Response of phytoplankton functional group to spring drought in a large subtropical reservoir

Global warming has caused an increase in the frequency and duration of droughts worldwide.Droughts could trigger large changes in physico-chemical conditions and phytoplankton community in waterbodies,resulting in a shift in the phytoplankton community.Spring diatom blooms in reservoirs have been increasingly observed in the past decade in the Taihu Lake basin.The aim of the present study is to elucidate the impacts of droughts on aquatic environment and to determine the driving factors for the succession of the phytoplankton functional groups based on the analysis of data collected during spring from 2009 to 2020 in the Daxi Reservoir.The unimodal relationship between 1-month aggregated precipitation index and phytoplankton species richness indicated the competitive exclusion occurred in extremely drought period.The structural equation modeling indicated that drought-related low water level conditions intensified sediment resuspension,and increased the phosphorus-enriched nonalgal turbidity in the Daxi Reservoir.Concurrently,a steady shift in the Reynolds phytoplankton functional groups from L 0,TD,J,X 2,and A(phytoplankton taxa preferring low turbidity and nutrient conditions)to TB(pennate diatoms being adapt to turbid and nutrient-rich conditions)was observed.The increased TP and non-algal turbidity in addition to the lowered disturbance contribute to the prevalence of Group TB.Considering the difficulties in nutrient control,timely water replenishment is often a feasible method of controlling the dominance of harmful algae for reservoir management.Finally,alternative water sources are in high demand for ensuring ecological safety and water availability when dealing with drought.

Impacts of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on Phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(IMTA)has been considered as an ecofriendly culture system providing a potential solution to environmental risks caused by intensive monoculture system.However,the impact of IMTA on phytoplankton remains unclear.In this study,the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay were investigated seasonally based on 21 sampling sites covering three cultivation zones(bivalve zone,IMTA zone,and kelp zone)and one control zone(without aquatic cultivation).In total,128 phytoplankton species,with diatoms and dinoflagellates as the dominant groups,were obtained across the whole year,and the mean Shannon diversity index(H')and species richness(SR)were determined as 1.39 and 9.39,respectively.The maximum chlorophyll a(Chl-a)(6.32μg L^(-1))and plankton diversity(H'of 1.97)occurred in summer and autumn,respectively.Compared to other zones,the bivalve zone displayed significantly higher Chl-a and lower H'in majority of time.Pairwise PERMANOVA analysis indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone was significantly different with the control and kelp zones,while the IMTA zone maintained close to other three zones.Based on generalized additive models,temperature,NO_(2)^(-)-N,N/P ratio,SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si,and salinity were determined as the key factors underlying Chl-a and phytoplankton diversity.Addi-tionally,the results of redundancy analysis further indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone is positively re-lated with nutrients such as NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N as well as water depth,while the phytoplankton assemblages in the kelp,control,and IMTA zones are associated with NO_(2)^(-)-N,SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si,and salinity.Taken all observations into consideration together,it can be inferred that IMTA can effectively reduce Chl-a level compared to bivalve monoculture by reducing the nutrients.However,the SR,H’,and species composition of phytoplankton are primarily determined by local environment factors such as temperature,water depth,salinity and SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si.

Distribution and dynamics of niche and interspecific association of dominant phytoplankton species in the Feiyun River basin,Zhejiang,China

To investigate the dominant species and interspecific association in the phytoplankton community of the Feiyun River basin in Zhejiang Province,East China,the main stream and the Shanxi Zhaoshandu Reservoir in the downstream were chosen as the study area,for which 22 sampling sites were designated.Sampling was conducted in September 2021,January,May,and July 2022.Phytoplankton species were identified from both quantitative samples and in-vivo observations.Phytoplankton was quantified by direct counting.Results show that there were 98 species belonging to 6 phyla and 78 genera.In addition,to clarify the niches of the dominant phytoplankton species and their interspecific association,the dominance index was calculated,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted including niche width,niche overlap value,ecological response rate,overall association,chi-square test,and the stability.The phytoplankton community exhibited characteristics of a Cyanobacteria-Chlorophyta-Diatom type community,showing higher diversity in spring and lower diversity in summer.Among 11 dominants phytoplankton species from 3 phyla,both frequency and dominance degree varied seasonally,of which Microcystis sp.was the dominant species in Spring,Autumn,and Winter.The niche widths of the dominant species ranged from 0.234 to 0.933,and were categorized into three groups.The niche overlap values of the 11 dominant species ranged from 0.359 to 0.959,exhibiting significant seasonal differences-highest in winter followed by autumn,spring,and summer in turn.The overall correlation among dominant species in all four seasons revealed a non-significant negative association,resulting in an unstable community structure.A significant portion(84.2%)of species pairs displayed positive associations,suggesting a successional pattern where Diatoms dominated while other dominant species shared resources and space.Despite this pattern,stability measurements indicated that the dominant species community remained unstable.Therefore,careful monitoring is recommended for potential water environment issues arising from abnormal proliferation of dominant species in the watershed during winter.This research built a theoretical foundation with a data support to the early warning of eutrophication and provided a reference for water resources management in similar watersheds along the eastern coast of China.

Characterization of Nutrients,Heavy Metals,Petroleum and Their Impact on Phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay:Implications for Environmental Management and Monitoring

The Laizhou Bay(LB)represents a substantial ecological area that is vulnerable to human activities and confronts diverse environmental challenges.This study provides a comprehensive characterization of nutrients,petroleum,heavy metals,and phytoplankton community structure across seven distinct areas in LB.The results indicate relatively high concentrations of NO_(2)-N,SiO_(4)-Si,and NO_(3)-N in the Southwest Laizhou Bay(SWLB)and Huanghe River Estuary(HRE).In contrast,the East Laizhou bay(ELB)and the North of Huanghe River Estuary(NHRE)exhibit the highest concentrations of heavy metals(As,Cr and Hg).The areas with high phytoplankton density and community diversity are mainly located in the SWLB.After adjusting for basic environmental factors,phytoplankton density and Margalef richness index D are significantly associated with nutrients(NO_(3)-N,NO_(2)-N,NH_(4)-N,SiO_(4)-Si),and heavy metal(Cr)concentrations.We highlight that,in addition to Xiaoqinghe River,nutrients brought by the Mihe River in the SWLB and heavy metal(Cr)pollution in the ELB resulting from industrial and mining activities along the coast significantly influence phytoplankton growth and community structure.Therefore,it is recommended that more monitoring and management efforts be focused on these regions in the future.

Effects of phosphorus limitation on sinking velocities of phytoplankton during summer in the Changjiang River Estuary

The sinking of phytoplankton is critical to organic matter transportation in the ocean and it is an essential process for the formation of coastal hypoxic zones.This study was based on a field investigation conducted during the summer of 2022 in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary(CJE) and its adjacent waters.The settling column method was employed to measure the sinking velocity(SV) of different size fractions of phytoplankton at the surface of the sea and to analyze their environmental control mechanisms.The findings reveal significant spatial variation in phytoplankton SV(-0.55-2.41 m/d) within the CJE.High-speed sinking was predominantly observed in phosphate-depleted regions beyond the CJE front.At the same time,an upward trend was more commonly observed in the phosphate-rich regions near the CJE mouth.The SV ranges for different sizefractionated phytoplankton,including micro-(>20 μm),nano-(2-20 μm),and picophytoplankton(0.7-2 μm),were-0.50-4.74 m/d,-1.04-1.59 m/d,and-1.24-1.65 m/d,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between SV and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP),implying that the influence of DIP contributes to SV.The variations in phytoplankton alkaline phosphatase activity suggested a significant increase in SV across all size fractions in the event of phosphorus limitation.Phytoplankton communities with limited photo synthetic capacity(maximum photochemical efficience,Fv/Fm <0.3) were found to have higher SV than that of communities with strong capacity,suggesting a link between sinking and alterations in physiological conditions due to phosphate depletion.The findings from the in situ phosphate enrichment experiments confirmed a marked decrease in SV following phosphate supplementation.These findings suggest that phosphorus limitation is the primary driver of elevated SV in the CJE.This study enhances the comprehension of the potential mechanisms underlying hypoxic zone formation in the CJE,providing novel insights into how nearshore eutrophication influences organic carbon migration.

The connection of phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya of the western Antarctic Peninsula to the Southern Annular Mode

Antarctic coastal polynyas are biological hotspots in the Southern Ocean that support the abundance of hightrophic-level predators and are important for carbon cycling in the high-latitude oceans.In this study,we examined the interannual variation of summertime phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya(MBP)in the western Antarctic Peninsula area,and linked such variability to the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)that dominated the southern hemisphere extratropical climate variability.Combining satellite data,atmosphere reanalysis products and numerical simulations,we found that the interannual variation of summer chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the MBP is significantly and negatively correlated with the spring SAM index,and weakly correlated with the summer SAM index.The negative relation between summer Chl-a and spring SAM is due to weaker spring vertical mixing under a more positive SAM condition,which would inhibit the supply of iron from deep layers into the surface euphotic layer.The negative relation between spring mixing and spring SAM results from greater precipitation rate over the MBP region in positive SAM phase,which leads to lower salinity in the ocean surface layer.The coupled physical-biological mechanisms between SAM and phytoplankton biomass revealed in this study is important for us to predict the future variations of phytoplankton biomasses in Antarctic polynyas under climate change.

New Insights in the Biodegradability and the Ecotoxicological Effects of Solar Products Containing Mineral and Chemical UV-Filters on Marine Zoo- and Phytoplanktons: An in silico and in vitro Study

Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9th edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Adjin Lagoon, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Investigations were carried out on spatial and seasonal composition, distribution and abundance of phytoplankton in Adjin lagoon located in south-eastern of Côte d’Ivoire. Samples were collected at six stations during the four seasons in 2013 year. Freshwater inflow from Bété, Djibi and Mé Rivers influenced the variability of nutrients concentration in this lagoon. From a seasonal point of view, the parameters studied are significantly affected by freshwater inputs during the rainy season. This period is characterized by high values of turbidity, suspended solids and nutrients in the water. Overall, 66 taxa from six phyla were recorded. The Chlorophyta had the highest species diversity and Cyanobacteria had the highest relative abundance throughout the year. The temporal distribution of phytoplankton showed that the highest values of density were recorded in the long rainy season and the lowest values in the long dry season. Spatially, the highest abundance (297,927 × 103 cells·L-1) of phytoplankton was found in station 3 and the lowest (74,222 × 103 cells·L-1) in the station 5.

Grazing rate and feeding selectivity of small and large bodied cladocerans in waters from lakes with different salinity and phytoplankton structure

Cladocera are filter feeders abundant in freshwaters,which consume phytoplankton particles in wide size and taxonomic ranges.The ability of cladocerans to control phytoplankton abundance by grazing is determined by various factors including the characteristics of phytoplankton.Freshwater salinization may reduce the strength of top-down grazing control of phytoplankton because of the detrimental effects of salinity on the grazing intensity of zooplankters.We performed grazing experiments with two species of Cladocera of different body lengths to test their ability to graze on phytoplankton in natural waters differing in salinity and size and taxonomic composition of food particles.Grazing experiments demonstrated that the grazing rate was mostly controlled by the abundance of phytoplankton in the medium.The grazing rate was reduced at salinity ca.above 3 g/L of NaCl in the medium.The lower grazing rate was observed in the medium with larger phytoplankton particles.Both species predominantly consumed phytoplankton particles with a diameter of 6-12μm,which may shift the size distribution of phytoplankton towards a larger average diameter of particles.The taxon-specific feeding was also observed,as both species predominantly consumed diatom algae.Thus,we found that because of grazing,the size and taxonomic characteristics of phytoplankton are shifted towards a less edible community.The detrimental effect of elevated salinity on grazing rate supports growing concern about freshwater salinization negatively affecting water quality,particularly reducing top-down grazing control of phytoplankton.

Distribution of chromophytic phytoplankton in the Western Subarctic Gyre of Pacific Ocean revealed by morphological observation and rbc L gene sequences

Western Subarctic Gyre(WSG),which possesses distinctive differences in oceanographic and biogeochemical processes,is situated in the northwest subarctic Pacific.The WSG is characterized by high nutrient and low chlorophyll.We carried out a field investigation in this area in summer 2020 and performed microscopic observation,cytometric counting,and RuBisCO large subunit(rbc L)gene analysis to understand the community structure and spatial distribution of chromophytic phytoplankton better.Microscopic method revealed that total phytoplankton(>10μm,including Bacillariophyta,Dinoflagellata,Ochrophyta,and Chlorophyta)abundances ranged(0.6×10^(3))-(167.4×10^(3))cells/L with an increasing trend from south to north.Dinoflagellates and Pennatae diatoms dominated the phytoplankton assemblages in the southern and northern stations,respectively.Major chromophytic phytoplankton groups derived from rbc L genes included Haptophyta,Ochrophyta,Bacillariophyta,as well as rarely occurring groups,such as Xanthophyta,Cyanobacteria,Dinoflagellata,Rhodophyta,and Cryptophyta.At the phylum level,Haptophyta was the most abundant phylum,accounting for approximately 30.80%of the total obtained operational taxonomic units in all samples.Ochrophyta and Bacillariophyta were the second and third most abundant phylum,and their relative abundance was 20.26% and 19.60%,respectively.Further,redundancy analysis showed that high proportion of diatoms(e.g.,microscopic and rbc L methods)was positively correlated with nutrients(e.g.,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous,and dissolved silicate(DSi))and negatively correlated with temperature and salinity.The proportion of Ochrophyta,Rhodophyta,and Cyanobateria identified by rbc L genes was positively correlated with salinity and temperature and showed negative correlation to nutrients.This work is the first molecular study of phytoplankton accomplished in the WSG,and our results show some discrepancies between morphological observation and rbc L gene sequences,which highlight the necessity of combining the microscopic and molecular methods to reveal the diversity of phytoplankton in marine environment.

Kuroshio Intrusion Combined with Coastal Currents Affects Phytoplankton in the Northern South China Sea Revealed by Lipid Biomarkers

The northern South China Sea(NSCS)is significantly influenced by the Kuroshio intrusion and the coastal currents.Our knowledge on the roles of both currents on phytoplankton spatial variations is still inadequate.Here,we investigated the concentrations of phytoplankton biomarkers and their proportions in surface suspended particles from 47 sites of the NSCS during summer of 2017 and 2019.Brassicasterol/epi-brassicasterol,dinosterol,and C37 alkenones were used as proxies of biomass for diatoms,dinoflagellates,and haptophytes,respectively,and their sum indicating total phytoplankton biomass.A three end-member mixing model was applied to quantitatively assess the influence extent of the Kuroshio intrusion and the coastal currents.Our results showed that the Kuroshio intrusion and the coastal currents contributed equally to the overall surface water masses in the study area;however,the two currents had distinct effects on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton.For phytoplankton biomass,the eutrophic coastal currents were likely to be the main controlling factors,while the impact of the Kuroshio intrusion was weak and stimulated significant increases in phytoplankton biomass only at certain boundary sites.For phytoplankton community structures,the Kuroshio and its intrusion were the main factors,resulting in an increase in the proportions of dinoflagellates and haptophytes.The proportion of diatoms slightly increased due to the influence of the coastal currents.Our study quantifies the effects of the Kuroshio and the coastal currents on phytoplankton in the NSCS in terms of hydrological parameters,providing an important basis for the understanding of ecological functions and biogeochemical cycles in marginal sea-open ocean boundary regions.

Carbon,Nitrogen,and Sulfur Contents in Marine Phytoplankton Cells and Biomass Conversion

In this study,we isolated and cultured phytoplankton along the coast of China and measured the cellular carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents under four temperatures.The results showed that the contents of the cellular elements varied widely among different phytoplankton.We found that temperature is one of the important factors affecting the carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents in phytoplankton cells;however,the degree of influence of temperature is different for different kinds of phytoplankton.By measuring the nitrogen content in cells,we found that the C:N ratio indirectly measured in the experiment fluctuated in the range of 3.50-8.97,and the average C:N ratio was 5.52.In this experiment,we accurately measured the cell elemental contents at different temperatures and transformed the cell count results into carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents to express the biomass.This method ensures that the contribution of species that are small in number but with a large cell volume in biomass is considered.Moreover,this method comprehensively considers the interspecific differences of species and the uneven distribution of elements in phytoplankton cells,which is of significance in the estimation of marine carbon and nitrogen budget.The distribution of nitrogen content in marine phytoplankton can well indicate the marine eutrophication caused by human activities.Climate change can affect the community structure and element composition of marine phytoplankton,meanwhile marine carbon and nitrogen element can regulate the climate to a certain extent.

Phytoplanktonic biogeography in the subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea along intensive anthropogenic stresses: roles of environmental versus spatial factors

Understanding the relative roles of local environmental effects and spatial effects on phytoplankton community is of essential importance to study the biogeography of them at regional scale. However, the determinants that driving the biogeography of phytoplankton communities in the coastal area of northern Zhejiang still remained unclear. We surveyed phytoplankton community compositions in water columns associated with environmental and spatial influences across five subzones that geographically covering this region over four seasons. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were recorded as the main dominant groups and Coscinodiscus oculs-iridis, Coscinodiscus jonesianus, and Skeletonema costatum, were identified as the major abundant species existing in all seasons.Spatially structured environmental conditions, rather than pure spatial or environmental factors, substantially shaped the biogeography of phytoplankton community, with the former mainly comprised of water temperature,dissolved oxygen, phosphate, pH, and salinity, and the latter referring to a non-negligible factor. This study was the first integrated research that combining environmental filtering with spatial factors in structuring phytoplankton communities at a complete tempo-spatial scale. Our results may facilitate to the further study of harmful algal blooms early-warning in this region.

西藏拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子

为了解西藏拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子,于2021年7月、10月和2022年5月在拉鲁湿地主要水系进行定性和定量样品采集,共采集浮游植物水样126个,从不同季节和不同生境浮游植物种类组成、多样性等方面入手,探讨拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子,为研究拉鲁湿地生态系统和稳定发展提供基础资料。结果表明:1)拉鲁湿地共鉴定出浮游植物532种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门13纲36目74科130属,物种组成表现为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型。2)拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落特征参数在不同季节和不同生境之间存在差异。夏季浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于秋季和春季,Simpson优势度指数显著高于秋季。秋季浮游植物群落的Pielou均匀度指数显著低于夏季和春季。春季浮游植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数显著低于夏季和秋季。沼泽生境的浮游植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数显著高于湿草甸生境。3)季节是浮游植物群落组成差异的关键因素,生境对浮游植物群落组成的影响较弱,夏季的距离衰减模式比秋季和春季更强。4)拉鲁湿地不同的浮游植物群落参数与不同环境因子之间存在显著的关联。5)空间因素在解释浮游植物群落变异方面具有显著贡献,而快速变化的水质变量在决定浮游植物的季节变化中起着重要作用。季节和缓慢变化水质因子的解释能力相对较弱,但仍对浮游植物群落的变异有一定影响。

循环水养殖池塘中浮游动植物功能群特征及水质评价

为研究循环水养殖模式对水生态环境的中长期影响和浮游动、植物群落的演替规律及相互作用,2018和2019年3月下旬,在湖南长沙新建的12.7 hm^(2)池塘中修建24条长22 m、宽5 m、深2.7 m的两端有推水、底部有集污设施的养殖水槽中,放养2、3龄的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio),密度分别为1 200 kg·hm^(-2)、600 kg·hm^(-2)、120 kg·hm^(-2)和480 kg·hm^(-2)。在水槽中设9个采样点:推水设施区、养殖水槽中和水槽下游区各3个,调查分析循环水养殖模式刚投入使用和养殖一年后水质理化因子变动规律及浮游动植物群落结构变化。结果显示:浮游动植物种类与功能群数量变化较小,各功能群的相对重要性指数(IRI)变化剧烈;浮游植物优势功能群由功能群E(锥囊藻)、D(针杆藻)变化为功能群TD(丝状绿藻)、J(盘星藻、栅藻),演替原因为水流频繁紊动引起水层混合的空间差异;浮游动物优势功能群由功能群PSF(浮游小型滤食者)、PMF(浮游微型滤食者)变化为功能群PMF、PLF(浮游大型滤食者)及PSP(浮游小型捕食者),表现出更具生态稳定性的浮游动物大型化趋势,滤食性鱼类放养密度低是其重要原因;小体型滤食类浮游动物主要受耐富营养、带鞭毛、较小体型浮游植物的促进作用,在此基础上,大体型滤食类浮游动物还受到附着绿藻及适应中营养生境的硅藻等促进作用;浮游植物功能群G(空球藻)、W_(1)(尖尾、梭形裸藻)和X(球粒藻、衣藻、小球藻)对捕食类浮游动物的促进作用既包括上行效应直接传导,也包括以小型滤食类浮游动物为食物链环节的间接传导;循环水养殖一年后,各点位水质的空间差异进一步加大,但该池塘仍处于轻-中污染状态,符合养殖水质标准且整体较稳定。

浮游生物对渭河水环境的响应机理及生态效应

【目的】为探究浮游生物对渭河陕西段水环境的响应机理及生态效应,【方法】以渭河陕西段为研究区,于2021年4月共设置14个采样点,采集14份水样,分析浮游生物群落结构空间分布特征;评估浮游生物群落的均匀性、物种丰富度和多样性时,常用Pielou指数、Margalef指数和Shannon-Weiner指数,并评价断面水环境质量;利用典范对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)识别环境因子对浮游植物和浮游动物群落空间分布的影响程度。【结果】结果表明:渭河陕西段浮游植物共有7门55种,硅藻门种类数最多(49.09%),优势种有6种;浮游动物共3门22种,轮虫占比最高(68.18%),优势种有4种;浮游植物的H′、J及d变化范围分别为1.017~4.025、0.267~0.890、0.446~1.099,浮游动物其指数变化范围分别为0.811~2.459、0.754~1.000、0.126~0.542;CCA分析显示,影响浮游植物群落空间分布变化的环境因子主要有TP、NH_(3)-N和pH;根据RDA分析结果显示,对于浮游动物群落结构的主要影响因子,化学需氧量(COD)和水温(WT)起到了关键作用。【结论】结论显示:渭河陕西段浮游生物指数变化显示研究区域呈现清洁—中污染状态;根据《中国淡水藻类—系统、分类及生态》《环境和指示生物(水域分册)》中浮游植物和浮游动物的水污染指示物种判断水环境状况,对比本研究浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性指数评价水环境质量,得出浮游动物对水质评价的响应结果更加准确。通过构建水环境-浮游生物对比判断模型,选择区域更加准确的评价指标,有助于提高浮游生物对水生态环境指示作用的准确性,进而揭示浮游生物对水生态环境的响应机理。以上结果可为渭河流域水生态环境保护提供理论参考。

2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因素

依据2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域的生态现状调查数据,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:2021年6月和9月共检出浮游植物3门39属79种;6月有4种优势种,以硅藻-甲藻混合占优;9月有5种优势种,均为硅藻;2个月无共有优势种。6月浮游植物丰度平均值为7.48×10^(4)个·m^(-3),9月为316.99×10^(4)个·m^(-3),浮游植物丰度的空间分布整体均表现出近岸高远岸低的分布趋势。聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构显著不同,物种演替明显,且6月浮游植物群落结构的差异性大于9月。冗余分析(RDA)显示,造成调查海域浮游植物群落结构6月和9月间存在显著差异的主要影响因素为盐度、温度、活性磷酸盐和悬浮物。6月海水环境特征为低温高盐水,磷酸盐质量浓度较低,而悬浮物质量浓度较高;9月海水环境特征为高温低盐水,活性磷酸盐较充足,悬浮物质量浓度较低。

西藏巴松错夏季浮游植物优势种生态位及其种间联结性

为了解青藏高原高寒湖泊不同空间维度浮游植物群落优势种的生态位及种间联结性,选取青藏高原东南部最大的高寒冰山堰塞湖之一的巴松错为研究地点,2020年7月进行了浮游植物定性和定量采集,共采集水平和垂直维度浮游植物水样275个,结合生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率、总体联结性、χ^(2)检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分比(PC)以及点相关系数(φ)等方法,分析优势种的生态位及种间联结性。结果显示:(1)共鉴定出浮游植物优势种5属8种,均属于硅藻门;(2)生态位宽度值差异较大,可分为3大生态位类群,水平维度对二维生态位宽度影响较明显;(3)在水平维度上,生态位重叠度达到有意义的种对比例较高,具有明显的同质性;在垂直和水平-垂直维度上,生态位重叠度达到有意义的种对比例较低,具有明显的异质性;(4)夏季浮游植物群落优势种生态响应速率在水平维度上形成正反馈,在垂直和水平-垂直维度上形成负反馈,表明巴松错夏季浮游植物群落存在多稳态,垂直和水平-垂直维度群落较水平维度更稳定;(5)夏季浮游植物群落总体处于演替初期,有正向演替趋势,物种间联结性不强,种间关系较为松散。研究结果为进一步研究高寒湖泊优势种生态位和群落多稳态提供了基础资料。

黄岐湾三倍体牡蛎养殖区浮游植物群落特征及其影响因子分析

为研究三倍体牡蛎养殖区浮游植物群落特征及其影响因子,于2021年12月—2022年9月,对福建省连江县黄岐湾三倍体牡蛎养殖区开展逐月调查,并分析了浮游植物种类组成、丰度变化及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:养殖区浮游植物共有6门65属133种,其中硅藻门101种,甲藻门28种,蓝藻门、金藻门、裸藻门和原生动物门各1种,以广温广盐种最为常见且丰度占绝对优势,优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和柔弱拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima),优势度分别为0.798和0.027;浮游植物丰度月平均值范围为1.80×10^(4)~4.14×10^(6)cells/L,平均值为5.33×10^(5)cells/L,湾外养殖区丰度显著高于湾内(P<0.05);浮游植物多样性水平较高,群落结构较稳定;冗余分析显示,影响浮游植物优势种丰度的主要环境因子为总磷、活性磷酸盐、盐度和化学需氧量,其中,中肋骨条藻受水温、活性磷酸盐影响最大,柔弱拟菱形藻受Si/P值影响最大。研究表明,中肋骨条藻的高优势度与其广温广盐特性、较强的光适应生理特征及海水中丰富的硅酸盐有关;在磷相对限制的河口海湾,磷含量和盐度是影响浮游植物优势种丰度的主要环境因子。

巢湖水体中磷的季节性波动及其驱动因素

浅水湖泊中磷的季节性波动是湖泊生态系统响应环境变化的重要过程,揭示湖泊中磷的季节性波动过程及其影响因素是科学和有效实施湖泊管控的关键。本研究利用巢湖2012-2023年的连续逐月监测数据,分析巢湖水体中磷的季节性变化规律及其驱动因素。结果表明:巢湖水体中磷呈现明显的年内波动模式,其中2-4月份是一年水体中磷的低值时段,而后逐渐升高,8-10月份达到年度水体中磷的高值时段,高值时段总磷浓度比低值时段平均高0.058 mg/L,平均增加84%,而且这个波动幅度从东到西逐步升高。浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a的年内变动模式与水体中磷的波动模式并不匹配,其中浮游植物生物量的年内峰值较磷的年内峰值出现更早,而冬季仍是浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a浓度较高时段,水体中磷的浓度却相对较低,藻类年内波动幅度对磷的波动幅度解释率不足10%,表明巢湖水体中磷的季节性波动受浮游植物的年内变化影响有限。巢湖水体中磷的年内波动模式可能主要受内源磷的自然释放过程驱动,藻类的泵吸作用和外源污染入湖的调节作用并不明显。本研究提升了对浅水湖泊中磷季节性变化规律的认识,对湖泊内源污染的管控策略制定具有重要的科学意义。