An empirical model for COD removal in a biological aerated filter (BAF) in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) was developed, which related effluent COD to influent COD or hydraulic loading rate along the b...An empirical model for COD removal in a biological aerated filter (BAF) in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) was developed, which related effluent COD to influent COD or hydraulic loading rate along the bed height. The overall reaction rate for substrate biodegradation could be described as pseudo first order. The experimental data of COD removal against reactor height were used to calculate the parameters in the empirical model. The COD concentration at different reactor height was expressed as a function of influent COD concentration and hydraulic loading rate, ln(C0/C)=0.124H/QC0^0.77 and ln(C/C0)=-5.63H/L^0.94, respectively, under the experimental condition. The models may be used to predict the COD removal profiles along the reactor height at different hydraulic loading rates and influent COD concentration for design, selection and sizing of BAF.展开更多
目的:观察改良肝脏糖原PAS染色法,并观察肝脏糖原染色在急性肝损伤中的应用。方法:复制CCl4急性肝损伤模型,首次100%CCl43 m L/kg皮下注射,此后50%CCl4橄榄油溶液2 m L/kg每周2次共4次皮下注射,诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型。计算大鼠肝体比...目的:观察改良肝脏糖原PAS染色法,并观察肝脏糖原染色在急性肝损伤中的应用。方法:复制CCl4急性肝损伤模型,首次100%CCl43 m L/kg皮下注射,此后50%CCl4橄榄油溶液2 m L/kg每周2次共4次皮下注射,诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型。计算大鼠肝体比;HE染色观察肝组织炎症病理;试剂盒检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、白蛋白(Alb)。肝脏常规PAS染色与改良PAS染色观察肝糖原染色。结果:与正常组相比,模型组ALT、AST活性与TBil含量明显升高(P<0.05),Alb含量明显降低(P<0.05);HE染色示,模型组肝小叶结构排列紊乱,肝细胞脂肪变、气球样变明显。常规PAS染色,正常组肝组织PAS染色阳性占肝脏面积为32.38%±5.50%;与正常组相比,模型组肝组织PAS阳性染色明显减少(P<0.01),占肝脏面积为8.60%±3.34%。改良PAS染色提示,正常组肝脏可见大量PAS阳性染色,占肝脏面积为75.50%±9.02%;与正常组相比,模型组肝组织PAS阳性染色明显减少(P<0.01),占肝脏面积为17.61%±3.53%。在空白对照组与模型肝组织中,肝糖原改良PAS染色阳性率明显高于常规PAS染色法(P<0.01)。改良PAS染色肝糖原阳性染色面积更真实反映急性肝损伤程度。结论:改良肝脏糖原PAS染色法有助于急性肝损伤程度评估。展开更多
Two new energetic compounds (AIM)(HTNR) and (AIM)(PA)(AIM=2-azidoimidazole, TNR=2,4,6-trini troresorcinol, PA=picric acid) have been prepared by AIM(2-azidoimidazolium) and TNR(2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol) ...Two new energetic compounds (AIM)(HTNR) and (AIM)(PA)(AIM=2-azidoimidazole, TNR=2,4,6-trini troresorcinol, PA=picric acid) have been prepared by AIM(2-azidoimidazolium) and TNR(2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol) or PA(picric acid) and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectrum. Their crystal structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The obtained results show that (AIM)(HTNR) crystal belongs to monoc linic, P21/c space group, a=1.1306(2) nm, b=0.70305(14) nm, c=1.7398(4) nm, β=106.91°, V=1.3231(5) nm3, Dc=1.778 g/cm3, Z=4, R1=0.0524, wR2[I 〉2σ(I)]=0.1067 and S=1.092 and (AIM)(PA) crystal belongs to monoclinic P21/c space group, a=0.80303(16) nm, b=0.81395(16) nm, c=2.0471(4) nm, β=93.93(3)°, V=1.3349(5) nm3, Dc=1.683 g/cm3, Z=4, R1=0.0784, wR2[I〉2σ(I)]=0.1814 and S=1.098. Both the compounds have electrostatic attraction and hy drogen bonds, which contribute to making the constructions more stable. The decomposition of the two compounds was studied via differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry(TG-DTG) techniques at a heating rate of 10 oC/min, and the results show that both the compounds underwent one intensive exothermic decomposition stage. Sensitivity tests reveal that the title compounds were insensitive to friction and im pact and sensitive to flame and could be applied in potential pyrotechnics.展开更多
以植酸钙(PA-Ca)为载体、H2Pd Cl4为前驱体、甲醇为还原剂,制备了PA-Ca负载Pd的Pd/PA-Ca催化剂,对其进行XRF、BET、SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS表征,并用于苯甲醛氧化制备苯甲酸反应,考察催化剂用量、反应温度和溶剂种类对催化剂催化性能的影响...以植酸钙(PA-Ca)为载体、H2Pd Cl4为前驱体、甲醇为还原剂,制备了PA-Ca负载Pd的Pd/PA-Ca催化剂,对其进行XRF、BET、SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS表征,并用于苯甲醛氧化制备苯甲酸反应,考察催化剂用量、反应温度和溶剂种类对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂中负载Pd质量分数为1.03%,钠质量分数为1.05%;合成的PA-Ca载体为晶化程度较低的介孔材料,比表面积为18.85 m^2·g^(-1);催化剂活性物种为Pd0和PdO。在催化剂用量n(苯甲醛)∶n(Pd)=2 000∶1、乙腈作溶剂、O_2压力101.325 k Pa(流速20 m L·min^(-1))、反应温度30℃和反应时间4 h条件下,苯甲醛转化率为83%,苯甲酸选择性为100%;催化剂具有较好的稳定性,可循环使用3~4次。展开更多
Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under anoxic conditions has ...Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou, China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish, 3-5 mm in diameter, convex in the center, and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods, measuring (0.6-0.7)×(0.9-1.0) pm, V-shaped, with clubbed ends, Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA ( 1438 bp) sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor, but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as: dimethyl phthalate (DMP)→monomethyl phthalate (MMP)--,phthalic acid (PA). DMP biodegradation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d 1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Grant for Graduate of Jiangsu Province (AD20246)
文摘An empirical model for COD removal in a biological aerated filter (BAF) in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) was developed, which related effluent COD to influent COD or hydraulic loading rate along the bed height. The overall reaction rate for substrate biodegradation could be described as pseudo first order. The experimental data of COD removal against reactor height were used to calculate the parameters in the empirical model. The COD concentration at different reactor height was expressed as a function of influent COD concentration and hydraulic loading rate, ln(C0/C)=0.124H/QC0^0.77 and ln(C/C0)=-5.63H/L^0.94, respectively, under the experimental condition. The models may be used to predict the COD removal profiles along the reactor height at different hydraulic loading rates and influent COD concentration for design, selection and sizing of BAF.
文摘目的:观察改良肝脏糖原PAS染色法,并观察肝脏糖原染色在急性肝损伤中的应用。方法:复制CCl4急性肝损伤模型,首次100%CCl43 m L/kg皮下注射,此后50%CCl4橄榄油溶液2 m L/kg每周2次共4次皮下注射,诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型。计算大鼠肝体比;HE染色观察肝组织炎症病理;试剂盒检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、白蛋白(Alb)。肝脏常规PAS染色与改良PAS染色观察肝糖原染色。结果:与正常组相比,模型组ALT、AST活性与TBil含量明显升高(P<0.05),Alb含量明显降低(P<0.05);HE染色示,模型组肝小叶结构排列紊乱,肝细胞脂肪变、气球样变明显。常规PAS染色,正常组肝组织PAS染色阳性占肝脏面积为32.38%±5.50%;与正常组相比,模型组肝组织PAS阳性染色明显减少(P<0.01),占肝脏面积为8.60%±3.34%。改良PAS染色提示,正常组肝脏可见大量PAS阳性染色,占肝脏面积为75.50%±9.02%;与正常组相比,模型组肝组织PAS阳性染色明显减少(P<0.01),占肝脏面积为17.61%±3.53%。在空白对照组与模型肝组织中,肝糖原改良PAS染色阳性率明显高于常规PAS染色法(P<0.01)。改良PAS染色肝糖原阳性染色面积更真实反映急性肝损伤程度。结论:改良肝脏糖原PAS染色法有助于急性肝损伤程度评估。
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China(No.NCET-10-0051)the Exploration Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, China(No.YBKT10-05)+1 种基金the Key Support Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, China(No.ZDKT10-01b) the Science and Technology Fund on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory(No.9140C3703051105)
文摘Two new energetic compounds (AIM)(HTNR) and (AIM)(PA)(AIM=2-azidoimidazole, TNR=2,4,6-trini troresorcinol, PA=picric acid) have been prepared by AIM(2-azidoimidazolium) and TNR(2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol) or PA(picric acid) and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectrum. Their crystal structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The obtained results show that (AIM)(HTNR) crystal belongs to monoc linic, P21/c space group, a=1.1306(2) nm, b=0.70305(14) nm, c=1.7398(4) nm, β=106.91°, V=1.3231(5) nm3, Dc=1.778 g/cm3, Z=4, R1=0.0524, wR2[I 〉2σ(I)]=0.1067 and S=1.092 and (AIM)(PA) crystal belongs to monoclinic P21/c space group, a=0.80303(16) nm, b=0.81395(16) nm, c=2.0471(4) nm, β=93.93(3)°, V=1.3349(5) nm3, Dc=1.683 g/cm3, Z=4, R1=0.0784, wR2[I〉2σ(I)]=0.1814 and S=1.098. Both the compounds have electrostatic attraction and hy drogen bonds, which contribute to making the constructions more stable. The decomposition of the two compounds was studied via differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry(TG-DTG) techniques at a heating rate of 10 oC/min, and the results show that both the compounds underwent one intensive exothermic decomposition stage. Sensitivity tests reveal that the title compounds were insensitive to friction and im pact and sensitive to flame and could be applied in potential pyrotechnics.
文摘以植酸钙(PA-Ca)为载体、H2Pd Cl4为前驱体、甲醇为还原剂,制备了PA-Ca负载Pd的Pd/PA-Ca催化剂,对其进行XRF、BET、SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS表征,并用于苯甲醛氧化制备苯甲酸反应,考察催化剂用量、反应温度和溶剂种类对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂中负载Pd质量分数为1.03%,钠质量分数为1.05%;合成的PA-Ca载体为晶化程度较低的介孔材料,比表面积为18.85 m^2·g^(-1);催化剂活性物种为Pd0和PdO。在催化剂用量n(苯甲醛)∶n(Pd)=2 000∶1、乙腈作溶剂、O_2压力101.325 k Pa(流速20 m L·min^(-1))、反应温度30℃和反应时间4 h条件下,苯甲醛转化率为83%,苯甲酸选择性为100%;催化剂具有较好的稳定性,可循环使用3~4次。
文摘Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou, China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish, 3-5 mm in diameter, convex in the center, and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods, measuring (0.6-0.7)×(0.9-1.0) pm, V-shaped, with clubbed ends, Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA ( 1438 bp) sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor, but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as: dimethyl phthalate (DMP)→monomethyl phthalate (MMP)--,phthalic acid (PA). DMP biodegradation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d 1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.