3D finite element analysis on pile-soil interaction of passive pile group

The interaction between pile and soft soil of the passive pile group subjected to soil movement was analyzed with three-dimensional finite element model by using ANSYS software. The soil was assumed to be elastic-plastic complying with the Drucker-Prager yield criterion in the analysis. The large displacement of soil was considered and contact elements were used to evaluate the interaction between pile and soil. The influences of soil depth of layer and number of piles on the lateral pressure of the pile were investigated, and the lateral pressure distributions on the (2×1) pile group and on the (2×2) pile group were compared. The results show that the adjacent surcharge may result in significant lateral movement of the soft soil and considerable pressure on the pile. The pressure acting on the row near the surcharge is higher than that on the other row, due to the "barrier" and arching effects in pile groups. The passive load and its distribution should be taken into account in the design of the passive piles.

Elastoplastic solutions for single piles under combined vertical and lateral loads

In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.

Study on the characteristics of interaction flowfields induced by supersonic jet on a revolution body

The paper focuses on the triple jets interaction with a hypersonic external flow on a revolution body. The experimental model is a ogive-cylinder body with three supersonic nozzles, which are aligned along the flow direction. The freestream Mach numbers are 5 and 6. The spatial and surface flow characteristics are illustrated by the schlieren photographs and the typical pressure distribution. The results show that there are multi-wave system, separation, reattachment, multi-peak pressure, high-pressure and low-pressure zone boundaries obvious distinction in tri-jets interference flowfield. The present paper also analyzes how do the pressure ratio, the angle of attack, and Mach number effect on tri-jets interaction characteristics.

Elastic solutions for partially embedded single piles subjected to simultaneous axial and lateral loading

In order to improve the design level of partially embedded single piles under simultaneous axial and lateral loads, the differential solutions were deduced, in which the soil was treated as an ideal, elastic, homogeneous, semi-infinite isotropic medium. A comparison was made between model test results and the obtained solutions to show their validity. The calculation results indicate that the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the pile increase with increases of the axial and lateral loads. The maximum horizontal displacement and bending moment decrease by 37.9% and 13.9%, respectively, when the elastic modulus of soil increases from 4 MPa to 20 MPa. The Poisson ratio of soil plays a marginal role in pile responses. There is a critical pile length under the ground, beyond which the pile behaves as though it was infinitely long. The presented solutions can make allowance for the continuous nature of soil, and if condition permits, they can approach exact ones.

An analytical p-y curve method based on compressive soil pressure model in sand soil

With the high-quality development of urban buildings,higher requirements are come up with for lateral bearing capacity of laterally loaded piles.Consequently,a more accurate analysis to predict the lateral response of the pile within an allowable displacement is an important issue.However,the current p-y curve methods cannot fully take into account the pile-soil interaction,which will lead to a large calculation difference.In this paper,a new analytical p-y curve is established and a finite difference method for determining the lateral response of pile is proposed,which can consider the separation effect of pile-soil interface and the coefficient of circumferential friction resistance.In particular,an analytical expression is developed to determine the compressive soil pressure by dividing the compressive soil pressure into two parts:initial compressive soil pressure and increment of compressive soil pressure.In addition,the relationship between compressive soil pressure and horizontal displacement of the pile is established based on the reasonable assumption.The correctness of the proposed method is verified through four examples.Based on the verified method,a parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the influences of factors on lateral response of the pile,including internal friction angle,pile length and elastic modulus of pile.

The mechanical response of piles with consideration of pile-soil interactions under a periodic wave pressure

The pile-soil interaction under wave loads is an extremely complex and difficult issue in engineering. In this study, a physical model test is designed based on the principle of the gravity similarity to obtain time histories of wave forces of unsteady regular waves, and to measure the magnitude and the distribution of wave forces acting on the piles. A numerical model and relevant numerical methods for the pile-soil contact surface are adopted based on the principles of elastic dynamics. For a practical project, the time histories of wave forces on the piles are obtained through physical model tests. The deformations of the piles in the pile-soil interactions and the distribution of the bending moment on the piles are studied. It is shown that, with the increase of the period of wave pressures, the absolute value of the horizontal displacement of the piles increases, the embedment depth of the piles increases, and the scope of influence of soils increases. The change of the bending moment on the piles is consistent with that of its theoretical results, and the proposed numerical method can very well simulate the properties of the piles.

海底管道侧向屈曲概率化分析方法

介绍海底管道侧向屈曲概率化分析的理论基础和方法,编制基于蒙特卡罗分析方法的侧向屈曲模式计算程序,并结合有限元分析,实现对可接受虚拟锚固间距的筛选,形成海底管道侧向屈曲控制的基础。给出基于概率化方法的侧向屈曲分析实例,该方法已在工程实际项目中成功应用。所得结论对深水高温高压海底管道设计与建设具有指导意义。

海底管道侧向屈曲激发设计应用及验证

介绍国内首次进行海底管道侧向屈曲激发的工程设计应用和基于投产后调查的验证及再分析。进行基于蒙特卡罗分析方法的侧向屈曲模式计算,并结合有限元分析,实现对可接受虚拟锚固间距的筛选,形成海底管道侧向屈曲控制基础。根据铺设后调查,对管道铺设后不直度、沉降值等数据进行分析,发现南海海底管道由孤立波造成的海床沉积物不均匀沉积的直接证据。投产后调查验证了侧向屈曲激发装置的有效性,并根据膨胀、侧向屈曲量进行再分析,验证管-土作用参数。结论对深水高温高压海底管道设计与建设以及管-土作用参数的计算有一定的指导意义。

考虑贮料-钢板筒仓相互作用的静动态侧压力模拟研究

为研究贮料-钢板筒仓结构体系在自重和地震作用下的贮料侧压力分布规律,采用亚塑性本构模型模拟仓内小麦贮料,利用ABAQUS软件建立考虑散-固耦合效应的有限元数值模型进行侧压力的仿真分析,并将计算结果同中国及欧洲规范进行对比。结果表明,亚塑性本构模型可以准确描述仓内小麦贮料的力学行为,计算的浅仓和深仓模型静侧压力分布均与中国规范吻合较好;浅仓模型的相对动侧压力沿筒仓高度变化较为均匀,而深仓模型在大震作用下仓顶附近的相对动侧压力分布具有显著的放大效应;欧洲规范建议的浅仓动压力分布具有一定的保守性,而深仓动压力计算中有关加速度响应沿结构高度变化恒定的假设并不合理。

软土运动作用下被动桩桩-土水平相互作用的三维有限元分析

运用ANSYS软件对软土运动作用下的桩-土相互作用的桩基础进行三维有限元分析,以DP材料来模拟土体的弹塑性性质,并考虑其大变形的影响,在桩-土间设置接触单元研究桩-土的相互作用,分析了软土层厚度和基桩数目对桩上侧向压力的影响,并比较了群桩中各桩基上侧向压力分布情况。结果表明:软土在局部堆载作用下产生了较大水平变形,桩上的侧向压力也较大;由于群桩中的"遮挡"和土拱效应,各基桩受到的侧向压力荷载并不相同,在被动桩的设计中应考虑这些因素的影响。

土体侧移作用下被动桩受力变形的简化解析计算

为了分析邻近堆载作用下或失稳土坡中被动桩的力学特性,根据桩土侧向相互作用机理,将被动桩划分为自由段、被动段和主动段.将土体侧移作用下桩身附加被动荷载的分布模式假定为二次函数,基于Euler-Bernouli梁理论和Winkler地基模型,提出了土体侧移作用下被动桩的通用简化计算模型.然后,分别建立了各桩段的微分控制方程组,结合桩段界面连续条件和桩顶、桩底边界条件,求得桩身响应的解析解.最后,通过算例分析验证了该解析解的可靠性,并对被动桩受力响应的主要影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,随着土体侧向位移作用于桩身被动侧荷载水平的增大和地基土抗力的下降,桩身弯矩和水平位移逐渐增大.

深基空间组合支护桩设计与工程应用

在一定环境和施工条件下，深基坑采用多种组合模式的支护桩有显著优点。本文结合工程应用，重点论述了空间组合支护桩的类型、设计计算方法。

路基堆载下软土侧移对桥台桩基影响研究综述

根据国内外文献,综述现有路基堆载下软土侧向位移对桥台桩基影响的研究概况,着重介绍了桥台桩基在路基堆载下的变形规律试验、路堤下覆软土侧移对桩身的极限侧压力计算方法以及桩土相互作用计算方法等的研究成果,简要论述了存在的问题及今后进一步研究的方向。

软基中高速公路桥台桩基变形基本规律探讨

就软土地基中高速公路桥台桩基变形规律的国内外研究现状进行分析,总结了目前包括软基中桥台桩基变 形规律的试验、有限元分析以及路堤下覆软土侧向变形引起的桩身土压力计算等诸多方面的研究成果。最后,结合 具体的桥梁桩基工程的有限元分析成果,进一步探讨了桥台桩基变形的基本规律,简要论述了存在的问题和今后的 研究方向,并建议采用有限元分析和离心模型试验相结合的方法来研究这些问题。

Stability analysis method of geogrid reinforced expansive soil slopes and its engineering application

The traditional stability analysis method of geogrid reinforced slopes does not consider the effect of lateral swelling,so it is not applicable to reinforced expansive soil slopes.This paper reports a new stability analysis method for geogrid reinforced expansive soil slopes.The additional pullout force of the free zone due to the lateral swelling and the anti-pullout safety factor of each geogrid layer were obtained by ensuring the overall stability of the reinforced slope.The optimum design was carried out to treat an expansive soil cut slope in Hubei Province,China,by changing the spacing and length of geogrid reinforcement.Calculation results show that the additional pullout force caused by lateral swelling has a great influence on the anti-pullout stability of geogrids,and the local stability of the reinforced slope will be overestimated if the swelling effect of soil in the free zone is not considered.

导弹轨控喷流气动干扰全空域插值方法研究

导弹侧向喷流气动干扰受海拔高度影响显著,主要原因在于雷诺数和压力比会随海拔高度的变化而变化。受大气参数的影响,雷诺数和压力比的变化规律并不一致。为能在现有气动模型基础上既保证插值精度又减少节点数,通过数值模拟方法研究了雷诺数和压力比对轨控喷流气动干扰的影响。结果表明:海拔高度对喷流气动干扰的影响主要由压力比变化造成,雷诺数变化产生的影响相对较小,且喷流干扰与压力比间存在一定的线性关系。因此,提出了一种基于压力比的喷流气动干扰插值方法。相比于传统的基于高度的插值方法,该方法可显著提高插值精度,并减少节点数,适用于全空域轨控喷流气动建模。

基于统一强度理论的加筋土挡墙筋材拉力与土压力分析

应用统一强度理论和等效附加围压理论,考虑中间主应力的影响,研究了加筋土挡墙筋材拉力及侧向土压力的变化规律。在筋土相互作用的分析中,考虑筋材变形和筋土之间的相对滑动,并且将等效附加围压用筋土界面摩阻力代替,为等效附加围压的计算提供新的方法。进一步基于统一强度理论推导了筋材受到的拉力沿着筋材水平方向的分布及加筋土挡墙侧向土压力沿着挡墙深度的分布。结果表明:筋材受到的拉力在筋材中部达最大值,呈复合指数分布,筋材同一位置处随着中主应力系数b的增大,拉力逐渐减小,当b=0.5时,计算值与实测值较吻合;在不同的强度理论下,侧向土压力沿着挡墙深度均由小变大,在相同深度处侧向土压力随着中主应力系数b的增大而减小,同样,当b=0.5时,对应的侧向土压力计算值与侧向土压力实测值较吻合。