Energy‐based analysis of seismic damage mechanism of multi‐anchor piles in tunnel crossing landslide area

To study the damage mechanism of multi‐anchor piles in tunnel crossing landslide area under earthquake,the damping performance of multi‐anchor piles was discussed.The energy dissipation springs were used as the optimization device of the anchor head to carry out the shaking table comparison test on the reinforced slope.The Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum were proposed to analyze the seismic damage mechanism of the multi‐anchor piles,and the peak Fourier spectrum amplitude(PFSA)was used to verify the effectiveness of the method.The results show that the seismic energy is concentrated in the high‐frequency component(30-40Hz)of the Hilbert spectrum and the low‐frequency component(12-30 Hz)of the marginal spectrum.This indicates that they can be combined with the distribution law of the PFSA to identify the overall and local dynamic responses of the multi‐anchored piles,respectively.The stretchable deformation of the energy‐dissipation springs improves the coordination of the multi‐anchor piles,resulting in better pile integrity.The damage mechanism of the multi‐anchor piles is elucidated based on the energy method:local damage at the top and middle areas of the multi‐anchor piles is mainly caused by the low‐frequency component(12-30 Hz)of the marginal spectrum under the action of 0.15g and 0.20g seismic intensities.As the seismic intensity increases to 0.30g,the dynamic response of the slope is further amplified by the high‐frequency component(30-40 Hz)of the Hilbert energy spectrum,which leads to the overall damage of the multi‐anchor piles.

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Co-Evolution Optimization of Anchored Row Piles for Deep Foundation Pit

The thinking of co evolution is applied to the optimization of retaining and protecting structure for deep foundation excavation, and the system of optimization of anchored row piles for deep foundation pit has been already developed successfully. For the co evolution algorithm providing an evolutionary mechanism to simulate ever changing problem space, it is an optimization algorithm that has high performance, especially applying to the optimization of complicated system of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. It is shown by many engineering practices that the co evolution algorithm has obvious optimization effect, so it can be an important method of optimization of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. Here the authors discuss the co evolution model, object function, all kinds of constraint conditions and their disposal methods, and several key techniques of system realization.

Dynamic Behavior of Double-Row Pre-stressed Anchor Piles under Earthquake Conditions

To investigate the seismic performance of the double-row pre-stressed anchor piles （DRPAPs） on the Yuxi-Mengzi railway, FLAC3D was used to construct a three-dimensional model. Using Koyna earthquake records as input motions, dynamic time-history analyses were carried out. In the analyses, we compared earth pressure on the front and back of the piles and deformation of the piles under different seismic forces with or without anchor cables. With the anchor cable present, the earth pressure on the back of the pile＇s free section increases, but that on the back of the pile＇s anchorage section decreases. Also, with anchor cables, the earth pressure on the front of the upper pile decreases, and that on the back of the lower pile decreases.

Study on the Horizontal Movement State of Suction Anchor Piles for Offshore Wind Power during Horizontal Pulling

The subsea anchor piles of offshore wind power floating platform structures are mainly subjected to uplift and horizontal loads, and this paper focuses on the case of horizontal loads. A three-dimensional numerical simulation study of the horizontal pullout characteristics of wind power suction anchor piles in clay layers was carried out to reveal the horizontal movement state of the anchor piles during horizontal pile pullout, the range of pile depth at the pullout point where the horizontal movement is achieved (referred to as the horizontal movement range), the relationship between the pullout load and the ultimate load during the horizontal movement, and the optimal location of the pullout point for the horizontal movement. The results show that at certain pull-out points, the anchor pile produces an overall horizontal movement state under suitable horizontal pull-out loads. The depth of the pile pull-out point for horizontal movement is in the middle and lower part of the pile, i.e. 14.2 m to 14.5 m. The horizontal pull-out load of 24,000 kN at a depth of 14.5 m within the pile horizontal movement range of 14.2m to 14.5 m is the maximum ultimate horizontal pull-out load;the optimum pull-out point depth is 14.5 m at 0.275 L (L is the pile length). For each pull-out point of the anchor pile in horizontal movement, the horizontal pull-out load in horizontal movement and the horizontal ultimate pull-out load existed and it was found that the two values were not exactly the same, the values were compared and it was found that at the optimum pull-out point the value of the ultimate horizontal pull-out load/horizontal pull-out load in horizontal movement tended to 1.

含建筑桩基的顺层岩质边坡桩锚支护体系振动台模型试验研究

基于Bockinghamπ定理,对具有建筑桩基的顺层岩质边坡桩锚支护体系开展振动台模型试验,通过分析预应力锚索、建筑桩基的应变以及边坡坡顶加速度,研究支护体系的动力响应规律。结果表明,预应力锚索的应变在地震波加速度达到峰值时达到最大值,且上排锚索受力大于下排锚索,随着地震幅值的增大,最上排锚索锚固段率先发生滑移破坏失去锚固作用;建筑桩基应变最大值点位于滑动面以下一定深度,且远离边坡坡面的建筑桩基受力大于邻近边坡坡面的建筑桩基;坡顶各点峰值加速度随地震波幅值增大整体表现为线性增大,但在Wenchuan-Wolong波(0.55g)和Sin波(0.4g)工况时,各点峰值加速度相对有所下降,随着地震波幅值增大,各点峰值加速度放大系数在汶川波和正弦波作用下并非单调变化,而是表现为先减小后增大波动变化特点。

考虑多失效模式的桩锚结构鲁棒性设计及经济性优化

目的 研究岩土力学参数的不确定性对桩锚支护体系的整体影响,探究经济性和鲁棒性共同作用的优化设计。方法 选取黄土地区工程案例,考虑支护桩隆起破坏、支护桩倾覆破坏、整体稳定性破坏三类破坏形式,使用蒙特卡洛及点估计法嵌套的方式求出不同设计组合下的失效概率及标准差;同时考虑优化设计的经济性,筛选出桩锚支护结构体系的鲁棒性优化设计方案。结果 随着桩长增加,主控模式由隆起破坏向整体稳定性改变,不同的几何参数对结构鲁棒性影响不同,优化后可以获得同时满足经济性、鲁棒性及可靠度要求的最佳设计方案。结论 在桩锚结构设计中考虑经济性优化及多失效模式的鲁棒性设计是必要的。

成都地铁基坑围护桩大变形原因分析及对策研究

[目的]周边环境及地质条件复杂的地铁基坑施工稍有不慎易导致基坑事故的发生。需分析基坑围护桩大变形原因,并提出针对性加固措施。[方法]以成都某近接老旧建筑物的桩锚支护结构地铁车站基坑为工程背景,分析了基坑施工过程中围护桩体发生大变形的原因,提出控制围护桩变形的加固措施。通过Harding-soil二阶高级本构模型研究了围护桩发生变形后,坑内采用反压堆载、基坑坑外坡体采用钢管桩及再次开挖前加强两道锚索措施的可行性。[结果及结论]模拟计算结果及现场实测结果表明,围护桩累计位移为77.77 mm;围护桩产生大变形后采用加固措施,可将围护桩水平位移控制在53 mm以内;根据模拟计算结果及现场实测结果,二者桩体水平位移曲线变化规律一致。实际施工结果表明,采取加固措施后,基坑变形控制效果明显,后续施工过程中未发生大范围变形。

桩锚支护越冬基坑抗冻胀性能分析

为解决桩锚支护基坑的越冬问题,对该类基坑负温状态下的抗冻胀性能进行研究。可为实际工程中越冬基坑的桩锚支护设计提供参考依据。考虑锚杆的预应力、层数、间距及锚固长度等因素,运用FLCA^(3D)软件在负温状态下对桩锚支护基坑进行数值模拟研究,分析桩侧冻胀力及桩体位移的变化规律。结果表明锚杆预应力对基坑桩体水平位移影响非常显著,随基坑深度增加,桩侧冻胀力呈增-减-增趋势;随锚杆层数增加,桩体水平位移逐渐减小,而桩侧冻胀力逐渐增大;锚杆竖向间距对桩体的水平位移及桩侧冻胀力的影响较小,桩体水平位移越小,桩侧冻胀力越大;桩体水平位移及桩侧冻胀力随锚固长度增加而增大。研究结果可为桩锚支护越冬基坑的设计和应用提供指导和参考。

桩撑式支护基坑通用弹性地基梁分析法

弹性地基梁法常用于模拟分析桩撑(锚)式支护基坑在开挖、设撑等施工工况中变形和受力的变化。目前利用该方法对某工况基坑分析时,首先要将整个支护桩在支撑处划分为若干个桩段,然后利用相邻桩段交界处的位移连续条件和受力平衡条件,推导出相应的待定参数方程,之后再利用求出的待定参数分析支护体系(基坑)的变形和受力。由于不同施工工况对应的支撑数和桩段数不同,因此该方法必须根据不同工况重新推导各自的参数方程,从而导致计算过程繁杂,难以形成通用计算公式和方法,也不易编程等问题。通过将支撑与桩段归纳为3种基本连接形式(即支撑分别相连于桩顶、相邻两桩段之间和坑底),本文建立了相邻两个桩段间待定参数的递推公式,进而推导出了适用于内支撑和锚索支撑形式、任意支撑道数、开挖或设撑工况的通用待定参数方程。该方程仅含4个参数,远少于现有方法且易于求解。文中算例结果验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。

杂填土地层深基坑微型桩-锚-撑组合支护体系受力特性原位试验

为深入研究杂填土地层深基坑桩-锚-撑组合支护体系受力特性,依托青岛市某深基坑工程开展微型桩-锚-撑原位试验,分析不同开挖工况下双排微型钢管桩桩身弯矩与预应力锚索轴力的演化规律,揭示该支护体系下前、后排桩的受力性状、预应力锚索应力分布特征,探讨邻近建筑物、基坑暴露时间及钢支撑拆除对该支护体系内力的影响。研究结果表明:1)在基坑开挖过程中,前排桩在受力中起主导作用;当开挖至基底时,桩身最大正、负弯矩极值呈现增大趋势,且极值点不断下移,开挖面以上桩身弯矩均呈正“S”型分布。2)开挖深度增加引起开挖面上、下1.0 m范围内桩身弯矩显著增大,前排桩桩身的反弯点分别位于钢支撑下方0.5 m、开挖面位置。3)在开挖过程中,锚索轴力沿埋深方向呈现减小趋势,锚固段前端1.5 m之后的轴力基本不变或呈微小波动。4)锚索锚固段应力高度集中在锚固段前端4.0 m以内的区域,约为锚固段长度的44%,锚固段末端基本未产生轴力,可对该段长度进行优化处理。5)邻近建筑物对微型钢管桩桩身受力影响较小;随着基坑暴露时间增加,桩身弯矩呈微小增长趋势;钢支撑拆除后,前排桩的弯矩变化集中在0.38H~0.96H(H为基坑开挖深度)。6)桩-锚-撑组合支护体系能够较好地限制基坑变形,选择合理的支撑预应力是该类基坑设计的关键。

长春市某越冬深基坑桩锚支护结构受力变形监测与数值模拟对比分析

为研究季节性冻土区基坑越冬过程中基坑支护结构受力与变形变化规律,利用Midas GTS NX对长春市某深基坑的桩锚支护结构的周边地表沉降、支护桩水平位移及锚索轴力进行数值模拟,并基于实际监测数据与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:数值模拟及监测均表现出冻胀作用会使基坑周围地表沉降变小且越冬结束后会出现融沉现象;基坑支护桩桩身水平位移最大处约在距离桩顶2/5处且大于冻结前的位移;各层锚索轴力值均大于基坑冻结前;冻融作用会对基坑变形产生不可恢复的影响。

川西南公路顺层边坡桩锚组合结构加固分析——以乐西高速ZK9+352~ZK9+526边坡为例

四川盆地周边地形地质条件复杂,公路建设中顺层边坡的工程病害频现。通过工程地质分析和数值计算,基于滑面损伤本构模型,研究顺层边坡支护前后滑面应力、位移和边坡稳定性系数等特征量的变化规律,验证桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡的适用性;通过施工全周期现场监测,获取边坡深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩和锚索应力的时效特征。结果表明:开挖扰动下顺层边坡具渐进性失稳破坏特征;自坡脚沿滑面向后缘,位移呈指数型平滑递减,剪应力先增大后降低,滑面损伤变量自剪应力峰值位置开始同频衰减;采用桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡后,滑面位移最大值降低88.62%,最大损伤变量降低84.75%,稳定系数提高25.20%;坡体深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩、锚索应力等监测验证了桩锚组合结构加固的有效作用。

考虑系泊点深度的单点系泊系统锚桩水平承载性能理论分析

单点系泊系统因其克服恶劣海况的优越性成为我国海洋石油开发的重要系泊形式。然而,水下单点系泊系统锚桩-土体相互作用机制尚不清楚,尤其缺少考虑系泊点深度的水平承载性能计算方法。基于复合地基反力法,建立水平荷载下单点系泊系统锚桩的挠曲控制方程和边界条件,并编制相关计算程序;通过迭代法求解,获得不同系泊点位置下的锚桩荷载-位移曲线以及桩身位移、弯矩沿桩身的分布规律曲线;通过与数值模拟和既有离心模型试验结果的对比分析,验证了其准确性和可靠性;继而考虑系泊点深度对锚桩水平承载力的影响,进行参数分析,给出了最优系泊点深度取值范围。分析结果表明,增加系泊点深度可以显著减小锚桩的水平位移及弯矩最大值,从而提高锚桩的水平极限承载力。

可回收桩锚变形影响因素模型试验与数值模拟

通过室内可回收桩锚支护基坑模型试验及MIDAS GTS NX有限元软件,探究基坑开挖与回填阶段锚杆回收对基坑变形的影响。通过改变锚杆倾角、竖向间距、桩长、桩间距等参数,揭示桩体水平位移、地表沉降及桩身弯矩的变化规律。结果表明:可回收桩锚支护结构的支护效果与传统桩锚支护一致,地表沉降曲线呈凹槽型,支护结构水平位移以圆弧形式向坑内扩展破坏;在回填阶段,锚杆的失效回收是造成支护结构位移增长的主要因素,其中又以上层锚杆的影响最为突出;在使用可回收桩锚支护的基坑中,可回收锚杆的竖向间距取值为6D、倾角为10°~30°时,支护效果较为理想,也可以通过适当增加桩长与锚杆层数来控制基坑变形。

硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系受力与变形特性实测分析

为探究硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系随基坑开挖的受力与变形演化规律,依托于崂山公卫中心基坑支护工程,对南侧支护完成区域基坑的预应力锚索轴力、基坑水平和竖向位移进行了实时监测,分析桩锚支护体系在该地质条件下的力学性能,探讨锚索轴力急速下降与基坑水平位移增大的影响因素。研究表明:预应力锚索轴力持续、急速的下降与基坑紧邻原状山体的土压力和北侧后挖区域的持续施工有关,工程中采取预应力锚索2次补偿张拉适用效果良好;基坑最大水平位移为19.98 mm,最大竖向位移为12.11 mm,南侧支护完成区域基坑支护体系的变形受后续施工区域的影响明显;桩锚支护体系在硬岩及土岩二元地层超深基坑中具有较好的适用性和可靠性。类似工程支护结构设计应重视周边地质环境、邻近区域持续施工等因素的影响。

福建漳州某高速公路滑坡数值分析及加固治理研究

为治理某滑坡,基于现场勘察资料构建了边坡数值分析模型,以边坡特征点位移出现拐点为判据,采用强度折减法确定边坡天然工况稳定性系数为1.05,该边坡稳定性水平不满足工程规范要求,处于欠稳定状态。结合数值分析结果、专家现场分析意见及边坡加固措施的作用机理,确定了3种加固治理方案,方案1为“圆形抗滑桩+锚杆+截排水”,方案2为“方形抗滑桩+圆形抗滑桩+锚杆+截排水”,方案3为“方形抗滑桩+圆形抗滑桩+截排水”。基于有限元数值模型分析边坡岩土体、抗滑桩和锚杆的应力场、位移场及坡体稳定性系数变化,计算得到3种加固方案对应的边坡天然工况稳定性系数分别为1.39、1.28、1.18,分别较加固前提升了32.4%、21.9%、12.4%。经综合对比3种加固方案的加固措施和坡体应力、位移变化及其加固效果和经济性水平,综合确定方案1为最终加固方案。

基于横向变形约束弹性地基梁法的既有锚索桩极限承载力研究

以阿坝州岷江电化公司西侧滑坡前缘既有锚索桩为研究对象,既有锚索桩的极限承载力是滑坡综合治理中需要研究的关键。针对该问题,在桩身检测结果和锚索现场抗拉拔试验结果基础上,根据变形协调原理,对横向变形约束弹性地基梁法在桩锚固段地基水平抗力系数按梯形分布下的计算方法进行推导,并采用这种方法进行1-1'剖面既有预应力锚索桩的内力计算。把锚索极限承载力、既有桩身结构承载力和嵌固段地基强度条件共同作为限制条件,通过反分析方式不断逼近限制条件所对应的滑坡推力界限值,发现该工程中嵌固段地基强度对既有锚索桩的极限承载力起控制作用,并最终确定其极限承载力。该文所采用数据及计算方法可为同类工程研究分析提供参考。

基于锚杆静压桩加固的超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制技术

以某多层砌体结构基础加固施工为背景,阐述了锚杆静压桩在超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制中的应用,重点介绍了锚杆静压桩分批压桩以配合超深基坑土方分层开挖的施工方法。该法采用PLC自动持荷系统,可对锚杆静压桩的长期持荷动态调整桩端压力。监测数据表明:此方法可有效控制超深基坑土方开挖过程中的邻近建筑物沉降,降低施工风险,可为类似项目提供借鉴。