Spatial and temporal patterns of the sensitivity of radial growth response by Picea schrenkiana to regional climate change in the Tianshan Mountains

Climate change significantly impacts forest ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.However,spatiotemporal patterns of climate-sensitive changes in individual tree growth under increased climate warming and precipitation in north-west China is unclear.The dendrochronological method was used to study climate response sensitivity of radial growth of Picea schrenkiana from 158 trees at six sites during 1990-2020.The results show that climate warming and increased precipitation significantly promoted the growth of trees.The response to temperature first increased,then decreased.However,the response to increased precipitation and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index(scPDSI)increased significantly.In most areas of the Tianshan Mountains,the proportion of trees under increased precipitation and scPDSI positive response was relatively high.Over time,small-diameter trees were strongly affected by drought stress.It is predicted that under continuous warming and increased precipitation,trees in most areas of the Tianshan Mountains,especially those with small diameters,will be more affected by precipitation.

Effects of Climatic Factors on Tree-ring Maximum Latewood Density of Picea schrenkiana in Xinjiang, China

Based on two tree-ring maximum latewood density （MXD） chronologies of Picea schrenkiana from the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, the response characteristics of MXD to climate variation was discussed. Correlation analysis between MXD chronologies and instrumental records from Shihezi meteorological station showed that each chronology was significantly and positively correlated with the maximum monthly average temperature in July-August, and especially, the regional chronology （RC） was the most highly correlated variable （r=0.54, P〈0.001）. Afterwards, the maximum average temperature in July-August was reconstructed using RC. Comparison among reconstructed temperature, observed values, and the drought index （Is） confirmed that precipitation would affect MXD when the absolute value of Is is greater than 1.5σ （｜Is｜ 〉 2.5 during 1953-2008） or near to 1.5a over a 2-3 year period. The response characteristics are related to the semiarid climate of the study area. In dry years, lack of precipitation would limit the thickening of latewood cell walls and, as a result, impact MXD. Therefore, compared with relatively humid regions, the response of tree-ring MXD to air temperature similarly would be influenced by extreme moisture conditions in semiarid areas, and MXD, as a temperature proxy, should be used prudently on a limited scale.

天山北坡不同环境条件下雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林限土壤属性

为了研究干旱区天山北坡中山带长达1000余公里的单建群种山地针叶林的空间分布原因,选择精河、玛纳斯、阜康和巴里坤中山带作为四种不同的环境条件,通过对不同环境条件雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)上、下限土壤的采样与分析,探讨土壤因素对天山北坡中山带雪岭云杉分布的控制作用。雪岭云杉在天山北坡的连续分布主要是水热组合条件和土壤因素相互作用的结果,上、下限土壤属性变化与环境条件变化间存在着紧密的联系,表现为降雨量丰富的玛纳斯林区土壤肥力较高,但CaCO3含量较低,而降雨量较小的巴里坤和精河林区土壤肥力较差,但CaCO3含量较高。虽然长达1000余公里的雪岭云杉中山带环境条件差异较大,但其土壤属性变化均在雪岭云杉发育所需土壤条件的允许范围之内,这主要是受土壤成土母质、不同海拔高度的降雨量、地形、局地环流等因素的共同影响。

Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana population in the Middle Tianshan Mountains and the relationship with topographic attributes

The spatial distribution of plant populations is an important feature of population structure and it de- termines the population＇s ecological preferences, biological characteristics and relationships with environmental factors. The point pattern analysis method was adopted to study the distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana indi- viduals of different size classes and the correlations between two size classes as well as the impact of topog- raphical attributes on the population distribution. With increasing diameter at breast height, the plant density of the P. schrenkiana population showed a declining trend. Old trees showed a random distribution at a small spatial scale （0-12 m）, whereas saplings, small trees and big trees all had an aggregated distribution at all scales. With the increase of tree age, the scales at which maximal aggregation occurred gradually increased and the aggregation strength decreased. At a small scale （0-16 m）, all size classes showed a negative correlation and the larger the difference between tree size, the more significant the negative correlation. The number of medium, big and old trees had a significantly positive correlation with elevations, whereas the number of saplings and small trees was not significantly correlated with elevations. The numbers of saplings, small and medium trees showed a significant positive correlation with slope gradient, whereas the number of big trees was not significantly correlated, and the number of old trees was negatively correlated with gradient. With the exception of old trees, saplings, small, me- dium and big trees showed negative correlations with convexity index. The study provides a theoretical basis for the conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the Tianshan Mountains.

Altitudinal patterns of stand structure and herb layer diversity of Picea schrenkiana forests in the central Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China

Altitude is a useful indicator to examine patterns of forest structure and species diversity in relation to environmental factors.In this study,the altitude patterns of forest stand structure and species diversity were analyzed across 20 plots in the Tianchi Nature Reserve,Northwest China.The results showed that mean stem height（Hm）,maximum stem height（Hmax） and mean stem diameter at breast height（Dm） of Picea schrenkiana trees all decreased significantly with increasing altitude.Potential tree height（H＊） decreased while stem taper increased significantly as altitude increased,suggesting remarkable altitudinal changes in biomass allocation between the diameter and height growth of Picea schrenkiana.Understory herbaceous richness increased significantly with increasing altitude,or with decreasing total basal area（TBA）,Hm and stand volume（Volume）.High light availability for understory herbs might account for the higher species richness at high altitude.Sorensen Index decreased significantly with the increase in altitude intervals,while the Cody Index demonstrated a converse pattern,suggesting greater differences in species composition with larger distances.

伊犁山区雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)不同树干高度树木径向生长特征及其对气候响应

采集新疆伊犁地区雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)1.3 m、5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m和25 m树干高度树轮样本并研制其树轮宽度年表。通过相关分析得出不同树干高度树木径向生长对气候要素的响应关系及其稳定性,并计算出不同气象因子的相对贡献率和绝对贡献率。结果表明:(1)不同树干高度具有相似的径向生长变化特征,且平均气温和降水量的影响主要表现为各树干高度树轮宽度与当年9月降水量的显著负相关,与上年11月平均气温的显著正相关,并且5 m至25 m树干高度处还受当年7月降水量的影响。(2)通过贡献率量化各树干高度气象因子影响情况,1.3 m和5 m树干高度的主要影响因子是平均气温,而10 m、15 m、20 m和25 m树干高度的主要影响因子则是降水量。(3)滑动相关分析得到各树干高度对气候变化响应的稳定性存在差异,主要表现为各树干高度处与上年12月平均气温相关性减弱,与当年6月平均气温相关性先增强后减弱,与上年9月平均气温负相关性增强;1.3 m至15 m树干高度与当年9月降水量负相关性增强,10 m至25 m树干高度与当年1月降水量相关性减弱。通过分析不同树干高度树木径向生长与气候要素的关系,有助于了解各树干高度树木径向生长与气候响应的差异,为开展更精确的气候重建提供参考。

赛里木湖流域雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)树木径向生长对气候变化的响应

选用赛里木湖流域海西沟雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)树轮宽度标准化年表与温泉气象站历年逐月降水(月降水量,降水量≥0.1mm、≥1mm、≥2mm、≥5mm日数)、温度(月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温、平均地温)、积雪(积雪日数,积雪深度≥1cm、≥5cm、≥10cm日数)、月平均相对湿度、日照百分率及日照时数等主要气候因子,以相关函数法分析赛里木湖流域树轮宽度对气候变化的响应。结果表明:海西沟树轮宽度标准化年表与气候要素相关较好的月份集中在上年7月、上年8月、当年1月及当年7月,与降水、积雪、相对湿度正相关,而与温度、日照百分率、日照时数负相关。对器测资料上年1月到当年12月所有不同时段的顺序组合与海西沟树轮宽度标准化年表的年轮指数序列进行相关普查分析表明,在所有组合中上年8月至当年7月的降水量及降水≥5mm日数与树轮年表的相关性最好,相关系数分别为0.630和0.708,上年8月至当年7月的降水可能是该地区树轮径向生长的主要限制因子,海西沟树轮标准化宽度年表与周围的降水和PDSI均具有较好的相关性,该年表对天山北坡和中亚部分地区的降水及PDSI有较好的代表性。

天山雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林净化空气功能研究

通过对天山北坡森林中降尘量、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)浓度的动态监测,以及对不同海拔梯度树叶中硫含量的测定,分析天山雪岭云杉对空气中主要污染物吸附、过滤作用,以此来评价天山北坡森林的空气净化功能。研究结果表明:①在6～7月,郁闭度0.8的林地降尘量最多可达14.04 g/(m2.30 d),较对照空旷地滞尘量增加4.88g/(m2.30 d),增加了34.8%,其净化降尘量价值为2.17元/(m2.30 d)。②在雪岭云杉林空气中可多阻留总悬浮颗粒物0.052 mg/m3,林内较林外净化总悬浮颗粒物最多可增加70.3%。③同一时期,不同海拔梯度树叶中硫含量表现为相关性不显著性。在伤害阈值范围内,树叶硫含量会随大气中SO2浓度的增加而增加,在海拔梯度2 300 m左右树叶中的硫含量最大,为1.44 mg/g,单株雪岭云杉净化SO2的价值为2.16元。

Influence of climatic factors on tree-ring maximum latewood density of Picea schrenkiana in Xinjiang, China

The influence of temperature and precipitation on maximum latewood density （MXD） was mainly discussed in this paper, based on the samples of Picea schrenkiana from the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China. The correlation analysis between MXD and instrumental records from the Shihezi Meteorological Station showed that the MXD was positively related to the mean maximum temperature throughout the growing season at high elevations. Comparatively, the ring-width at low altitudes was limited by the precipitation in May-June. The composite chronology by MXD sequences was highly correlated with the mean maximum temperature in July- August （r = 0.54,p 〈 0.001）, which was then reconstructed by the composite chronology. The comparative analysis on the reconstructed temperatures, observed values, and drought indices （Is） revealed that precipitation would affect MXD when the absolute value of Is was greater than 1.5a （i.e., ｜Is｜ 〉 2.5） in the period of 1953-2008 A.D. or close to 1.5σ for 2-3 consecutive years. The response characteristics are linked with the semiarid climate in the study area. In a single year or consecutive years of extreme dryness, the lack of precipitation would limit the thickening oflatewood cell walls and thus impact the MXD. All in all, if a MXD chronology is aimed to reconstruct temperature history, the moisture conditions at the sampling site should be considered prudently.

天山北坡西部雪岭云杉海拔梯度生态弹性变化

基于天山北坡西部温泉哈夏林区间隔100 m海拔高度采集的雪岭云杉梯度样本的断面积生长量资料,分析树木生态弹性变化。干旱事件是区域生态弹性最主要的干扰因子,高温事件也是干扰因子之一。干扰因子的强度会造成生态弹性梯度特征的变化。在极端干旱年份,哈夏林区梯度生态弹性特征最显著,即中高海拔为强抵抗力和弱恢复力,而低海拔则呈相反态势,并出现生长衰退现象。中旱事件时不同海拔均为强抵抗力和较强的恢复力,高温年份低海拔呈现弱抵抗力和弱恢复力。在发生持续干旱时,不同海拔高度的树木生长均受到遏制,但低海拔衰退强度大于高海拔区域,高海拔区域树木对干旱的适应能力要强于中低海拔。

气候对天山中部不同海拔天山云杉径向生长的影响

为研究气候因子对天山中部不同海拔天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)径向生长的影响,在天山中部新疆农业大学实习林场内设置低、中、高3个海拔梯度(1900、2200、2500 m)进行年轮样芯取样,利用树木年轮学方法,选用1955—2022年研究区温度、降水、标准化降水蒸散发指数、帕默尔干旱指数等气象数据,与所测年轮数据进行分析。结果表明:低海拔天山云杉年轮宽度与前一年6月和当年6—8月温度、前一年8月降水以及当年6—9月帕默尔干旱指数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。中海拔天山云杉年轮宽度与前一年6月温度、8月降水以及前一年6—8月标准化降水蒸散发指数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。高海拔天山云杉年轮宽度与当年1月温度、前一年11月至当年3月标准化降水蒸散发指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与当年6—7月降水呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。因此,在林区内,天山云杉生长与环境的干湿状况随海拔变化存在密切的关系。降水是促进低海拔天山云杉径向生长的关键因素,温度和降水共同作用中海拔天山云杉生长,温度对高海拔天山云杉径向生长的影响高于降水。

天山云杉林地上植被与土壤种子库物种相似性

【目的】研究天山云杉林地上植被与土壤种子库物种相似性。【方法】以天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianshanica)林土壤种子库为研究对象,采用野外采样调查与室内萌发相结合,分析土壤种子库与地上植被的物种相似性。【结果】在天山云杉林分布海拔1600~2700 m,地上植被与土壤种子库的Jaccard系数为0.216~0.469,Sorensen系数在0.356~0.639,为中等不相似;土壤种子库相似系数随地上植被相似系数变化而出现相同变化,二者相似系数呈正相关;地上植被物种多样性远远大于土壤种子库,地上植被物种多样性与种子库物种多样性为正相关。【结论】随海拔的升高,土壤种子库与地上植被物种相似性总体上为先升高后降低的变化;地上植被物种多样性高于土壤种子库的物种多样性,物种多样性随海拔上升多样性下降。

东天山北坡雪岭云杉种群结构动态的海拔格局

雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)是天山特有树种,也是天山森林优势种;研究其种群结构动态的海拔梯度变化有助于保护、管理这一重要的森林资源。本研究以东天山北坡江布拉克景区的雪岭云杉种群为研究对象,利用便携式背包雷达(LiBackpack)扫描与手测验证相结合的方法,在1800—2600 m的海拔梯度上设置了27个30 m×30 m(共24300 m^(2))的样方进行调查测量,基于树木胸径数据,制作了雪岭云杉的静态生命表和存活曲线,计算其种群数量动态变化指数和时间序列预测模型,分析不同海拔高度雪岭云杉种群结构动态特征。结果表明:1)整体来看,江布拉克景区雪岭云杉种群结构现状良好,但幼苗(DBH<5 cm)储备明显不足。低、高海拔雪岭云杉种群径级结构表现为“倒J型”,中海拔段为“稳定型”。雪岭云杉种群在不同海拔高度存在幼龄树死亡率高的共性。2)中海拔雪岭云杉种群动态变化指数最低;低海拔种群危险率最低;表明中海拔树木存活能力最强,雪岭云杉种群在中海拔生长状况最好。3)时间序列预测模型表明,研究区雪岭云杉种群未来动态更新趋势良好,未来2、4、6、8径级时,低海拔段Ⅱ—Ⅶ径级、高海拔段Ⅱ、Ⅳ—Ⅷ径级个体数量呈现增加的趋势;中海拔不同径级个体数量变化较小。建议对低、高海拔雪岭云杉种群个体采取抚育、间伐措施,中海拔砍伐过多的区域应移栽原生苗而促进雪岭云杉种群发育更新;同时加大管理力度,减少人为干扰。

新疆天山云杉种子雨时空动态分布及种子萌发特性

【目的】研究新疆天山云杉Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica种子雨时空动态分布规律和种子萌发状况,为预测森林群落的演替趋势,并为保护天山森林生态系统的物种多样性提供科学依据。【方法】在林场设置3块面积为1 hm^(2)天然林永久固定监测样地,采用机械布局的方法以10 m×10 m的样方为单位,在样方中心设置1个种子雨收集器,每个样地共100个收集器。采用方差/均值(C_(x))、负二项指数(K)、聚集度指标(I)、Cassie R M指标(CA)等4种空间分布类型评价方法判别种子雨空间分布状态。此外,进行种子萌发试验,分别测定种子千粒重、发芽势和发芽率。【结果】9月下旬至10月中旬散种量较高;2022年的种子雨总量极显著高于2021年的种子雨总量;C_(x)为2047.01、K为1.02、I为2046.01、CA为0.99,4个指标均显示种子空间分布呈聚集分布;各样地高峰期的天山云杉种子千粒重显著高于初始期和末尾期的天山云杉种子千粒重;而种子雨初始期和高峰期的种子平均发芽势与平均发芽率差异不显著,但都显著高于末尾期的种子的平均发芽势和平均发芽率。【结论】天山云杉种子的散种量存在较大的年际变化,且种子空间分布呈聚集分布,落种高峰期为9月下旬至10月中旬,此时种子质量最大,平均发芽率和发芽势最高。

气候变化背景下的天山云杉潜在分布区预测

天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana)是天山地区最主要的树种之一,为天山山地的水土保持和水源涵养发挥着重要的作用。本文基于气候相似性原理以最大熵(MaxEnt)模型为基础结合ArcGIS预测当前(2000—2020年)与2020—2040年、2040—2060年两个时段3种气候情景低温室气体排放条件(SSP1-2.6)、中温室气体排放条件(SSP3-7.0)和高温室气体排放条件(SSP5-8.5)下天山云杉的潜在分布范围,并分析影响天山云杉分布的主要环境因子。结果表明:(1)MaxEnt模型对天山云杉的分布区预测可信度高,所有模型AUC值均大于0.99。温度(等温性、季节性温度变异、年平均温度)与降水(最冷季度的降水量、最湿月的降水量、最干季度的降水量)是影响天山云杉潜在分布的主导因子;其中温度为当前主要的影响因子,最冷季度的降水量为未来的主要影响因子。(2)当前时期天山云杉的适生区主要分布在新疆、青海、内蒙古、西藏、甘肃、宁夏、陕西、四川等地区的山区,总适生区面积为299.17×10^(4)km^(2),高适区面积为49.45×10^(4)km^(2)。未来各情景下天山云杉的潜在适生区面积变化不大且分布仍以这些地区为主,但高适生区较当前均表现增加。除2020—2040年SSP5-8.5情景下天山云杉的适宜分布向东南方向迁移外,其他情景天山云杉的适宜分布有向西扩展的趋势。

地理环境因素对天山云杉球果和针叶表型多样性的影响

以天然分布在天山北坡的天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)种群为研究对象,在天山北坡天山云杉生长范围内按一定间隔距离选择不同经度的4个区域,在区域内选择4个具有代表性的天山云杉天然林作为典型种群(吉木萨尔、乌鲁木齐、乌苏、巩留);以各种群天山云杉自然分布的下限至上限为基准,每隔50 m划分为1个海拔段,每个海拔段内随机选取3株直立、健康、叶片颜色基本一致的成年(结球果)天山云杉,每株均从树冠中部的东、西、南、北方向,采集球果20枚、针叶(主枝上2年生枝条)20枚,测定球果性状(球果干质量、球果长、球果宽、果形指数、种鳞长、种鳞宽、种鳞长宽比)、针叶性状(针叶长、针叶宽、叶形指数、叶厚度、叶面积);应用巢式方差分析法、多重比较法、多样性分析法、冗余分析法等方法,分析天山云杉球果和针叶表型分化水平、多样性特征及其与地理环境因素之间的相关性。结果表明:天山云杉球果和针叶表型分化系数均值为43.35%,表型变异的主要来源为种群内。表型性状重复力变幅为0.2007~0.5055、平均重复力0.3692,属于中等重复力水平;表型性状间球果干质量变异系数最大(14.59%),种群间乌苏的变异系数最大(8.964%)。表型性状香农-维纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数均值为2.0347、辛普森(Simpson)多样性指数均值为0.8524,说明天山云杉具有较高的多样性。天山云杉不同种群间,表型分化水平、多样性特征存在一定的差异,海拔是影响天山云杉表型性状的主要影响因素,其次为降水、经度。

不同龄级及林分密度天山云杉的碳储量及其分配特征

为了探究天山北麓不同龄级及林分密度天山云杉天然林生态系统的碳储量及其在各层次(植被层、枯落物层、土壤层)分配格局的变化,分别选择天山北麓中龄林、近熟林和成熟林3种龄级下的低密度(300~500株·hm^(-2))、中密度(500~600株·hm^(-2))、高密度(600~800株·hm^(-2))3种林分密度共9种天山云杉天然林为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对天山云杉天然林生态系统中不同层次的碳储量进行估算。结果表明:天山云杉天然林乔木层组分地上和地下生物量在中龄林和近熟林中,随林分密度的增大而升高,而在成熟林中则随林分密度的增大呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。在天山云杉天然林草本层与枯落物层中,枯落物层组分生物量为主要分配,占74.46%~99.45%;草本层组分生物量仅占0.55%~25.54%。天山云杉天然林的植被碳储量在中龄林中,随林分密度增大而升高,而在近熟林、成熟林中则随林分密度增大呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;在天山云杉天然林各林分中,土壤碳储量随龄级和林分密度的增大呈先降低后升高的趋势;生态系统碳储量在中龄高密度林最高(570.65 t·hm^(-2)),而在中龄低密度林最低(287.21 t·hm^(-2))。天山云杉天然林生态系统的碳储量空间分布格局为:土壤层碳储量占比最高,为49.74%~72.92%,其次是乔木层碳储量占30.22%~49.54%,草本层和枯落物层的碳储量占比仅为0.32%~2.28%。土壤层是天山云杉天然林生态系统的主要碳库,天山云杉天然林生态系统在生长过程中能显著地积累有机碳,中龄高密度林有助于生物量及碳含量的积累,近熟林、成熟林的高密度林应进行适量的间伐,提高林分的固碳能力。

天山云杉球果性状变异及其与地理因子关联性

以分布于天山中东部-天山西部沿线的4个天山云杉种群为材料,采用描述性统计、巢式方差分析、多重比较,聚类分析,讨论种群间及种群内球果、种鳞性状差异,分析天山云杉球果、种鳞性状随海拔梯度地理变化规律,运用Pearson相关性分析探究性状与地理、气候因子间的相关性,揭示地理变异规律。结果表明,天山云杉球果7个性状在种群间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),变异丰富,球果干质量的变异系数最大,在群体内变异幅度最高,球果宽的变异系数最小;天山云杉的球果干质量、球果长、球果宽、种鳞长、种鳞宽随海拔上升呈逐渐减小趋势,球果长宽比、种鳞长宽比随海拔梯度无显著变化;球果性状之间呈极显著相关关系,海拔和降水量影响球果大小;聚类分析将4个天然种群分为3类:第1类为天山中部种群和天山中西部种群;第2类为天山中东部种群;第3类为天山西部种群。天山云杉球果性状表型变异丰富,各个性状随海拔梯度存在一定变化规律。

不同分辨遥感影像下天山云杉林分形特征

【目的】研究分辨率改变较小的情况下的天山云杉林分形特征的稳定性,为天山云杉林区划调查提供依据。【方法】以天山云杉林为研究对象,选取分辨率为0.1 m(无人机影像)和0.5 m(WorldView-3影像)2种遥感影像,分别计算其分形维数,使用ENVI、PIX4D等软件对WorldView-3影像和无人机影像进行预处理,在MATLAB中分别采用双毯覆盖模型法和分形布朗运动法计算171个不天山云杉林样方的分形维数。【结果】(1)天山云杉林分形维数的取值范围主要集中在2.3~2.6;在WorldView-3影像下,采用双毯覆盖模型法和分形布朗运动法计算得到:天山云杉林分形维数的取值范围主要集中在2.2~2.7。(2)天山云杉林分形维数的值不会随着值数量的增加而发生较大的改变,始终处于稳定的取值区间内。【结论】无人机影像和WorldView-3影像下天山云杉林分形维数分别为2.4513和2.4782,2种不同分辨率(0.1和0.5 m)下的天山云杉林分形维数值取值区间基本相同,即天山云杉林在一定的分辨率下有着稳定的分形特征。

Application and verification of simultaneous determination of cellulose δ^(13)C and δ^(18)O in Picea shrenkiana tree rings from northwestern China using the high-temperature pyrolysis method

Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide important data in ecological,archaeological,and paleoenvironmental researches,thereby,the demand for stable isotope analyses is increasing rapidly.Simultaneous measurement of cellulose δC and δO values from tree rings would reduce the cost of isotopic commodities and improve the analytical efficiency compared with conventional separate measurement.In this study,we compared the δC and δO values of tree-ringα-cellulose from Tianshan spruce(Picea schrenkiana)in an arid site in the drainage basin of the Urumqi River in Xinjiang of northwestern China based on separate and simultaneous measurements,using the combustion method(at1050°C)and the high-temperature pyrolysis method(at 1350°C and 1400°C).We verified the results of simultaneous measurement using the outputs from separate measurement and found that both methods(separate and simultaneous)produced similar δC values.The two-point calibrated method improved the results(range and variation)of δC and δO values.The mean values,standard deviations,and trends of the tree-ring δC obtained by the combustion method were similar to those by the pyrolysis method followed by two-point calibration.The simultaneously measured δO from the pyrolysis method at 1400°C had a nearly constant offset with that the pyrolysis method at 1350°C due to isotopic-dependence on the reaction temperature.However,they showed similar variations in the time series.The climate responses inferred from simultaneously and separately measured δC and δO did not differ between the two methods.The tree-ring δC and δO values were negatively correlated with standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index from May to August.In addition,the δO was significantly correlated with temperature(positive),precipitation(negative),and relative humidity(negative)from May to August.The tree-ring δC and δO values determined simultaneously through the high-temperature pyrolysis method could produce acceptable and reliable stable isotope series.The simultaneous isotopic measurement can greatly reduce the cost and time requirement compared with the separate isotopic measurement.These results are consistent with the previous studies at humid sites,suggesting that the simultaneous determination of δC and δO in tree-ringα-cellulose can be used in wide regions.