential to trigger allergic reactions,PHA can lead to various symptoms in the human body.As a result,it has been regarded as a signifcant antinutritional factor in beans and other legumes.While several published works have summarized its structural,biochemical,and toxicological features,there is a scarcity of literature that reviews the detection,quantifcation,and reduction of PHA in beans,which is fundamental for the development of safer bean varieties.In this review,we present a comprehensive analysis of traditional and innovative bio-sensing methods for measuring PHA,including the recently available ultrapure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and emerging aptamer sensor-based techniques,while discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages.We also revisit existing studies dedicated to creating PHA-depleted common bean varieties and explore the potential for reducing PHA content in beans without compromising their resistance to biotic stress.Additionally,we offer insights into the potential for controlling PHA content using the latest biotechnologies and breeding strategies.Overall,this review compiles rare and valuable information from studies that solely focuses on detection and depletion of PHA to shed light on and apply technological advancements in addressing potential food safety risks associated with the consumption of common beans.
文摘探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和10 d时血液中各型白细胞百分比及嗜异性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes,H/L),以及第10天采血后植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin-P,PHA-P)反应的变化。结果显示:(1)随着温度下降,第1天只有嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比显著升高(P<0.05),此差异在第5天和第10天消失(P>0.05);第5天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比和H/L先升后降,淋巴细胞的百分比先降后升,单核细胞的百分比下降(P<0.05);第10天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比上升,淋巴细胞、嗜异性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比,以及H/L下降(P<0.05);(2)随着处理天数延长,除嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比无组内差异外(P>0.05),其他类型白细胞的百分比及H/L都有组内差异(P<0.05);(3)6℃组、17℃组和26℃组对PHA-P的反应分别在注射后48 h、24 h和48 h达到峰值,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。红耳龟通过调整血液中嗜酸性粒细胞等不同类型白细胞的百分比、下降的应激反应能力和提前发生反应的免疫应答来适应低温的短期胁迫。
文摘CD134, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a crucial role in T cell survival. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） stimulated with phytohemagglutinin （PHA, 50 μg/ml） were treated by CD134 mAb （1μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml） for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The level of perforin mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） technique. Our data showed that the expression of perforin mRNA in PBMCs was down-regulated by CD134 mAb in a dose-dependent manner in range of 1 μg/ml to 5 μg/ml and dropped down to its minimum on 24 h （p 〈 0.05）. The level of perforin mRNA reached a plateau when the concentration of CD134 mAb exceeded 5 μg/ml. In conclusion, CD134 mAb can inhibit perforin expression, which may enhance the ability of T cells for survival. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）： 467-471.
基金This study was supported by a Key Project of Natural Science of the Anhui Province Department of Education,China(KJ2011A114)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,The Chinese Academy of Sciences(ChineseIPM1001)to ZZQ.
文摘phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced swelling is widely used to investigate cell-mediated and innate immunity across different vertebrate taxa.However,its physiological mechanism is still an open question due to the complexity of the involved immune components.In the present study,we measured the synchronous variations of PHA response,the proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as serum bactericidal capacity in circulation blood at 6,12 and 24 h after PHA versus PBS injection in striped hamster,Cricetulus barabensis.First,the results showed that PHA responses reached a peak at 6 h postinjection,then sharply declined at 12 h and 24 h postinjection.Serum bactericidal capacity was higher at 6 h and 12 h than at 24 h.The proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes did not display significant changes across different time points.Second,PHA response was positively correlated with the proportion of neutrophils and serum bactericidal capacity.The proportion of monocytes was negatively correlated with that of eosinophils and neutrophils.The proportion of basophils was negatively correlated with that of lymphocytes.Our results indicate that earlier enhanced PHA response is important for the striped hamster to cope with changing environmental conditions due to its small body mass,and the increased components of innate immunity in circulation blood may contribute to the enhancement of PHA swelling response.
