Model test on vertical bearing capacity of X-section concrete pile raft foundation in silica sand

To reveal the bearing capacity of the X-section concrete piles pile raft foundation in silica sand,a series of vertical load tests are carried out.The X-section concrete piles are compared with circular section pile with the same section area.The load−settlement curves,axial force and skin friction,strain on concave and convex edge of the pile,pile-sand stress ratio,distributions of side and tip resistance are presented.The results show that bearing capacity of the X section concrete pile raft foundation is much larger than that of the circular pile raft foundation.Besides,compared with the circular pile,the peak axial force of X-section piles under raft is deeper and smaller while the neutral point of X-section concrete pile is deeper.Moreover,the strain on the concave edge is much larger than that on the convex edge of the pile,and the convex edge has more potential in bearing capacity as the vertical load increases.The X-section pile has higher pile-sand stress ratios and load-sharing between side resistance and tip resistance.Above all,the X-section concrete pile can significantly increase the bearing capacity of pile-raft foundations in silica sand.

Settlement mechanism of piled-raft foundation due to cyclic train loads and its countermeasure

In this paper, numerical simulation with soil-water coupling finite element-finite difference（FE-FD） analysis is conducted to investigate the settlement and the excess pore water pressure（EPWP） of a piled-raft foundation due to cyclic high-speed（speed： 300km/h） train loading. To demonstrate the performance of this numerical simulation, the settlement and EPWP in the ground under the train loading within one month was calculated and confirmed by monitoring data, which shows that the change of the settlement and EPWP can be simulated well on the whole. In order to ensure the safety of train operation, countermeasure by the fracturing grouting is proposed. Two cases are analyzed, namely, grouting in No-4 softest layer and No-9 pile bearing layer respectively. It is found that fracturing grouting in the pile bearing layer（No-9 layer） has better effect on reducing the settlement.

Deep Foundation Pit Excavations Adjacent to Disconnected Piled Rafts: A Review on Risk Control Practice

Foundation pit excavation engineering is an old subject full of decision making. Yet, it still deserves further research due to the associated high failure cost and the complexity of the geological conditions and/or the surrounding existing infrastructure around it. This article overviews the risk control practice of foundation pit excavation projects in close proximity to existing disconnected piled raft. More focus is given to geotechnical aspects. The review begins with achievements to ensure excavation performance requirements, and follows to discuss the complex soil structure interaction involved among the fundamental components: the retaining wall, mat, piles, cushion, and the soil. After bringing consensus points to practicing engineers and decision makers, it then suggests possible future research directions.

Influence of dynamic soil-pile raft-structure interaction:an experimental approach

Traditionally seismic design of structures supported on piled raft foundation is performed by considering fixed base conditions, while the pile head is also considered to be fixed for the design of the pile foundation. Major drawback of this assumption is that it cannot capture soil-foundation-structure interaction due to flexibility of soil or the inertial interaction involving heavy foundation masses. Previous studies on this subject addressed mainly the intricacy in modelling of dynamic soil structure interaction (DSSI) but not the implication of such interaction on the distribution of forces at various elements of the pile foundation and supported structure. A recent numerical study by the authors showed significant change in response at different elements of the piled raft supported structure when DSSI effects are considered. The present study is a limited attempt in this direction, and it examines such observations through shake table tests. The effect of DSSI is examined by comparing dynamic responses from fixed base scaled down model structures and the overall systems. This study indicates the possibility of significant underestimation in design forces for both the column and pile if designed under fixed base assumption. Such underestimation in the design forces may have serious implication in the design of a foundation or structural element.

3D-Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction in Layered Soil

The analysis of building structure in contact with soil involves an interactive process of stresses and strains developed within the structure and the soil field. The response of Piled-Raft Foundation system to the structure is very challenging because there is an important interplay between the component of building structure and the soil field. Herein, soil-foundation-structure interaction of buildings founded on Piled-Raft Foundation is evaluated through 3D-Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses using PLAXIS3D FOUNDATION code. The soil settlements and forces demand of the high-rise building structures and foundation is computed. The parametric study affecting the soil-foundation-structure response has been carried out. The parameters such as construction phasing, sequential loading, building aspect ratios, soil failure models and thickness proportion of soil field stiff layer, are considered. It is concluded that the interaction of building foundation-soil field and super-structure has remarkable effect on the structure.

秦望广场塔楼沉降后浇带提前封闭技术研究

研究目的:带超高层物业开发的大型地下综合体,为了不影响裙房和地下室提前投入使用,需要研究超高层建筑沉降后浇带提前封闭可行性,通过杭州富阳秦望广场通道工程实际项目,采用有限元整体建模分析,提出了残余沉降差计算方法,利用试桩静载试验P-S曲线确定了桩基线刚度参数,推导出沉降后浇带提前封闭楼层,通过实际监测数据,对理论计算结果进行对比验证。研究结论:(1)试桩线刚度与单桩承载力特征值比值在76~119之间,与传统经验值100倍单桩承载力特征值相比,试桩结果离散性较大;(2)塔楼总沉降量与楼层数关系不大,与桩基线刚度取值关系较大;(3)塔楼桩基采用相同线刚度,楼层数与总沉降量成正比;(4)塔楼沉降呈线性发展趋势,理论计算与监测数据基本一致,因成桩工艺控制不稳定,导致工程桩线刚度有离散性,理论计算沉降速率与监测相比均偏小,导致后浇带提前封闭楼层判断有误差;(5)本研究成果可为超高层建筑提前封闭沉降后浇带设计提供参考。

水流作用下桩基局部水沙动力特征数值模拟

基于VOF方法追踪水气界面,利用不可压缩流体连续方程和运动方程对流体进行描述,通过嵌套网格技术建立三维数值水槽,湍流采用RNG k–ε模型,泥沙运动基于Van Rijn方法。基于验证后的数值水槽模型,开展水流作用下高桩承台结构局部水动力和冲刷规律研究,讨论不同来流条件下桩基桩周流场分布、泥沙输运和床面局部冲刷特征。结果表明,桩基冲刷特征受冲刷时间、流速、水位、水流攻角等来流条件的影响,同时也受桩间距的影响。当流速较小时,高桩承台桩基各桩之间相互作用较小,泥沙冲淤形态彼此独立,与单桩冲刷特征相似。流速较大时,前桩对后桩出现较为明显的遮蔽作用,前桩水流涡旋影响后桩,后桩周围流速明显降低,此时泥沙冲刷坑彼此相连构成群桩整体冲刷坑,且在最后排桩桩间形成条状冲刷坑,冲刷深度最大。

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥桥塔基础设计

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥主桥为主跨988 m的斜拉-悬索协作体系桥,桥塔采用钢筋混凝土门形结构。3号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与沉井基础方案,4号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与地下连续墙基础方案,综合考虑基础受力性能、经济性、施工风险等,均推荐采用钻孔桩基础方案。3号、4号桥塔塔座高4.5 m,承台分别为厚7 m的圆形-哑铃形和矩形-哑铃形结构,基础分别采用68根和64根φ3.0 m钻孔桩,桩长分别为95 m和79 m,按摩擦桩设计。承台系梁采用ANSYS软件进行实体有限元分析,系梁横向受力主筋、竖向抗剪箍筋采用优化分区配置,满足受力要求。

格栅式钢板桩与桩筏基础集成的基坑支护技术

针对软土地质基坑工程,提出格栅式钢板桩与桩筏基础集成的基坑支护技术,通过设置纵向双排钢板桩与横向钢板桩或钢板组成格栅式钢板桩,以提高支护结构强度与刚度,并与桩筏基础协同工作,以解决结构下部软土层承载力较差的问题,并提高支护结构稳定性。以某管廊工程为依托,通过计算分析与技术对比,论证集成支护技术的安全性与可行性。

某高层剪力墙结构不均匀沉降分析及处理

无新增荷载情况下的持续不均匀沉降常常发生在地基有缺陷的高层建筑中,该类沉降产生的破坏是缓慢持续的。地基不均匀沉降会导致建筑物开裂、倾斜,进一步发生结构安全事故。依据某高层剪力墙结构以及不均匀沉降监测数据,采用ABAQUS建立该高层剪力墙结构三维有限元计算模型,分析不均匀沉降工况下上部结构的内力分布及整体变形发展规律。结果显示,有限元计算得到的模型内力增大位置与实际外墙主要开裂位置相吻合,整体沉降变形发展规律与现场实测数据基本一致,证明上部结构三维有限元模型的可行性。进一步建立剪力墙结构-桩筏基础-地基耦合计算模型,开展不同筏板厚度对整体结构不均匀沉降的影响分析。同时结合实际案例制定“增设筏板+补桩”处理方法,加固完成后监测数据显示房屋处于稳定状态,变形与裂缝均无发展。

高层建筑迫降法纠倾方案研究

建筑物因勘察、设计、施工或环境等不良因素影响,导致不均匀沉降,从而产生超过规范允许范围的倾斜。而高层建筑纠倾工程技术难度大、风险高。结合工程实例,通过对现有技术资料分析得出倾斜的原因,并根据工程实际情况,提出桩侧射水扰动迫降纠倾方案,对迫降法的原理、方案设计和施工工艺流程进行了介绍,可为类似工程提供参考。

基于现场试验的CFG桩复合地基桩帽与垫层效应分析

【目的】柔性垫层和桩帽对CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降均有较大影响,但目前柔性垫层与桩帽在现场试验中如何共同影响复合地基特性仍有待进一步的研究。【方法】以CFG桩复合地基软基处理的某路段作为工程背景,在土工格栅层数不变的情况下,对垫层厚度为100 mm、200 mm、300 mm,桩帽尺寸为0.8 m、1.0 m、1.2 m组合下的形式进行了现场原位试验,研究了CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降特性。【结果】现场试验表明:随着垫层厚度由100 mm增大到300 mm,桩土荷载比减小了51.5%,桩土应力比减小了52.5%,总沉降量增大了7.9%;随着桩帽直径由0.8 m增大到1.2 m,桩土荷载比增大了29.0%,桩土应力比减小了29.2%,总沉降量10.4%.本文区域地质条件,宜选用垫层厚度100 mm、桩帽直径为1.2 m的CFG桩复合地基形式。

砂土场地桥梁群桩基础延性抗震性能分析

采用严格的增量动力分析(IDA)方法对砂土场地桥梁群桩基础的延性性能开展了系统研究。基于砂土中单墩-群桩基础体系振动台试验验证了数值模拟方法;以实际工程为背景,考虑与结构、土体相关的9个参数,建立了一系列分析模型;将7条实际地震记录作为输入,进行了系统的增量动力分析。基于计算结果,对地震下桥梁群桩基础的损伤破坏过程进行了验证,提出了表征群桩基础延性性能的位移、转角、强度3个指标,并揭示了各性能指标随结构、土体参数的变化规律。结果表明,群桩基础在易修复状态下的平均位移延性系数为2.52,平均水平承载力为首次屈服状态的1.41倍;极限状态下平均位移延性系数为3.62,平均水平承载力为首次屈服状态的1.47倍,延性性能可观且稳定;承台转动引起的桥墩漂移率最大不超过0.7%,不控制抗震设计。

竖向荷载对高承台群桩基础侧向位移影响规律的振动台试验

基于大型振动台模型试验,以高承台群桩为研究对象,模拟了地震作用下高桩承台基础的振动响应,通过超静孔压比(简称孔压比)、加速度和地基土位移研究饱和砂土液化场地竖向荷载对桩基侧向位移的影响规律。结果表明:近桩区域受桩基竖向荷载影响最为显著,孔压比与竖向荷载呈负相关关系,桩基两侧孔压比差值与地基土浅层加速度是造成桩基侧向位移的主要原因;地基土对台面输出加速度主要起放大作用,且随着竖向荷载的增加,加速度放大系数显著减小;在振动输入与竖向荷载相同的条件下,地基土在地震动作用下引起的侧向流动及显著变形极大影响了桩基的侧向位移;竖向荷载为9%桩基极限承载力条件下,桩基倾斜角为4.80°,侧向位移较小,结合地基土抗液化能力,桩基抗倾覆能力最优。

中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界高区基础设计

中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界高区采用了巨型钢框架结构体系,基础形式为群桩基础,满足了基础内力大、沉降控制要求高的要求。介绍了巨型框架结构以及基础设计内力大、沉降控制要求高等特点。以中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界项目滑道高区的基础设计为例,详细介绍了该工程地质概况、桩型选择、基础设计原则;进行了基桩承载力计算和验算,并分别采用YJK和ABAQUS对基础的沉降进行分析。其中ABAQUS模型考虑了桩、土、承台的相互作用,克服了传统计算方法不能细致分析桩身弹性压缩、实体深基础侧阻力和应力扩散等的不足。

海上风电高桩承台基础结构的受力特性

为研究海上风电高桩承台基础结构在风电机组大弯矩荷载及复杂海洋环境荷载作用下的受力及传力机理,采用在数值模型中逐级加载的方式,模拟不同荷载量级情况下基础受力特性,获得了高桩承台组合结构的关键承载部位,分析了混凝土承台及斜向钢管桩受力特性.研究结果表明,随着风电机组荷载和环境荷载的增大,混凝土承台承载模式将由轴压承载向偏压转变;钢管桩顶部与混凝土承台接触部位是承载及荷载传递的关键部位,混凝土受拉损伤首先从此处开始;随着荷载的增大,斜向钢管桩群桩应力最大部位将从波流荷载作用点向泥面处转变.研究明晰了海上风电高桩承台基础的荷载传递规律及关键部位,为基础结构的安全设计提供了指导.

某筏板基础居民楼顶升纠偏方案设计与实践

通过PLC顶升系统,对一倾斜量达16‰的6层砖混结构纠倾。该工程由于地基土层受到多次侵蚀,导致建筑基础发生不均匀沉降。根据现场实际情况,决定采用新增桩基作为反力系统对原建筑进行顶升,最终成功将建筑纠正。

桥梁承台深基坑钢板桩围堰施工成本预测分析

制订桥梁承台深基坑开挖钢板桩围堰施工方案,并根据施工方案设计现场劳动力与材料等施工参数;利用鸡群算法优化极限学习机的权重与偏置,把经过优化后的权重和偏置输入极限学习机模型中,构建最好的极限学习机模型;在最佳极限学习机模型内输入施工参数,输出施工成本预测结果,完成桥梁承台深基坑开挖钢板桩围堰施工成本预测。以贵州省重点工程——乌当(羊昌)至长顺高速公路工程TJ-8标段羊昌河大桥为研究对象,进行相关的试验测试。试验结果证明:该方法可有效预测桥梁承台深基坑开挖钢板桩围堰施工时,钢板桩围堰打入阶段与基坑清淤及支撑阶段等不同施工阶段人工费与材料费等成本,成本预测的残差与相对误差均较低。

海上风电倾斜螺旋群桩基础适用性分析

根据实际工程数据,通过有限元软件进行倾斜螺旋群桩基础与传统高桩承台群桩的设计与选型,并对二者在多种荷载工况的承载特性进行定量对比分析。结果表明:在承载性能方面,螺旋群桩基础竖向承载性能以及抗侧刚度都明显优于普通群桩,在相同的荷载情况下,结构位移和变形都相对很小;从经济指标来看,相同用钢量下,螺旋桩高桩承台基础倾斜率和沉降变形均能满足设计要求,而普通桩高桩承台基础均无法满足,若要满足使用要求需要付出更大的代价,综合经济和工程性能考虑,倾斜螺旋群桩基础是更理想的选择。

Innovative piled raft foundations design using artificial neural network

Studying the piled raft behavior has been the subject of many types of research in the field of geotechnical engineering.Several studies have been conducted to understand the behavior of these types of foundations,which are often used for uniform loading on the raft and piles with the same length,while generally the transition load from the upper structure to the foundation is non-uniform and the choice of uniform length for piles in the above model will not be optimally economic and practical.The most common method in identifying the behavior of piled rafts is the use of theoretical relationships and software analyses.More precise identification of this type of foundation behavior can be very difficult due to several influential parameters and interaction of set behavior,and it will be done by doing time-consuming computer analyses or costly full-scale physical modeling.In the meantime,the technique of artificial neural networks can be used to achieve this goal with minimum time consumption,in which data from physical and numerical modeling can be used for network learning.One of the advantages of this method is the speed and simplicity of using it.In this paper,a model is presented based on multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network.In this model pile diameter,pile length,and pile spacing is considered as an input parameter that can be used to estimate maximum settlement,maximum differential settlement,and maximum raft moment.By this model,we can create an extensive domain of results for optimum system selection in the desired piled raft foundation.Results of neural network indicate its proper ability in identifying the piled raft behavior.The presented procedure provides an interesting solution and economically enhancing the design of the piled raft foundation system.This innovative design method reduces the time spent on software analyses.